What are the famous churches in Harbin?

Harbin, known as "Little Paris in the East", was originally named Alekin, and was called Harabin in Qing Dynasty. From 65438 to 0896, after Russia seized the right to build a railway in China, it became the center of Dong Qing railway. At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia, Britain, Japan and Czech Republic set up consulates general in Harbin, and Germany, France and Italy set up consulates in 10 countries, which made Harbin rapidly develop into a unique international metropolis in 50 years.

As immigrants from many countries gather, it brings cultural diversity, one of which is the diversity of architecture. So all kinds of buildings have become a major feature of Harbin. Harbin's architecture can be divided into 1 1 types, such as church architecture, baroque architecture, Art Nouveau architecture, Renaissance architecture, classical Renaissance architecture, etc., making it a museum that embodies the world's architectural art, thus gaining the reputation of "Little Paris in the East".

Church building:

According to records, there were 54 churches in Harbin at that time. Church architecture is a unique landscape of Harbin architectural art and a beautiful landscape of Harbin regional culture.

St Nicholas Cathedral, commonly known as "Lama Terrace". It was named after Russian czar Nicholas. It is located in the square called "New Town" (the center of nangang district) by Russians, and the center is also called the Central Temple. Built in 1900, the architectural pattern is designed in Petersburg and built by Russian architectural engineer Letviev. This is a typical dry wooden structure built of logs. The statue of the Virgin Mary at the main entrance and the murals outside the main hall are made by Russian painter Gurshziwenk, which are solemn and magnificent. After Nikolai Church, Moscow Store (today's museum), New Harbin Hotel (today's international travel agency) and belov Hospital (today's Zhongshan Shopping Mall) were built around the square. The whole square is surrounded by various art buildings and is full of exotic cultural atmosphere. Since then, at the highest point in Harbin, the image of "Little Paris in the East" has been established. St Nicholas Church was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution in 1966.

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Cultural Park (Rest Church of Our Lady), also known as Uspinkaya Church. Built in 1908. This is a Russian cemetery with brick and wood structure. Green trees, towering spires and exquisite architectural style give people a feeling of beauty, tranquility, comfort and relaxation. There were more than a dozen alien cemeteries here. After liberation, all cemeteries were moved to Huangshan cemetery. It was changed to "Cultural Park" in the late 1980s, and now it has become a park entertainment place in Harbin.

Address: Dongdazhi Street Cultural Park, nangang district, Harbin

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The church of Hagia Sophia, built in 1907, was originally a military church with wooden structure. 1923, rebuilt to meet the rapid increase of orthodox Christians in Harbin. It lasted 9 years and was completed on 1932. Become the largest brick and wood structure cathedral in the Far East. It is deeply influenced by Byzantine architectural art and has a Russian dome. Roman-style arch coupons and high windows, as well as the organic combination of various architectural art styles. In particular, the renovation of 1997 makes Sophia Church a bright spot in Harbin's architectural art landscape. Whenever dusk comes, the setting sun shines on the towering dome, pigeons are like clouds and music is like water. Walking in Sophia Square is quite refreshing. Hagia Sophia Church is now the Harbin Architectural Art Museum.

Address: No.95 Toulong Street, Daoli District, Harbin.

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Notre Dame was built in 1922. It was originally a wooden cathedral. 1930 was converted into a church, which is now a masonry structure. Up to now, there are still 1899 large clocks weighing 2600 kilograms in Moscow. This is a Romanesque building and the basic style of the Greek Orthodox Church. Designed by the famous Russian architect Jedanov. At that time, because this church was managed by Ukrainian believers in Harbin, it was named Ukrainian Church. 1984 government reopened.

Address: No.268 Dongdazhi Street, nangang district, Harbin.

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Nyirai Church (Christian Church) is a Gothic brick and wood church with Nordic style. 19 14 was built by German initiative, Middle East Railway Bureau and private donations. Designed by architect Froub. At that time, it was only used by German expatriates and believers in consulates of various countries. The size of the church is small and reasonable. After liberation, it was converted into a Christian church, which is still in use today.

Address: No.252 Dongdazhi Street, nangang district, Harbin.

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The Church of Our Lady (Catholic Church) was founded in 192 1. A wooden church. 1935 changed the masonry structure. Designed by Russian architect smirnoff Toftanovsky. This is a classic of Russian baroque church architecture. There are sacred paintings by the holy painter Sadr Rochini and statues of the Virgin in the church. Today, many Russians still revisit their old places and come here in an endless stream. Now the surrounding environment has been green, which has become a quiet place in the downtown area and a unique scenic spot in Harbin.

Address: No.47, Shike Street, nangang district, Harbin.

