Why don't young people of generation Z get married quickly?

In recent years, young people are increasingly "in no hurry" to get married. According to a set of data released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of China, in the first quarter of 20 18, there were 3017,000 married couples in China, a year-on-year decrease of 5.7%. Compared with the high number of marriages of 4.282 million in the same period five years ago, the number of marriages in the first quarter of 20 18 has dropped by 29.54%.

Experts believe that the decline in the number of marriageable people, the delay in marriage age and the acceleration of urbanization are all reasons for the continuous decline in the number of married people.

The more men and women there are, the more developed the city will be.

After the peak of 20 13, the marriage rate in China seems to have entered a long downward channel.

Guangzhou's "265438+20th Century Business Herald" reported that this point was once again verified in the first quarter marriage data recently released by the Chinese Ministry of Civil Affairs. The data shows that the number of married couples in the first quarter of this year was 3001.7 million, a decrease of 1.8 1.0 million compared with the same period last year, with a decrease of 5.7%.

From different regions, the highest marriage rate in the first quarter of this year was in Guizhou, Ningxia and Tibet, and the lowest marriage rate was in Shanghai, Tianjin and Beijing. Except for some provinces such as Jiangsu, the marriage rate in economically developed areas is generally low.

What is the reason behind this? Yuan Xin, a professor at the Institute of Population and Development of Nankai University, believes that the most important thing is that the number of people suitable for marriage is declining. "If you look at the age of 22, people born in 1996 will enter the stage where they can get married. However, the birth rate was rapidly declining at that time, which means that the number of people who reached marriageable age will decrease rapidly in the next few years. "

In the first quarter of this year, the number of married people in China was 30 1.7 million. Compared with 3198,000 pairs in the first quarter of 2065, 3.45 million pairs in the first quarter of 2065 and 3.6 million pairs in the first quarter of 2065. Especially compared with 20 13, the decline reached 29.5%. According to the annual data, from 2005 to 20 13, the marriage rate continued to rise, from 6.3‰ to 9.92‰. But since then, the marriage rate has entered a downward channel. In 20 17 years, the marriage rate in China was only 7.6‰.

Why is the marriage rate declining? This aspect is related to the previous decline in birth rate. The figures show that the birth rate (the ratio of birth population to permanent population) in China in 1996 was 16.98‰, which was about 6 percentage points lower than that in 1987, which was 23.33‰.

Judging from different data in different regions, the marriage rate has a certain relationship with the level of economic development. For example, the top five regions with the highest 20 17 marriage rate are Guizhou, Anhui, Tibet, Qinghai and Henan. From the perspective of per capita GDP, the per capita GDP of these areas in 20 17 years did not exceed 50,000 yuan.

20 17 In areas where the marriage rate is less than 0.7%, including Beijing, Guangdong, Hebei, Liaoning, Hunan, Shandong, Jiangxi, Tianjin, Zhejiang and Shanghai, the per capita GDP in 20 17 exceeded 70,000 yuan, of which 3 areas exceeded/kloc-0.00 million yuan. Shi, director of the Population and Health Research Center of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, believes that the better the economic conditions, the higher the tolerance for singles and various lifestyles. "Now the higher the level of social development, the more inclusive and diversified the society is. It is a personal choice not to get married, single or divorced at any time. "

Ma Chunhua, deputy director of the Family and Gender Research Office of the Institute of Sociology, China Academy of Social Sciences, said that for many countries, it doesn't matter whether they get married or not, what matters is whether the fertility rate is high or not. "But different countries have different systems. In France and other countries, unmarried people can have children. But in East Asian countries, unmarried births are not allowed. For example, children born out of wedlock in Japanese families are not easy to get childcare allowance. For China, if a tax is levied according to the family in the future, it will help promote personal marriage and childbirth. " Many countries tax families, which can promote marriage and childbirth. "

The improvement of women's status and the change of mentality have led to a decline in the marriage rate.

In 20 15 years, the proportion of unmarried women aged 30 to 34 was about 10 times higher than that in 1990.

At the same time, experts believe that another reason for the decline in marriage rate is that the proportion of people who choose not to get married or postpone marriage is rising, especially women.

According to 2 1 Century Business Herald and Qian Jing. If Cui Shuxin (pseudonym) chooses to give up one thing and continue to live a happy life, she will also give up her marriage. The 29-year-old woman is the director of a global public relations company in Beijing. She doesn't want to marry her boyfriend soon, unlike her mother who got married at the age of 20.

"I want to focus on my career," said Cui Shuxin, adding that she was writing her third book. "Before starting a family, you must settle down your life."

Cui Shuxin is not the only one who thinks so. The downward trend of marriage rate is very common in developed economies, but its impact on China is much more serious. The level of marriage rate plays an important role in slowing down the aging population and promoting family-related purchase and consumption behavior.

The decline of marriage is partly due to family planning for more than 30 years, but the most important reason is the change of women's mentality in China. With the rapid development of the country bringing more and more opportunities, women no longer regard marriage as a safe way. They have extended their education and career. As early as 2007, 27-year-old unmarried women were called "leftover women".

Yuan Xin revealed that according to his understanding, in 20 15 years, the proportion of unmarried women aged 30 to 34 in China was about 6%, which was about 10 times higher than that in 1990. Yuan Xin said: "China society is definitely becoming more and more tolerant of different lifestyles. More and more people choose not to get married, but that doesn't mean they don't have a partner. "

According to government data, in 20 16, the number of newly married people in China decreased by 6.7% to 1 1.4 million, which is the third consecutive year of decline since 20 13. At the same time, since 20 12, the divorce rate has been rising continuously, and it increased by 8% to 4160,000 in 20 16.

