What are Japanese people like in real life?

In the northeast, if you don't deliberately track history, Japan doesn't have much sense of existence, but if you take the initiative to look for it, you will find traces of Japan everywhere.

When writing this theme, I remembered that there were things about Japan around me.

My great-uncle and my grandmother's brother adopted a Japanese orphan and a girl. When I was a child, I went to his house and saw the picture of the little girl in the frame on the cupboard.

I remember whether she was standing alone, leaning against the tree or holding the tree. I can't remember the specific posture and appearance clearly. The Japanese girl later left China.

I heard from my family that she will send money to my great-uncle when she returns to Japan.

Stills of TV series "Little Aunt and Crane"

About Japanese orphans, there is a TV series about it, starring Sun Li, called Little Aunt Duohe.

According to statistics, there are about 5,000 orphans in China after the Japanese army retreated.

Most of these orphans are descendants of the so-called "Japanese Pioneering Group", that is, nearly 200,000 Japanese immigrants to the Northeast.

According to the plan, it will take Japan 20 years to immigrate 5 million people to the Northeast.

20 years! 5 million people!

I really can't imagine what our modern history would be like if Japan wasn't so greedy and tried to annex the whole of East Asia, when some countries had recognized the puppet Manchukuo.

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Japan is really aggressive in the northeast, which is the most intuitive in the construction of the northeast railway network.

My home is in the east of Heilongjiang. I have to take the railway from Jiamusi to Harbin every time I travel far away. This railway is called Suijia Line, which was built during the Puppet Manchukuo period.

Before the opening of 20 18, the Hajia Express Railway was the only railway from Harbin to central and eastern Heilongjiang.

Some border areas in Northeast China, such as Heihe, Mishan and Hulin on the Sino-Russian border, Aershan on the Sino-Mongolian border, Linjiang and Ji 'an on the Sino-Korean border, almost all continued the railway pattern during the Puppet Manchuria period.

1945 northeast railway network

Northeast railway network in 2020

1950 national railway network

Comparing the railway lines in Northeast China before and after Japan's evacuation, and the national railway distribution map in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it can be clearly seen that the railway network in Northeast China was much denser than other regions at that time, so in terms of infrastructure, it is undeniable that Japan did lay a good foundation for Northeast China.

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Except for the northeast, most of the cross-border railways between China and North Korea were built during the period of Manchukuo.

From Tumen, Kaishantun, Changbai and Linjiang in the north to Ji 'an, Hekou and Dandong in the south, there are bridges across the border between China and North Korea.

Except Changbai and Linjiang, there are railway bridges in other places, which is in sharp contrast to the situation that there is only one bridge on the Sino-Russian border so far (Heihe Sino-Russian Heilongjiang Bridge has been built but not yet opened to traffic).

Ji 'an Yalu River Bridge

Traveling on the border between China and North Korea, the railway bridge across the river is generally a scenic spot.

Can be used as a scenic spot, in addition to the sense of the times of the bridge itself, standing at a height can also overlook a bridge connecting the two countries and feel the wonderful sense of distance at the border.

On the sunny mountain in Tumen, you can clearly see the city scenery on both sides of Tumen River set up by two bridges, but the bridge is slightly deserted;

In addition, because of the war, some bridges have blockhouses at the bridgehead, and some bridges were bombed into broken bridges by the United States in the Korean War, which seems to have a sense of historical vicissitudes.

On both sides of Tumen River

When Japan built so many railways between China and North Korea, on the one hand, it wanted to transport the northeast resources back to China quickly, and on the other hand, it wanted to create a "Manchu-Qing integration", which is part of the "Greater East Asia * * * Glory Circle" that we often ridicule.

It has been 75 years since the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Now, let's look at "full and fresh fusion". Isn't this the way that many people expect to revitalize the northeast economy?

After North Korea's reform and opening up, from Dandong to Seoul, from Hunchun to Tumen River to Japan, it will directly open the second artery of economic development in Northeast China, and with the China-Japan-Korea Free Trade Zone, the Northeast will take off instantly.

