About montage

This is a very old form of montage. In the process of film story development, two or three things with the same content but different forms of expression are carried out in parallel in different places at the same time, but they echo and relate to each other, playing the role of mutual promotion and encouragement. This method is called parallel montage. For example, in the movie Dong Cunrui, Dong Cunrui and Zhi Zhenbiao went to Wang Ping, secretary of the county party committee of the Eighth Route Army, and the company commander, respectively, and asked to join the army, which was a parallel montage. This artistic technique of parallel development is common in China's classical novels.

(B) contrast montage

The contrast between rich and poor, strong and weak, civilization and rudeness, greatness and smallness, progress and backwardness is common in movies. This is also a very old form of montage. As early as the19th century, film pioneers used this contrast to show the disparity and opposition between the rich and the poor.

This artistic technique can also be seen everywhere in China's classical poems. For example, in Du Fu's poems, there are poems such as "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the bones on the road freeze to death", "The high-powered officials hate wine and meat, and this generation is empty" and "The rich kitchen stinks, and the battlefield is white".

There are many such contrasting montages in China's excellent film "A River Flows East". For example, Zhang Zhongliang and IDA wong danced in Chongqing, and Japanese soldiers and riding boots trampled on the overlapping feet of the motherland; A girl leads a blind old man to sing in the street, compared with rich people having fun in tall buildings. This montage can even become the main structural method of drama, such as Xia Yan's screenplay Four Hours in Shanghai, which is a successful example.

Balaz, a Hungarian film theorist, once talked about the montage of contrast in film aesthetics: "A visual juxtaposition phenomenon creates a contrast in our thoughts. Repeated juxtaposition forces us to compare the two. "

(3) Cross montage

This editing method is to cross-splice two kinds of actions that occur in different spaces at the same time, forming a tense atmosphere and a strong sense of rhythm, resulting in thrilling dramatic effects. For example, Griffith's Last Minute Rescue.

A recurring montage

From the content to the nature of the lens picture, it appears repeatedly, which is the so-called circular montage. This montage always appears at the critical moment of the plot development, which is intended to strengthen the theme of the film or show the turning point in different historical periods. However, the repeated scenes must be on the action lines of key people. Only in this way can we highlight the theme and infect the audience. This composition method is a recurring montage. For example, the globe appears repeatedly in The Country Woman Teacher, which represents the turning point in different historical periods. For example, the three appearances of No.26 in the film "The Sixth Column" were at the critical moment of plot development, accompanied by the appearance of the main characters, which played a role in stimulating the audience's association and highlighting the plot, events and characters. These are all recurring montages.

(5) accumulation of basic montage

This editing method is to cut pictures with the same nature but different themes and images into a set of montage clips with different lengths, intense atmosphere and strong rhythm according to different action and modeling characteristics. For example, aircraft, artillery, machine guns and other weapons in war movies are assembled alternately and repeatedly, creating an atmosphere that is about to attack enemy positions.

(6) It is called plate montage.

This structural method can connect the preceding with the following in the feature film, echoing up and down, and the rhythm is bright, just like the challenge in Beijing opera. As the saying goes? Quot speak of the devil and he will arrive. "For example, in the domestic movie" Today is My Rest Day ",the lover of the public security bureau chief who cares about Ma's private life enthusiastically took Liu Lin and rushed to Ma's residence. When he opened the door, he didn't see anyone: "huh?" Where did Ma Tianmin go? Then there is the scene of horses doing good things for the masses in the park.

(7) Lenovo montage

With some completely different lens images, they are connected one after another to produce a meaning, which makes people speculate on the nature of this meaning. This editing method is called associative montage. For example, the scene of a group of workers working hard in different scenes is linked with the scene of a group of workers starving and freezing, reminding people that this extremely unreasonable social phenomenon is caused by the cruel exploitation of capitalists.

(8) Metaphorical montage

According to the development and needs of the plot, the composition method of directly explaining the theme of the film and the ideological activities of the characters by using the scene lens is metaphorical montage. For example, scenes with different contents or pictures with similar compositions set off or guide the characters or themes that will appear, so as to achieve the artistic effect of describing the feelings of the characters and expressing the theme of the film.

For example, in the famous classic "Battleship potemkin" in film history, Eisenstein quickly connected the lens groups of three stone lions with different postures at the climax of the film, forming the image of "roaring stone lions", which made the film emotionally infectious and reached its climax. First, the stone lion lying down, then the stone lion looking up, and finally the stone lion leaping and roaring with its front feet. This metaphorical montage contains all the implications that people's anger against the brutal czar system has reached an unbearable level. In addition, there are many metaphorical shots that almost become formulas, such as the red flag symbolizing revolution, the pine tree symbolizing perseverance, the melting of glaciers symbolizing spring or rebirth, and the flowers symbolizing happiness.

(9) illusion montage

This composition method first deliberately lets the audience guess the inevitability of the plot development. However, at the critical moment, a 180 degree turn suddenly came, and the lens connected below was not what people expected. For example, Chaplin filmed a scene in the movie "Immigration" on 19 17:

A ship rocked so badly that all the passengers got seasick. They covered their mouths with their hands and staggered to the boat. Then, the audience saw a man carrying everyone, hanging upside down on the railing and kicking around. So, the audience thought he was vomiting. Suddenly, he stood straight and turned around. It turned out that he caught a big fish with a cane. This is an illusion montage. This artistic effect is unique to film art.

(10) Extension and Centralized Montage

From close-up to distant view, let the audience see the whole from the details and create a specific atmosphere, which is the extended montage; Then from the perspective to the close-up of details, this is the concentrated montage. These two montages are just as Soviet film director Jutkovics said: The former is a regressive montage sentence, and the latter is a progressive montage sentence. The combination of the two is not only a circular montage sentence, but also an enlarged and concentrated montage. (Look at the man on the screen)

(1 1) Narrative and Reverse Narrative Montage

This expression is used to describe past events and future imagination. For example, images of past and future scenes such as overprint, memory, fantasy, dream and imagination in movies.

For example, Yang Yuxiang's Dream from Heaven. But this montage is too real in the film and the effect is not good. It is not as skillful as Qiang Ying's dream in Xi Ying Men, but it can convey the mood and emotion of the characters.