The origin of "Shenzhen"?

Today's Shenzhen River winds through the bustling downtown area, hence the name "Shenzhen". "Shenzhen" refers to "Tianbiangou" and "Shenzhen" is a "deep ditch".

According to the Records of Xin 'an County compiled during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Shenzhen River not only has a long history, but also has a fast-flowing water. When it rains, there will be floods, which makes it very difficult for residents to travel. People often "don't know the depth, but they are drowned." So, under the auspices of Liao Yingchong, the chief inspector of the local public security department, in the 28th year of Kangxi, a "Huimin Bridge" was built on the Shenzhen River, made of stone, which is the predecessor of today's "Ren Minqiao".

As a place name, "Shenzhen" first appeared in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. That is the name of a small "market" and also the name of an outpost. At that time, the garrison was only 10.

The "market" was originally a formal rural fair, and people would disperse after the transaction was completed. But by the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, the "market" in Xin 'an County had developed into a market with fixed residents, and most of them were formed in places with convenient transportation. Although the Shenzhen market is small, it is quite famous.

In fact, the name "Shenzhen" not only bears geographical traces, but also bears the color of immigrant culture. It is a new word brought by Hakka immigrants to the south.

Generally speaking, after moving to a new place, immigrants often use old place names to express their roots. Usually, immigrants do not copy their original names, but use the same place names as their places of origin. Historically, some Hakkas in Lingnan area moved from northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang. The common place names in these areas are Keng, Tan, Yang, Ping and Zhen.

There is also a "Shenzhen" with the same name in Zhejiang, besides Yu 'an in Lishui, Zhejiang, and Shenzhen Head in Yongkang. Wenjia Town, Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province, Pingxiang Town and Hejia Town; Yuandong, Xinning Town, Hunan Province; Toukeng, Dabu Town, Guangdong Province, Gaozhen, Meixian County, etc. These place names appeared after the Song Dynasty. They are ancient Chinese brought by northerners to the south, which evolved into dialects in the south and produced dialect place names.

"Baoan, Baoan, Debao is safe"

Bao 'an has Baoshan, which is "safe and secure". There was a book in the Ming Dynasty that said, "He who gets his treasure is safe, and he who is healthy is also." "Baoan" has its own name in history and has auspicious meaning.

This "Baoshan" is located in Zhangmutou Town, Dongguan City. There is a book in the Song Dynasty: Bao 'an is famous for its "treasure in the mountains and silver in the stone urn field." Therefore, this "treasure" is actually a silver mine.

As a county name, "Baoan" has a history of 1670 years from the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 33 1 year. In 33 1 year, a county was established in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which governed six counties, including Shenzhen, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, parts of Dongguan, southern Panyu County and Zhongshan City. This is the beginning of the establishment of county and county-level administrative institutions in Shenzhen, and it is also the beginning of Shenzhen's urban history.

Since the mid-Tang Dynasty, Shenzhen has been subordinate to Dongguan County. After all, it is far away and beyond the scope of governance. Shenzhen and Hong Kong were often harassed by Japanese pirates, especially after the mid-Ming Dynasty. So, at the proposal of gentry in Nantou, with the support and planning of Liu Wen, the deputy envoy of Guangdong, in the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1573), "Xin 'an County" was built in the hometown of Baoan. From "seeking safety through treasure" to "seeking safety through danger", we can see the living environment and ideals of the people.

19 14, due to the reorganization of the national administrative divisions, Xin' an County of Guangdong Province has the same name as Xin' an County of Henan Province, so it was changed back to "Baoan". 1 99365438+1October1,Baoan was divided into districts from the county, and Baoan and Longgang districts were established, which were directly under the jurisdiction of Shenzhen.

"swords and guns are put in storage, and horses are put in Nanshan."

"Nanshan" has Nanshan, with an altitude of 336 meters. At the foot of the northern mountain, the sea is in front of the village, and the rice fields are behind the village. Historically, it was a land of plenty. Nanshan District is named after Nanshan, and its artistic conception is remote, which always reminds people of two famous sentences of Tao Yuanming.

But this area is not independent in history, especially its predecessor "Nantou", as the center of ancient civilization in Shenzhen, has experienced too many wars.

During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Southern Dynasties, Nantou was the political, economic and cultural center of southeastern Guangdong. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, commerce has flourished. In order to get in and out of Guangzhou, large ocean-going ships have to bypass Lantau Island and enter the Pearl River via Nantou and Humen. Therefore, Nantou has become the throat of Guangzhou's external traffic channel. It can be seen that Nantou's important position at that time was equivalent to the "Cape of Good Hope".

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the coastal defense was strengthened and a garrison was built here. In A.D. 1565, in the face of increasing harassment by Japanese aggressors and pirates, six water villages were established in Guangdong, and the naval headquarters was located in Nantou Water Village. In order to predict the enemy's situation, a smoke pier (also known as beacon tower) was built on the top of Xiaonan Mountain in Chiwan as the eyes and ears of Nantou Water Village. In case of enemy situation, smoke during the day and call the police with fire at night. Nanshan Yandun site still exists.

The piety of "being blessed in the field"

Futian District was named after Futian Village, which existed in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty.

The origin of the name "Futian" is related to the ancestors of Shangsha Village in Huangjintang. During the Southern Song Dynasty (1 192), Huang, the fourth son of Golden Hall, moved to the southern edge of Songzi and led his children and grandchildren to reclaim land. Later, he was very happy to see that the crops were as green as paintings. These two words express the character and good wishes of Shenzhen ancestors engaged in agriculture.

