Where did the Hakkas move from?

Hakka's roots are in the Han nationality.

Traditionally, the source of Hakka is Heluo. The so-called Heluo refers to the Yellow River and the Luohe River. Broadly speaking, Heluo is the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the Luohe River Basin. The narrow sense of Heluo is Luoyang. There are three bases for "taking root in Heluo": ① According to genealogy records, many Hakka genealogies record that ancestors lived in Heluo. (2) the legend of mount tai Shi Gandang. ③ Hakka classical Chinese; It's a kind of Mandarin, much like Henan dialect in Zhongzhou. Rooting in Heluo does not mean that all Hakkas are Heluo people, but its scope should include the central plains hometown south of the Yellow River, north of the Yangtze River, east of the Hanshui River basin and west of the Huaihe River, with its core in Heluo.

2. Reasons for migration

The migration of Hakkas includes the southward migration of their ancestors and the domestic and international migration of Hakkas. As far as migration behavior is concerned, there are active and passive points, and the reasons for migration are different in different periods according to the history of migration process. Generally speaking, there are four aspects of various migration factors:

A. factors related to emigration, that is, push factors.

① The reverse development of cultivated land area and population is the fundamental factor that often plays a role.

2 War. The brutal war turned prosperous cities and wealthy villages into ruins, and millions of people were killed in the war. In order to seek a stable social environment, survivors were forced to leave their homes and migrate to various places, which is the root cause of large-scale sudden migration.

(3) Formal relocation and resettlement.

4 reading and doing business.

(5) Struggle, including political struggle and economic struggle.

B. Factors related to the relocation site, namely "pulling force".

The north develops early and the south develops late. The south has a vast territory, a small population and few wars, which has good conditions for the Han people who moved south to settle down and develop agriculture. For example, in Meizhou, Guangdong Province in the Southern Song Dynasty, "the land is barren and the people are lazy, but the farmers are fresh, and the residents and overseas Chinese cultivate, so the elderly do not suffer from no fields, and every field does not waste labor." In addition, during the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Baiyue area in the south implemented the policy of "no tax". For Han Chinese who fled to the north, it can be described as "Xanadu [font color=black]" and settled in Jiangnan and Lingnan areas.

C. Factors related to intervention barriers, namely "intermediary factors".

Hakka ancestors migrated from Heluo and Zhongyuan to Jiangnan and Lingnan areas. Although the traffic conditions are extremely difficult, there is no way out. Since the Qin dynasty, there have been post roads; There have been canals and waterways since Sui Dynasty, especially Southeast Road and Lingnan Road. Since the Song Dynasty, there has been "Tompu" and so on.

The southeast road is dominated by the Grand Canal, connecting Guanzhong, Huainan and Southeast, and extending to Jiangxi, Fujian and other places. There are four ways to enter Lingnan: first, enter Hunan from Jingxiang Road and enter the Pearl River Delta via Xiangshui, Lingqu, Gui Jiang and Xijiang; First, from Dayue Gengling, Hunan, along Zhenjiang and Beijiang; First, starting from the Yangtze River and Ganjiang River, Gengling Mountain goes south along Zhenjiang and Beijiang River; One is from Fuzhou to the southwest coast of Guangdong. Smooth roads provided convenient traffic conditions for Hakka ancestors to move south in past dynasties.

The reclamation of land by feudal governments, such as "moving the sea to restore the boundary" in the 23rd year of Kangxi, and "Huguang filling Sichuan" in the 5th year of Kangxi1year, also provided opportunities and conditions for the Hakkas to migrate again.

D factors related to personal psychology and physiology, namely "self-reasons".

Floating population is a person with special personality, not an ordinary migrant population, which is reflected in the spirit of adventure and dissatisfaction with the status quo, which is closely related to personal factors. For example, the essence of calling short people "the last generation".