Qu Yu-mi in Hundred Family Names

This article is forwarded to friends who inquire about the culture of ancient surnames, from which we can realize the benefits of reading and searching.

The ancestors of Wanghai Qu Jia probably moved into Jiyoucun, Zhuyouguan Town, Longkou City. According to the Qushi Genealogy compiled by Qu Yisheng and Qu in the ninth year of the Republic of China, in the eighth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, three brothers,, and Qujiang emigrated from Yunnan to Shandong, living in Penglai, Huangxian and Qujiang in Ninghai. The descendants of flexion and extension are the ancestors. From this, it can be proved that if the ancestors of Haiqujia Village expected by Wanli came from Huangxian County, it must be a branch of Qu Wei.

According to another research, the word generation of Shandong Wendeng Qushi: "Chang Zhicheng, Hong. Yao is brilliant, with a long history of benevolence, righteousness and morality. " This statement does not apply to Wang Hai's composer, and the details need to be verified. The Family Tree of Qushi in Donglai revised by Xuantong Yuan can also prove that a considerable part of Qushi in China originated from lay people. In this genealogy revised by Qu Zijia's family, the section of "Qu's Examination" records: "The ancient legend (Qu's family) is the descendant of Ju's family. The ancestor Yuan Ying was appointed as the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty. He lives in Huangxian County in the north of Weng Zhong, and his epitaph still exists. The surname of the distressed family is relatively hidden, and the surname easily flows into the soil, which becomes a song. Although there is no evidence in the cloud, ancient ancestors have made detailed statements in the past. " It is said that the distant ancestor of Qu family is one of the three official positions in the imperial court. Because of his misfortune, the official took refuge in another country and easily bowed his head. Although the legend can't be verified, it was handed down from generation to generation by our ancestors. It should be based on certain facts, not nonsense. The author believes that the name of the senior official who was demoted to the palace described in the genealogy of Qushi in Donglai is Jutan, which is the high-ranking minister of the Western Han Dynasty recorded in historical records. After Ju Tan changed his surname to Qu, Qu has been thriving in the northwest. With the continuous growth and final decline of the family, surnames have been evolving along the tortuous structure of "Ju-Qu-Qu". For example, Qu, who lived in the early Tang Dynasty, is recorded as "Qu" or "Qu" in some historical books, which shows that Qu's surname has just completed the evolution from Qu to Qu in the early Tang Dynasty. The surname of Qu was first abbreviated as "Qu" in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. From the epitaph of Qu unearthed in Luoyang, Henan Province, it can be seen that in the second year of Tang Huichang (AD 842), some Qu surnames followed the evolution order of "Qu-Qu-Qu", which was abbreviated as "Qu" at first, and this evolution of the glyph limited to surnames was finally completed at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. Imagine, otherwise, where is the famous and huge Qu family in history?

