How can cities eliminate poverty?

The urban poverty in China is a poverty with high economic development, which cannot be eliminated naturally by economic growth alone. It is necessary to provide the poor with equal opportunities to participate in social and economic activities in order to improve their ability to meet the challenges of the market economy.

China needs to take effective actions to help the poor get rid of their predicament and restore their normal employment and income. In the long run, we will eventually create economic, social and cultural conditions to reduce poverty by developing the economy and implementing a fairer distribution system.

To build a well-off society in an all-round way and achieve prosperity in China, we must follow the principle of social care, provide basic living security for people in need, adhere to social equity, give consideration to the interests of all social strata, give necessary compensation to those groups whose interests have suffered during the economic and social transformation, and let all social members share the fruits of economic and social development fairly.

In order to prevent poor people from relying too much on government and social welfare assistance, urban anti-poverty actions must adhere to the principle of efficiency, make effective use of various resources, and focus on encouraging and helping poor people overcome difficulties by mobilizing their own potential.

The minimum living security system for urban residents is a successful measure in China. In order to play a greater role in urban anti-poverty, a more standardized evaluation system must be established to measure the impact of relevant policies on residents' income, health, education and re-employment ability.

Civil servants' experience in answering questions-for eliminating urban poverty.

The income of low-income people in cities and towns in China generally comes from wages. If there is unemployment or the unit benefit is not good, there will be poverty. China is building a well-off society in an all-round way. I believe that with the continuous development of China's economy, this phenomenon will gradually disappear.

② For residents who have no source of livelihood and no ability to work, they can be improved through the continuous improvement of the social security system;

(3) For laid-off workers, while being included in the social security system, skills training courses can be held according to their age, knowledge level and social needs to increase their social competitiveness and improve their own quality. It is necessary to strengthen guidance, do a good job in public opinion propaganda, and call on the poor people to strive for self-improvement and be brave in starting businesses. Through the introduction of various preferential policies of the government, it also provides more entrepreneurial opportunities for the unemployed.

④ Intensify the reform of state-owned enterprises and improve economic benefits.

(5) attract investment, create more employment space, and let more people take up their jobs.

⑥ Supervise the implementation and improve the minimum living guarantee payment for urban residents.

China's Experience in Eliminating Poverty

China's great achievements in economic growth and poverty eradication mainly come from the following three factors: First, the market-oriented reform of the economic system. 1978 China's reform is not only bottom-up, but also based on market exchange. Market exchange (economy) liberates the productive forces, because it fundamentally changes the purpose of people's production, that is, it changes the production activities that satisfy their own consumption into those that satisfy others' consumption. Compared with their own limited consumption demand, others' consumption is almost unlimited, so the market economy has a great function of liberating productive forces.

Second, a positive policy of opening to the outside world. China's opening to the outside world has produced at least the following effects: First, the effect of system reform, that is, opening to the outside world has the effect of promoting internal system reform. China's original economic laws and regulations were formulated to adapt to the entry of foreign capital, and China's choice of economic system reform objectives was gradually clear under the environment of opening to the outside world. China's accession to the WTO has played a great role in promoting the transformation of government functions and comprehensively enhancing the basic role of market mechanism in social and economic activities. The second is the economic growth effect, which plays a role through a large inflow of foreign capital and a large increase in exports. At present, China is the country that receives the most foreign direct investment from developing countries, from almost zero in 1978 to $52 billion in 2002, accounting for about 5% of GDP. China's strong exports have also made great contributions to economic growth. Not only has the total amount increased rapidly, but the structure has become more and more reasonable. The proportion of manufactured goods exports in total exports has risen rapidly from 53% of 198 1 to more than 90% of 200 1. Third, the income growth effect. Income growth first comes from economic growth, but international capital inflows have played a very important role in the income growth of China residents. According to the estimation of Booth School of Business of University of Chicago, the average annual rate of return of global financial capital is about 6%, and the average annual rate of return of industrial capital is less than 10%. However, since the 1980s, the rate of return on human capital has doubled, which means that the main beneficiaries of foreign capital flowing into China are not multinational companies and foreign investors, but China workers employed in foreign-funded enterprises in China, especially those white-collar workers who have been trained in human capital. Therefore, it is not accurate to say that the entry of multinational companies into China leads to the cheap use of China's labor force, which leads to foreign investment benefiting more than China.