Of course, the above imagination is completely different from Japan's "new integration of Manchu and Qing" in form, way and essence, but in appearance and result, it really pursues "integration" and "* * * glory".

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In addition to railways, Japan has a grand plan to build the capital of Manchukuo in the northeast.

Xinjing, Changchun, was then the capital of the puppet Manchukuo, and the Japanese drew up a "Great Xinjing Urban Plan" that year.

This plan draws lessons from Paris' urban development model and wants to turn Changchun into a garden city with a population of 500,000 and a style close to Canberra, Australia.

This is a grand and meticulous plan, from the city's roads and drainage systems to parks and green spaces and urban architectural styles, and so on, every detail involving urban life has been arranged.

Before Japan's evacuation, Changchun did partially realize the "Great New Scenery Urban Plan". It is said that Changchun had become the largest city in Asia at that time, and its population size and urban construction surpassed that of Tokyo, the capital of Japan.

Xinjing map

As the capital of Manchukuo, Changchun naturally retains many traces of Japan, and Japanese-style buildings can be seen everywhere on the streets.

The most conspicuous thing is the "one hospital, four departments and one office" on Xinmin Street. This architectural style, also known as "Manchu style" and "Xingya style", is a special architectural style that appeared in the period of the Puppet Manchukuo.

Simply put, it is covered with Chinese or Japanese "big roofs" mixed with western-style buildings.

Kwantung Army Command

Modernist style architecture

In addition to these original ancient buildings, there are also new government office buildings that are based on the "Manzhouli" architectural form and follow the historical environment of the block through decoration, color and materials.

In addition to the "Manzhouli" style, there are a large number of modernist buildings in Japanese-style buildings in Changchun, and this style is not limited to the puppet Manchukuo period. New buildings in Changchun have more or less continued this style, such as residential buildings, shopping malls and some public buildings.

Only this influence gradually weakened and appeared in some places that were not noticed.

Changchun street view

F4 in the northeast of China, Harbin is very long and Shenyang is very big. Except Harbin, the architectural styles of the other three cities are deeply influenced by Japan.

However, although they are all influenced by Japan, the "Japanese-style" buildings in Shenyang, Dalian and Changchun look different due to the development of architectural art.

Shenyang and Dalian, as big cities attached to the early Manchuria Railway, were founded by the puppet Manchukuo in 1904 from the Russo-Japanese War to 193 1. Japanese architects mainly introduce western classical style and "quasi-foreign style" in local architectural activities, that is, imitate western architectural types.

Therefore, compared with Harbin, which is influenced by Russian, there may not be much difference for people without architectural knowledge.

Shenyang railway station

Dalian civil affairs department

After the establishment of the Puppet Manchukuo, influenced by modern architectural thoughts, Japanese architecture began to develop its own modern style. In addition, considering the political and social reality in Northeast China, the architecture should take into account the local history and culture, so the architecture with the above-mentioned "Manchu" style and modernist style mixed with Chinese, Japanese and foreign styles appeared in Changchun. These two architectural forms are rare in Shenyang and Dalian.

Modernist Architecture in Changchun Puppet Manchuria Period

So for architecture lovers, in the northeast, you can not only see the western architecture brought by Russians, but also get a glimpse of the development history of Japanese architecture.

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During the Puppet Manchukuo period, the northeast developed really well, but this kind of construction was not for the northeast and its people, but for better colonization and more convenient and quick plundering of resources.

Remember the railway from Jiamusi to Harbin I mentioned earlier? That railway is very interesting.

It stands to reason that Jiamusi is the largest city in the east of Heilongjiang, and the railway between Harbin, the provincial capital, should aim at the shortest and fastest construction.

However, this railway is in the opposite direction, leaving the flat valley of Songhua River. It actually goes from Jiamusi on the Sanjiang Plain to the mountains of Xiaoxing 'anling, and all the stops along the way are small towns except Suihua.

I didn't understand the designer's brain circuit before, but later I learned that it was repaired by the Japanese, so I understood.

The reason why the train turns into Xiaoxing 'anling is for the forest resources there, and the railway goes to Jiamusi and then to Hegang, because there are coal mines there.