Futian District, formerly known as Shangbu Management District, still has the road name "Shangbu". "If you can't get up, it's not good to get down" (Shangbu District, Xiabu Temple). Many people who come to Shenzhen for the first time will laugh for a long time: "It's like riding on the back of a tiger!"

"Port", commonly known as "port", refers to "land and water wharf", which is used for place names, related to the ancient Vietnamese language and limited to southern China. In addition, the village is located in the north of Shenzhen River, above the river, hence the name "Shangbu". I can imagine the scenery of boating on the water here hundreds of years ago.

Luohu Mountain in ancient Vietnam

Today's bustling Luohu District is named after Luohu Village, which existed in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.

Mr. Rong of Shenzhen Museum told the reporter that the word "Luo" in Luohu Village originated from the ancient Vietnamese language, which is the name of the mountain in the ancient Zhuang language and the Dong language. Mountain names with the word "Luo" are the legacy of Baiyue people in ancient times, such as "Luofu Mountain", which is found in Boluo, Dianbai, Xingning and Pingyuan in Guangdong, Qinzhou and Fangcheng in Guangxi. Therefore, it can be inferred that "Luohu" in Shenzhen is the name of the mountain, and it is named "Luohu Village" because of its low terrain and numerous lakes and ponds around it.

At the beginning of the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Luohu Mountain was leveled, and the mountain soil was used to raise the Luohu lowland. It is said that this has increased the ground of Luohu lowland by 1 m!

The beautiful legend of dragon and phoenix becoming auspicious

Longgang has dragons and immortals.

There is also a beautiful legend about Longgang: in ancient times, a beautiful fairy came here after she came down to earth. The dragon in the sky "cherishes fragrance and jade" all day long to protect the safety of beautiful women, but she never changed her original intention and finally turned into a mountain.

Legend belongs to legend, but the shape of the hill here is really like a Wolong, which is why "Longgang" is named. In Dongguan in the west, there is a place name "Fenggang", which echoes Longgang from a distance and means dragon and phoenix.

In 33 1 year, Dongguan County was established in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Longgang was under the jurisdiction of Baoan County. During the Republic of China, Longgang became the jurisdiction of Huiyang County; 1958 1 1 is under the jurisdiction of Baoan county; 1986 was renamed long gang zhen, 1 993 65438+1October1,and changed to Longgang district.

Dapeng ancients boiled "sea" for salt.

"Yantian" is a place name evolved from industrial economy. The name of Yantian District comes from the old Yantian village on the eastern coast of Shenzhen. Shenzhen is located on the coast of the South China Sea. The ancestors "ate the sea for food", opened salt fields on the vast seashore and cooked salt for a living.

Ancient Shenzhen residents needed seawater to make "cooked salt". The common methods for making seawater are as follows:

First, dig a deep pit on the beach by the sea, and lay "special" earth bricks on the bottom and walls of the pit-a kind of "tough cooked mud" mixed with straw and trampled by cattle feet, and fill in the joints of the bricks to prevent leakage. Put bamboo and wood across the pithead, spread reed mats, then sweep up the surface sand soaked in seawater in the saltworks and spread it in the sun, pile it on the reed mats at the pithead, and water it with Shanghai water. Who knew the salt on the plate was hard?

Ancient Shenzhen was famous for producing salt. As early as the Han Dynasty, the salt production here was brought into national management. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, salt production reached its peak, and official salt revenue became an important financial source for the government. At that time, some people said that "the salt in the world is beneficial to half", and the salt industry has a very important position in the history of Shenzhen.

The hard work of the salt people has brought great benefits to the government, but the life of the salt people is extremely difficult. The government's profiteering, exploitation and squeezing aroused the resistance of salt people, and the phenomenon of making and selling salt increased day by day, which intensified social contradictions. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the government banned salt people from cooking and selling salt, which triggered a large-scale armed uprising of salt people. The salt people led by Gordon once repelled the government forces from attacking Guangzhou, but failed because they were outnumbered.

Dapeng fortress

In the Dapeng Peninsula in the east of Shenzhen, there is a "Dapeng Lock City" built in the Ming Dynasty. This is also the origin of Shenzhen referred to as "Pengcheng".

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the coast of Guangdong was ravaged by Japanese pirates, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, ordered the construction of "Dapeng thousand houses guarding the city". In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1394), Zhang Bin, a thousand households in Zuo Wei, laid the first brick in Dapeng Peninsula. Soon, an impregnable Dapeng City appeared at the foot of Dapeng Ridge.

At that time, there were thousands of defenders in Dapeng City, who were developing the coast and opening up wasteland to protect the country. It also opened up two martial arts cities, East and West, commonly known as the East-West Teaching Field.

During the reign of Kangxi, Jin's Annals of Xin 'an County proudly recorded that "Dapeng is the crown of the coast". Dapeng City, as a military fortress of Lingnan coastal defense in Ming and Qing Dynasties, covers an area of about 1, 654,38+0,000 square meters. It has resisted Japanese pirates, fought Portuguese colonists, prepared for two opium wars, and has a history of resisting foreign aggression for more than 600 years.

A few years later, Pengcheng Shenzhen miraculously appeared in the place where Dapeng's city was gradually abandoned. ...