Historical background of Taiwan's recovery

After the prosperity of feudal society, there were frequent contacts between dynasties in the Central Plains and Taiwan Province Province. The invention of papermaking by China people greatly promoted the spread of human culture, and of course recorded the hardships and sacrifices of Chinese sons and daughters in developing Taiwan Province Province, building Taiwan Province Province and defending Taiwan Province Province, as well as the historical facts of cross-strait exchanges. The first expedition to Taiwan Province Province took place in 230 AD. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan, the monarch of Wu, sent generals Wei Wen and Zhuge to Taiwan Province Province, which they called Yizhou. This is the first time that the China Dynasty contacted Taiwan Province Province. Their trip to Taiwan Province Province lasted for one year. In the end, due to the epidemic of diseases and acclimatization, nine times out of ten officers and men were killed or injured, and finally they returned to the mainland with thousands of residents from Taiwan Province Province. In fact, this kind of military expedition is not killing people and stealing goods, but a common means for feudal dynasties to establish and consolidate the scope of their rule. The Taiwan Province people brought back introduced a lot about Taiwan Province. Decades later, Kuloko Shen, the prefect of Linhai County of Wu State, wrote the Land and Water Records of Linhai from 264 to 280 A.D. based on the introduction of Wu officers and soldiers who returned from Taiwan Province Province and residents of Taiwan Province Province (see Taiping Fishing Guide, Volume 780). He called this piece of land on the sea "Yizhou is in the southeast of Linhai, two thousand miles to the county. There is no snow and frost on the earth, and the vegetation is immortal. It is surrounded by mountains, and all the mountains are inhabited. There is a white stone shot by the King of Yue on the top of the mountain. The barbarians are kings, and the land and people are divided, but they are different. " "This land is very fertile, producing both grain and fish." It also introduces local products, people, customs, tools and historical sites. Among them, "There is a white stone shot by the King of Yue on the top of the mountain", which proves that Taiwan Province Province was the territory of the State of Yue during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The description in the book gives people an image of Taiwan Province Province at that time: Yizhou is 2,000 miles southeast of Linhai County, where the local climate is hot, there is no frost and snow, the vegetation is evergreen all year round, the land is fertile, coarse cereals, fish production, fine fabrics and copper and iron smelting. In order to preserve food in a hot climate, residents preserved fish in large pottery pots, not only as their own food, but also for entertaining guests. Parents have the final say when men and women get married, and girls have to knock out their front teeth after marriage. Residents are divided into different tribes, and each tribe has its own land and leader. The leader called the people together and beat the hollowed-out wood with a wooden stick. The sound can travel four or five miles, and the residents came after hearing it. In the war, the enemy's head was cut off and hung on the big wooden pestle in the courtyard, and it was not taken off for several years to show its meritorious service. This is the first time in the world that the customs of Taiwan Province Province have been completely recorded, so that people in the Central Plains have a definite and clear understanding of Taiwan Province Province. During the Sui Dynasty, Yang Di sent Yu Zhukuan, a feather rider, and He Man, a sailor, to Taiwan Province Province, which was then called "Liu Qiu". Because of the language barrier, he brought back a native of Taiwan Province Province for the first time and some cloth armour for the second time. In the sixth year of the Great Cause (6 10), Yang Di sent Wu Benlang and more than 10,000 soldiers to set sail from Yi 'an (Chaozhou) in Guangdong Province for Taiwan Province Province. The local people thought it was a merchant ship in the Central Plains, indicating that mainland businessmen often went to do business at that time, and people in Taiwan Province Province were already familiar with commercial trade. It's just that Chen Ling's negotiations with local chiefs were not smooth and tense. She returned to the mainland with thousands of local residents. In Changhua City, central Taiwan Province Province, there is a street named "Chen Leng Street" to commemorate this Sui Dynasty general. After the long evolution from the Three Kingdoms to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong to Taiwan Province Province gradually increased. In the Song Dynasty, there were more exchanges and economic activities. For the convenience of management, it is the first time in the history of the development of Taiwan Province Province to set up a management organization in Taiwan and Penghu and bring Penghu into the territory of Jinjiang County, Fujian Province. Taiwan Province and Pengzhou were formally incorporated into the territory of the Song Dynasty. Although dynasties and emperors changed in the next thousand years, the ownership of Taiwan Province Province never changed. The Yuan Dynasty was the first time that ethnic minorities in China controlled the Central Plains. After the Yuan Dynasty took control of the Central Plains, it was customary to March into the unknown. So, in the 28th year of Zhiyuan (129 1), 10, Yang Xiang, the deputy general manager of seagoing vessels, was sent as a propaganda envoy, leading more than 6,000 people to March into Taiwan Province Province, together with Wu, an official of the Ministry of Justice, and Ruan Jian, an official of the Ministry of War. Because of the language barrier and lack of navigation knowledge, they returned in vain. By AD 1335, the Yuan Dynasty formally established the "Inspection Department" in Penghu. Inspection department, the level is not high, belonging to nine categories. "Professional patrol, special arrest", catching criminals and setting up saltworks, but this is the first time the central government has sent administrative law enforcement agencies to Taiwan Province and Pengzhou. Since then, the central dynasty began to send personnel to manage the Taipeng area. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a traveler named Wang Dayuan. He traveled to many places, traveled to Taiwan Province Province and Penghu by merchant ship during Zheng Zheng's time, and then wrote A Brief Introduction to Taiwan Province Island. Taiwan Province Province said in the book: "The terrain is dome-shaped, surrounded by trees, and the soil is fertile and fertile, which is suitable for farming. Climate warming, real estate placer gold, millet, sulfur, yellow wax, deer and leopard ... overseas countries, the cover starts here. " From people's travel to Taiwan Province Province and cross-strait business activities, we can see that there were many exchanges between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland at that time, which had become complementary economic activities and daily social exchanges. Zheng Chenggong