Suijia line

The main purpose of Japanese railway construction is not to improve local traffic and facilitate personnel exchanges, but to go to places with resource railways.

Therefore, Benxi, Fuxin, Fushun, Liaoyuan, Jilin, Hegang and Jixi, where coal, iron and water resources are produced, are all connected by railways.

Benxi Lake Coal-Iron Mine is the earliest existing coal-iron plant and mine site in China, with the earliest existing ironmaking blast furnace in Asia, which is a place that the Japanese have long liked.

During the Russo-Japanese War from 65438 to 0905, the Japanese mined coal here, and later mined iron ore to set up a company, which is now the predecessor of Benxi Iron and Steel.

Benxihu coal and iron mine site

Fuxin and Fushun have large open-pit coal mines, which are the largest in Asia in different periods and also developed by the Japanese.

Every winter, there will be rime along the Songhua River in Jilin City. The founder of this rime is actually Japanese. Because Japan built Fengman Hydropower Station in the upper reaches of Songhua River, the hydropower station released water in winter, and the water vapor rose and hung on the trees, forming rime.

hoar frost

It can be said that almost all the resource-based cities in Northeast China have the shadow of Japan, and this shadow brings not the development and prosperity of the city, but an extremely painful history.

There are 15 mass graves in the whole northeast. Every coal mine and large-scale facility built in Japan that year will bring a mass grave.

As mentioned earlier, Fuxin, Liaoyuan, Hegang and Jixi coal mining cities, as well as Fengman Hydropower Station, which brought rime, all have a big pit with the remains of Chinese workers in it.

The remains of the Japanese army in Northeast China that I am writing now are all the bones of Chinese workers.

Fuxin mass grave site exhibition hall

In order to protect its colonial achievements: unlimited labor force and occupied resources, and to prepare for the next invasion of the Soviet Union, Japan built more than a dozen military forts, large and small, on the border between China, Russia and Mongolia.

One of the biggest and most famous is Hutou Fortress and Dongning Fortress.

Distribution map of Japanese Kwantung Army fortress

Hutou fortress, the whole project is dug on Wanda Mountain, and the scale is huge. Walking inside is like a castle, with a living room, a bathroom, an infirmary and so on.

But the internal environment is extremely cold and humid, and it is very uncomfortable to stay in it for a while. I can't imagine how hard the workers who built the fort at that time worked.

With the completion of such a big project, another mass grave will be born.

Hutou Fortress

Speaking of the cruelty to the people of China during the Japanese colonial period, I think there are traces of Japan in the northeast, located in the 73 1 Bacteriological Laboratory in the Pingfang District of Harbin.

I have heard of this place for a long time, but I have never been there. Later, when I went to school, the Japanese professor island was originally in Harbin. He asked me to accompany him to have a look, so I went.

73 1

At that time, the professor and his wife were watching carefully in various exhibition areas. I quickly swept around in front and went out.

Uncomfortable, especially uncomfortable. I feel a stone in my heart and I can't breathe.

It took Professor Shimamoto a long time to finish his visit.

I sat in the co-pilot of the car, watched them greet the museum staff and bowed for a long time before trotting back to the car.

As soon as they got on the bus, I felt a little embarrassed. I was just about to say, I'm done. Let's go.

Professor Shimamoto touched my shoulder from behind and said to me and the driver, I'm sorry, but his wife kept saying sorry.

What he said made me even more embarrassed. I don't know what to answer, it's okay, it's okay, it's still okay. Nothing seems appropriate.

Later, I turned around and smiled, but I couldn't remember exactly what I said.

List of the dead

It was 20 13 years, and China's GDP had already surpassed that of Japan.

Although I grew up in an era when China's economy was struggling to climb, and I often received all kinds of anti-Japanese propaganda and education, in my mind, I no longer regard Japan as a big country as I used to. If I want to get back at him, I need him to apologize, because apology is the comfort of the strong to the weak, and we don't need it at this time.

Therefore, I am very glad that Japan's remains in Northeast China, no matter what things and forms, can finally face them frankly, seek truth from facts, without trembling and writing with shackles.