Shi believes that this reflects the improvement of women's social status. "In many places where women have high status, the marriage rate will be low and the divorce rate will be high. The regional differences of marriage in China reflect this. At the same time, the marriage rate and divorce rate vary greatly in different countries, which is also related to culture. "

Sandy, a sociologist in Hong Kong, also said that part of the reason for the soaring divorce rate may be that women's understanding of their own values has changed.

"Now women don't want to tolerate unhappy marriages," Sandy said. "They are more independent and have stronger economic ability. If there is a problem, they can choose to quit. "

You can't get married until you have a house. Urbanization is accelerating or advancing.

On the economic front, the decline in the marriage rate has increased the uncertainty of expenditure.

The pressure brought by urbanization is also a major reason for the decline in marriage rate.

According to Guangzhou 2 1 Century Business Herald and Qianwei.com, from 1990 to 20 10, more than 250 million people in China migrated from rural areas to cities. This large-scale migration has had a great impact on the lives of millennials in China: millennials in China in their early twenties are three times more likely to live in cities than they were 30 years ago. In the same period in Britain, the urban living standard of young people has only increased by three percentage points.

Considering the skyrocketing housing prices in China, their marriage prospects are further complicated. Buying a house is a long-standing tradition, that is, a man must be able to provide a house and a car to get married-it is not easy. Yoga Yu, an assistant professor at China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that economic burden means that men will not get married until they have saved enough money, which leads to more and more "leftover men".

"The person I want to marry must earn more money than me, because I don't want my husband to drag me down," said Yang Hang, 27, who works in a global law firm. "I don't mind staying single if I can't find a suitable partner."

All these make it difficult for China to dismantle its demographic time bomb: by 2050, it is estimated that 65,438+0/3 people in China will be over 60 years old.

Yuan Xin said that on the economic front, the decline in the marriage rate has increased the uncertainty of expenditure. Controversially, compared with married families, single people spend less on household appliances and family-related services, which encourages enterprises to sell cheap and compact products such as refrigerators and rice cookers and build smaller apartments.

Alina Ma, a senior lifestyle analyst at Mintel, a consulting firm, said: "All these can make people live a comfortable life without getting married." "This means that they will be single for longer."

In addition, some experts believe that the reduction of marriage rate is also indirectly related to economic development. China's per capita GDP will be close to US$ 654.38 +0.00 million, and it will gradually enter the ranks of high-income countries with per capita GDP of US$ 654.38 +0.20 million.

Data show that millennials in China account for the vast majority of the population, especially in the reproductive period. However, millennials are not interested in getting married or having children. Although the decline in fertility rate is not so obvious compared with developed countries such as the United States, getting married and having children often increases family expenses, which makes many people choose not to get married and have children.

Society should respect diversified choices, but the government should attach importance to them.

The rising divorce rate is also related to the more open public opinion environment and personal ideas.

Faced with the declining number of marriages year by year, many experts said that this is an inevitable product of the country's economic and social development. Society should respect diversified and personalized personal choices and give young people more choices.

According to CCTV, Beijing People's Daily and Zhongxin.com, Lu Jiehua, a sociology professor in Peking University, thinks that "post-80s" and "post-90s" are obviously different from "post-60s" and "post-70s". "Economic development has brought about income growth, and the Internet has improved the level of informatization. More young people have seen the changes in the outside society and learned about the development of the world. For them, getting married and having children is no longer a necessary life experience, but a result of personal choice. " He believes that people should change their ideas, keep pace with the times and give more tolerance to late marriage, de facto marriage and non-marriage.

However, compared with five years ago, the number of married people has decreased by 1.265 million, which still deserves the government's attention. China has entered an aging society. 20 1 1 the data of the sixth census show that the population aged 60 and above accounts for 13.26% of the total population, which is 2.93 percentage points higher than that of the fifth census in 2000, highlighting the current situation of accelerated aging in China. The decline of marriage rate and birth rate is bound to further deepen the problems of an aging society.

Experts suggest that in view of the close relationship between the two, the state should pay attention to this issue, seriously study and introduce corresponding policies to encourage young people to get married and have children. For example, marriage leave and maternity leave can be appropriately extended, and people can be encouraged to balance family and work, thus promoting marriage and childbirth. In addition, the government should also introduce public policies that are beneficial to families, such as the fiscal policy of paying taxes on a family basis, in order to reduce the tax burden of families; First-tier cities have gathered a large number of outstanding young people, but high housing prices make it difficult for many people to start independent family life when they are young. Therefore, measures such as stabilizing housing prices and providing low-rent housing for large families will alleviate some of the pressure.

According to the Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Social Services in 20 15 published by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of China, in 20 15, there were 384 1 10,000 couples who went through divorce procedures according to law in China, with a crude divorce rate of 2.8‰. Compared with China in 2002, the crude divorce rate is only 0.90‰. Since 13, the crude divorce rate has increased year by year.

Experts said that the rising divorce rate is also related to the more open public opinion environment and personal concepts. "In the past, when a person filed a divorce, people around him would talk about it and put some pressure on both sides of the divorce. Now that the social environment is diversified and open, the public's decision on divorce and marriage has become easier, and the choice is not as cautious as before. "

In this regard, there is a view that in a more open social environment, people should not make decisions on marriage and divorce rashly, but should also respect individual freedom of divorce.

Experts say that if a marriage suppresses personal feelings or makes the parties dissatisfied, it may be more conducive to personal feelings and development after divorce.