The maritime ban policy of the Ming Dynasty led to the prevalence of pirates along the southeast coast. In order to protect the coastal areas from pirates, the Ming court stationed troops in Keelung and Danshui Port to prevent pirates from harassing the southeast coastal areas based in Ethereum. This is the first time that the central government has stationed troops on the island to defend coastal defense. There is a special product "Three Treasures of Ginger" in Fengshan, Kaohsiung, which was left by Zheng He when he arrived in Taiwan Province Province in the Ming Dynasty. This is the first large caravan that the Central Plains arrived in Taiwan Province Province. In order to defend Taiwan Province Province, Zheng Chenggong carried out major military activities such as recovering Taiwan Province Province and unifying Taiwan Province Province by Kangxi in his later years. 1683, after the Qing government unified Taiwan Province Province, Taiwan Province Province formally established the Taiwan Government, which governed Taiwan Province Province, Fengshan County and Zhuluo County. Taiwan Prefecture is under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province, and later changed to 2 prefectures, 8 counties and 4 halls. The Qing government established a complete set of ruling organizations and systems in Taiwan Province Province to carry out effective management. Since the western colonialists invaded to the east, the United States, Japan, France and other powers have successively carried out military provocations in Taiwan Province Province, which has aggravated the territorial crisis in the border areas of China. In this case, the attitude and way of the upper level of the Qing government on how to govern Taiwan Province Province began to change, from "mainly preventing internal changes" to "mainly preventing external invasion". Shen Baozhen, Minister of Fujian Shipping Administration, and Ding Richang, Governor of Fujian Province, who supervised the coastal defense affairs in Southeast Asia in Qing Dynasty, called Taiwan Province Province "the barrier of seven provinces", "the key to the South-North Ocean" and "the first gateway to China", and repeatedly emphasized the importance of Taiwan Province Province. They also recalled many times that they proposed to set up a provincial province in Taiwan Province Province to strengthen the official administration, effectively manage the Taiwan Province-Pengzhou area isolated overseas and consolidate coastal defense. The proposal of establishing Taiwan Province province was possible under the border crisis at that time. This proposal was first put forward by Ding Richang in 1874. In the following year 165438+ 10, Shen Baozhen proposed to set up a "Fujian governor" in the name of the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, with "Taiwan Province in winter and spring and Fuzhou in summer and autumn". /kloc-in the spring of 0/876, Ding Richang, the new governor, was unable to stay in Taiwan Province Province on schedule, so he asked the court to send another etiquette to stay in Taiwan Province Province and set up the "Governor of Taiwan Province Province", which changed the three-year "staying in Taiwan in winter and spring" to a single governor of Taiwan Province Province. Liu mingchuan

It was not until June 1884 that the Qing Dynasty sent Liu Mingchuan, governor of Zhili, to seal the title of governor to supervise the government affairs and defense of Taiwan Province Province. No matter how he is described in film and television works, Liu Mingchuan is indeed a promising official. Shortly after Liu Mingchuan took office, the Sino-French war broke out. On the whole, China, which did not fail militarily, suffered another disastrous defeat politically. Facing the crisis, it is particularly necessary to strengthen the defense of Taiwan Province Province. Yang Changjun, Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and the Imperial Commissioner left to supervise Fujian military affairs. In July, they wrote again, demanding "the governor's branch office" and "provincial rule" in Taiwan Province Province, Fujian Province. In Guangxu 1 1 year (1885) 10/2, Empress Dowager Cixi, who was in charge of politics, decided to invite Zuo to invite guests while establishing the navy. Fujian's government affairs were managed by the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and the Governor of Fujian was changed to the Governor of Taiwan Province Province. By 1888, the separation of Fujian and Taiwan was officially realized, and Taiwan Province Province was set up as a separate province, from the original 2 prefectures, 8 counties and 4 halls to 3 prefectures 1 1 county and 4 halls, 1 zhili prefecture, and then Nanya hall was added. The first governor of Fujian and Taiwan Province was Liu Mingchuan. It was this Governor who opened the door to modern economic development in Taiwan Province Province. History has followed the right path to the present. After 550 years of stormy days, the Inspection Department was established, and Taiwan Province Province became the 20th province of the Qing Dynasty. The establishment of Taiwan Province provincial organizational system is mainly to consolidate the southeast coastal defense, resist the aggression of foreign powers and strengthen military defense; Internally, the process of modern industrialization began, and mining, postal services, transportation, reclamation and education developed one after another. Since then, Taiwan Province society has entered a period of large-scale development. It is the exchanges between the two sides of the strait that have condensed the hearts of the people on both sides of the strait in history, and Taiwan Province Province and the mainland are inseparable. The sea tells us that the "first" of so many continents in Taiwan Province Province is not only the significance of time sequence, but also the courage of many pioneers, the hardships of pioneers and the sacrifices of strugglers; It includes how much Taiwan Province Province yearns for the hinterland of the Central Plains, and how much the mainland people care for their compatriots in Taiwan Province Province. It also tells us that it is in this thousand-year interaction that Chinese culture has infiltrated Taiwan Province Province. Compatriots in Taiwan Province Province have become one of the creative groups of this magical and even incredible Chinese culture in the continuous and lasting environment of Chinese culture. Therefore, the relationship between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland has a profound historical origin and cultural precipitation.