What are the origins of Chaoshan dialect and Minnan dialect?

Most of the Han people in Chaoshan migrated to the south from the Central Plains via Fujian. The large-scale southward migration of Han people began in 224 BC, that is, in the 30th year of Qin Shihuang, when Tu Youyou led his troops into Wuling. Since then, the Central Plains has experienced several wars, such as the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty, and Wu and Yue people flooded into Fujian to avoid the war. The Jin Dynasty was divided, and the "Eight Kings Rebellion" lasted for sixteen years, followed by the "Five Tigers Rebellion" and "Five Dynasties and Sixteen Countries" that lasted for a hundred years, and a large number of Han people fled south from the Central Plains. Many immigrants settled in Fujian and moved to Chaoshan. We might as well look at the genealogy of the Chaoshan family. Their ancestors entered Chaoshan from Fujian everywhere. For example, one of the top seven sages in Chaoshan was the king of Fujian in the late Tang Dynasty and the early Five Dynasties. Wang's great-grandson Wang Tan moved from Quanzhou to Zhangpu, then to Raoping, and finally to Haiyang. Shantou suburb? According to records, Weng Chengzan, the distant ancestor of Puweng's family, once painted the king of Fujian. Weng Chengzan's grandchildren, Weng Jun and Weng Jie, said, "Come and stay in Chaoshan, Jianshan and Jieju? Pu ". Xue Kan, a hipster in Ming Dynasty, was born in Lan Xue, and also a "native of Fujian". At the end of Song Dynasty, he "began to move to Korea". The epitaph of Weng Shangshu contains: Weng Wanda, a native of Putian, Fujian, is a famous hero. Li Jiang moved to the village. Lin's Genealogy in Xiandu is also recorded, and the champion is also from Putian, Fujian. A few years ago, there was another saying about Chaozhou's migration and dialect distribution, saying that Chenghai had no guests (Hakkas) and Tai Po had no blessings (Fulao people), because people from other places often called Chaoshan dialect "Fulao dialect". The word "Fulao" is used to refer to the descendants of the Han nationality in the Central Plains who migrated from Fujian, which is different from the original aborigines in Chaoshan. Later, the ethnic minorities in Chaoshan area gradually sinicized, and "Fulao" was taken as a general term for hipsters. Hakkas spread from Jiangxi and southwest mountainous areas of Fujian to mountainous areas of Fujian and Guangdong. When the Hakkas moved south, they were already called "customers" in various settlements.

Due to the long-term staggered migration of Hakka and Chaoshan people, among the original nine counties in Chaoshan area (including Fengshun and Tai Po), only Chenghai does not speak Hakka, dapu county does not speak chaozhou people's Fulao dialect, and other counties are fashionable and Hakka. In the old days, Chaozhou Prefecture belonged to nine counties, and Chaozhou dialect in each county had its own characteristics. There are some vowels in Fucheng dialect, such as ie, ieng and ueng. For example, "key" is pronounced as gieng, and "commissioner" is pronounced as zueng and ueng. To outsiders, Fucheng dialect is "soft language", similar to "soft language of Wu Nong". Chenghaicheng dialect, adjacent to Chaozhou, is characterized by no closed rhyme. Heart and new, forest and neighbor, invasion, Qin, greed and wolf, brocade and tightness are homonyms, and foreigners like to use "salty, sweet and sour". To the west of Chaozhou is Jieyang. The phonetic features of Jieyang people are that there are no vowels of ing and eng, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei are indistinguishable, truth and essence are integrated, "cause" and "English", "God" and "Cheng", "Su" and "Qi", "Yi" and "Yi" are homonyms, and Jieyang people speak. It was also called "the clock". Of course, the biggest difference from Chaozhou dialect is Chaoyang dialect. This shows that the ancestors of Chaoyang people may have different phonetic features from those of Chaozhou, Chengdu and Rao in terms of migration route, source and time. Therefore, as the saying goes, "Chaozhou nine counties have their own words."