In history, Gu changed his surname to Qu twice. For the first time, kiku's descendants changed kiku to Qu. Jutan, the official secretary of Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, was about the eighth grandson of Juwu, and was a descendant of Juwu who took refuge in Runan because of the Qin Emperor. In the second year of Jianping in the Western Han Dynasty, Ju Qin was demoted because of the incident of "Dongping Wang Xuanshan standing a stone", and led his son Ju Lu to "take refuge in Huangzhong, live in Xiping and change his surname to Qu". According to Yuanhe's canon, raising the altar is the official rank of Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty. This official order is the official position in charge of the emperor's memorial in the "Nine Qing Dynasties" and is a close minister of the emperor. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, he was equivalent to the prime minister, ranking third in order to suppress power. Three years after Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty built Jianping, something happened: In the fief of King Dongping, "a big stone stood across the mountain, nine feet six inches high, and moved ten feet away from the original site, which was heard far and near and shook for a while." King Dongping thought this was not a good omen, so he built a mountain in the shape of a mountain in his palace, set up a stone statue and inserted yellow grass to pray at any time. This matter was known by two hypocrites who were "waiting to be called" in Beijing. One was called Xifugong, and the other was called Sun Chong. They took this opportunity to "make trouble for the sake of sealing Hou", so they wrote to Emperor Ai of Han, saying that "the palace is neutral and only destroys the imperial court, so it is impossible to wait, but it is up to Huo Xian to change to Jing Ke" to entrust Chang Shi to give the letter to Emperor Ai of Han. The phrase "Jing Ke's change, its change" stung Aidi, so he decided to abolish it and all other participants were put to death; Ting Wei was in a good mood, and Shang Shu ordered the altar to be lifted, and the servant Zong Bofeng urged him to play. "Because there is no truth, I should order the public official to restore it." In a rage, Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty was sentenced to "I don't know how to hate and seek a thief, but I would like to wait and see, and the crime should be equal" and was dismissed for the people. Ju Tan and his son Juguan (Menhe+Hui, the same generation) took refuge and fled to Xiping, Liangzhou (formerly known as Xining City) and changed their surnames to Qu. This is the origin of "Juqu Tongzong" recorded in Yuan He Xing Bian. In the following 500 years, the descendants of Jutan made great progress in Jincheng (now Lanzhou) and Xiping (now Xining) and became local giants. Famous warriors such as Quyi, Qu Yan and Qu Yun appeared, and the noble one was Qu Jia, king of Gao Changguo (according to the genealogy, Qu Jia was the fourteenth grandson of Qu Lu). According to the records in the History of the Three Kingdoms (the History of the Three Kingdoms is only slightly mentioned, and Wang Wei's remnant biography is a true biography), at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was an expert in Quyi under Yuan Shao's account who was as famous as Yan Qiu of Hebei Province. He not only helped Yuan Shao to defeat Han Fu and win Jizhou (now Jixian County, Hebei Province), but also applied the tactics of "cutting off the horse's legs" of Liangzhou Qiang people to the "Battle of the Boundary Bridge" and defeated Gongsun Zan, which made great contributions to Yuan Shao. Later, he was killed by Yuan Shao because of his pride. Around 200 AD, the descendants of kiku, Xiping, Refraction and Qumo revolted against Cao Cao in Liangzhou and killed the chief. They often lead troops in Xiping and Jincheng to compete with Cao Cao with Han Sui and Ma Chaoyao. Later, due to internal division, Qu Yan colluded with Chiang Kai-shek, trapped and killed Han Sui, and surrendered to Cao Cao. Qu Yun, commander-in-chief of the Western Jin Dynasty, is also a descendant of Ju Tan. In 300 AD, Qute, who was then the secretariat of Yongzhou in the Western Jin Dynasty, and Chang Qu, the satrap of Beidi County (Qingyang, Gansu Province), fought against Liu Yao, the governor of Liu Cong in the Han Dynasty (pre-Zhao Dynasty) for many times, and won the trust of Di Chin for their outstanding achievements. Qu Yun is a famous family in Jincheng, and there is a folk proverb in Xizhou, "You can't count your cattle and sheep". Its power and wealth can be seen from the statement that there are Zhumen in the south and brothels in the north. In the Tang Dynasty, a branch of the Qu family moved from Liangzhou to Xing Wu, Jiangsu Province, and now the Qu family in Taiwan Province Province is expected to leave Xing Wu. According to the Book of the Tang Dynasty, Qu Xinling, the king of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty, looked beyond Xing Wu and was kind to the policy. When there is drought, people pray for rain and build shrines for it. Bai Juyi wrote Qin Zhongyin for this purpose. Some couplets say,' pray for nectar, gather righteousness to make poems, and benefit politics; The world is expensive, and Xizhou is declared in Zhumen' ". This confirmed that Xing Wu's surname Qu came from Liangzhou Qu. Qu's surname later evolved into two parts. First, it followed the surname of Qu, which was gradually simplified to Qu in the middle and late Tang Dynasty or after the Southern Song Dynasty, and became an important source of modern Qu. The name of Shandong "Drama Family" came from this. Secondly, a small number of people restored their original surnames, such as the ancestors of Juxian from Donglai in the 4th century and Zhang Ju in the 5th century. What is certain is that the inscription on the epitaph of the Five Dynasties Juyan unearthed in Ji Ye, Huangxian County is called "Xiping County".

Second change of surname. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the descendants of Juyan wrote to impeach the traitor Zhang Biao and avenge the foreigners. The layman was forced to change his surname and attached to Qu, but it was still recorded as Ju in the genealogy. The so-called "bow dead and bend alive" restored his surname during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty.

The exact data of the ancestors of Wanghai Qufu can be traced back to a branch of Qu Wei in Huangxian County, Shandong Province, and further back, it may be the Jutan vein in the Eastern Han Dynasty. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the surname Ju gradually evolved into the third surname Qu Qu. If a small number of Qu surnames are added, the descendants of Wang Hai's Qu family may be the same ancestor as the damn surnames.

Excerpts from Qu Beiyan, A Textual Research on the Ancestors of Qu Family in Wanghai and A Textual Research on the Origin of Qu Family.