Third, a lot of social investment. Sustainable economic growth requires sustained social investment. In this regard, the most outstanding work that China has done is to greatly narrow the digital gap with developed countries. 1990, there were only 6 telephone mainframes per thousand people in China, but in 2006, it was 5438+0, which increased sharply to 137. 1990, almost no one in China owned a mobile phone, but by 200 1 year, there were 1 10 people per thousand people. 1990, most people in China didn't know what the internet was. By 200 1, 26% of China people have become Internet users. Although the China government spends little on public education, the literacy rate of the population in China is as high as 84%. The above data show that China has done better in knowledge education and knowledge dissemination than most developing countries. Because of this, China has experienced an economic miracle after the reform and opening-up, and the poverty problem has been obviously alleviated and managed.

The future orientation of policy mix

In order to consolidate the achievements made in poverty eradication and finally eliminate the poverty problem, we must seriously solve the above three problems that are easy to lead to new poverty. Specifically, in order to solve these three problems, we generally need the following policy mix:

First of all, it is necessary to further deepen the reform of the economic system, and on the premise of promoting the transformation of government functions, make entrepreneurs' intelligence not be used for power and money transactions, but for various innovative activities, so as to avoid unfair income distribution brought about by power and money transactions, increase national output and employment opportunities of the whole society through entrepreneurs' productive innovative activities, and create a good social and economic premise for achieving fair growth.

Secondly, we should break monopoly and encourage competition. The history of the development of market economy tells us that under the market economy environment, there is no commanding height industry in a country that must be monopolized by a certain government department. The government's responsibility should be to encourage competition and correct market failure, rather than making use of privileges to make profits or building a market structure that is not conducive to free competition of enterprises. In order to prevent market monopoly from continuing, it is time to formulate anti-monopoly laws and regulations in time.

Thirdly, it is necessary to deeply reflect on the economic development strategy, especially the industrial policy and industrial structure. In order to make economic growth meaningful and really bring benefits or welfare to the people, we must shift the basic point of economic growth to the track of increasing employment and labor income, and we must insist on giving priority to the development of labor-intensive industries. In fact, given the huge stock of labor factors in China, giving priority to the development of labor-intensive industries can not only increase employment, but also bring more large-scale output, because it organizes unemployed labor into social production activities that can create wealth.

Fourth, to fundamentally eliminate the income distribution gap between urban and rural areas, the key is to let farmers embark on the road of industrialization and urbanization, rather than locking farmers in the limited land in rural areas. We can make further efforts in several aspects: opening the rural land circulation market as soon as possible, so that more rural residents can enter the urban economy as investors instead of migrant workers; Increase investment in rural public education and public health, improve the cultural level and health quality of rural residents, and thus improve their competitiveness and productivity in participating in large-scale industrial activities in cities; The central government gives tax subsidies to cities that absorb rural population on a large scale (such as immigration tax rebate system) to overcome the tendency of cities, especially those in the eastern region, to want migrant workers instead of immigrants.

Finally, in order to solve the problem of excessive regional income distribution gap since the reform and opening up, the measures we can take can be the spatial reorganization of population, that is, by encouraging immigrants to complete the necessary transfer of population from the western region to the eastern region. Due to economies of scale and scope, industrial production usually needs to gather in space in order to carry out division of labor and enjoy social infrastructure. Under the influence of international trade and economic geography, industrial activities are increasingly transferred and concentrated to coastal areas of various countries. Therefore, it is impossible for a country to achieve balanced economic growth in the era of industrialization and globalization. In this case, in order to avoid the geographical concentration of economic activities leading to the widening of the income distribution gap between regions, it is only necessary to let the factors flow, because the factors flow can lead to the equalization of factor prices, so that workers living in different places can get almost equal wage income. Therefore, it is very simple to solve the problem of widening income distribution gap between regions in China, that is, to actively create an institutional and social environment that allows the free flow of labor across regions.

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