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Turkish Mosque (Tatar Temple) was founded in 1923. Church with brick and wood structure. The architect is Jedanov. This is a typical Arabic style building. Towering minarets, domes arranged on both sides and arched high windows are filled with solemn, quiet and heavy religious atmosphere. The origin of the name "Turkish Mosque" is because the original believers were mainly Turks and Etruscans from Russia. These Muslims have curly black hair and are called Tatars in Russia, so they also call this mosque the Tatar Church.

Address: No.0/08 Tongjiang Street, Daoli District, Harbin.

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Mosque, founded in 1897. 1904 reconstruction. It is an Islamic brick and wood church for Muslims in Harbin. 1935, with the initiative and donation of many Muslims, it was expanded into an Arabic-style chapel of 426 square meters. This is a classic of Arab church architecture. The moon tower and the top of each dome are towering with a crescent moon, which is a unique symbol of Islam. 1996, in order to meet the needs of Muslim worship, the government renovated the old building to make it look brand-new.

Address: No.54, Nanshisan Road, Daowai District, Harbin.

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Baroque architectural features, after the European Renaissance, Baroque style appeared. It is characterized by emphasizing novelty, transformation and dynamic aesthetics on the basis of Renaissance architectural art. The cement decoration of buildings is mostly a vortex composed of free curves, and the concave and convex walls and complicated decorations have strong light and shadow effects, so Baroque architecture is a very typical artistic building. This kind of building has a strong ornamental and artistic quality.

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Education Bookstore (Matsuura Foreign Firm), built in 1909 with brick and wood structure. It is also a landmark building with typical Baroque style after Madill. It pursues complex plane and free form, adopts various columns and pilasters, and emphasizes the light and shadow changes of volume. The architect designed the figures supporting the circular balcony. Exquisite reliefs and beautiful shapes make up solidified music, which always gives people beautiful enjoyment. This building is also used as a Russian expatriate. After liberation, it became a foreign language bookstore, and later changed to an education bookstore, which is still in use today. It is also the most representative, artistic and ornamental excellent architectural works in Harbin.

Address: No.0/22, Zhongyang Street, Daoli District, Harbin.

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Lin Qiu company (Lin Qiu foreign firm) was established in 1904. Buildings with baroque artistic style. The whole building is well proportioned and properly decorated, with an olive roof at the top and colorful cornices. At that time, it was a large shopping center founded by Russian Ivan Yakuo Levich Lin Qiu. That's Qiuyanghang, also known as "the first store in the Far East", which specializes in European and American fashion goods. Business is characterized by paying equal attention to business. We have set up processing plants for black tea, wine, sausages, cigarettes, Russian bread, clothing, etc., and our products have a long-standing reputation. 1953101On October 25th, China State-owned Lin Qiu Company was formally established. Today, a century-old shop still has its own characteristics: sticks (big bread), Ridos (sausage), cheese, black bean honey, wine sugar and so on. Lin Qiu Company stands in the forest of modern commerce with its time-honored brand.

Address: No.297 Dongdazhi Street, nangang district, Harbin.

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Harbin Group Art Museum (Pseudo-Rimanhui), built in 1933, is a unique baroque building with brick and wood structure. Overall symmetry, the entrance is decorated with love Onek pilaster, and the roof eaves are equipped with classical retaining walls. It gives people a feeling of being clear, small, changeable, fluid, stable and solid. At that time, it was the Puppet Manchukuo Defence Club established by the Japanese in Harbin, that is, Harbin Cultural Association, which often held various seminars, expositions and reports. After liberation, it was changed to a teachers' club and later became the science and technology building of Harbin Library. Now it is the office of Harbin Mass Art Museum.

Address: No.253 Yiman Street, nangang district, Harbin.

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Heilongjiang Post and Telecommunications Administration (Jihei Post Administration), built in 1922, is a brick-wood structure. It has the characteristics of baroque style and French classicism. Covers an area of 4000 square meters. There are three floors above ground and half underground, which shows the scale of Jihei Postal Administration at that time. After liberation, Heilongjiang Post and Telecommunications Bureau took over and used it to this day.

Address: Minyi Street 100, nangang district, Harbin.

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Daowai Red Cross Hospital (Uni-Qing Department Store), brick and wood structure building built by 19 16. It is a building that China architects learn from Baroque architectural art style and combine it with China folk decorative patterns. Some people call it "China Baroque". At that time, Jingyu Street outside the road was called Manchu Street "rich shop". This is the settlement of China people, with concentrated business and extremely prosperous. Many buildings in this street are influenced by western architecture. The Red Cross Hospital is also a special product of the integration of Chinese and Western cultures in Harbin.

Address: No.412, Jingyu Street, Daowai District, Harbin.