The United States prohibits Muslim immigrants.

Hello, Hall's high and low context theory belongs to linguistic theory. Please refer to the following instructions.

If you want to know what is high and low context, or upper and lower context, you must first understand what is context. Context is the information surrounding the event, which is closely related to the event.

So what's the difference between high and low contexts? According to my analysis, there are three main ways to distinguish. First, it depends on whether the meaning conveyed in communication comes from the communicative occasion or from the communicative language. In other words, people in high-context countries pay more attention to communicative occasions, while people in low-context countries pay more attention to communicative language. The formation of this difference is closely related to the cultural background of their respective countries. High-context countries, such as China and Japan, because most of their people have the same cultural background and are influenced by traditional Confucianism, the shadow of people's mobility is not very strong, so people don't need to know their birthplace and experience. At first, it was similar to most situations. People tend to pay attention to what they say on what occasions, so they use different words, different eyes and body movements. People in low-context countries, such as the United States, have a high turnover rate. A man was born in Germany, his father was Mexican and his mother was Canadian. Later, there were many similar cases in which the whole family immigrated to the United States, with very different cultural backgrounds. This huge difference between individuals will become an important part of their chat, because only by asking about each other's physical experience can we better understand each other harmoniously, even if it is some actions that ordinary people find incomprehensible. For example, the first time I took a foreign guest on a trip, I forgot to emphasize that the tap water in the hotel is not drinkable. Sure enough, the American guest had diarrhea the next day after drinking at night, so my foreign delegation will emphasize this point in the future, and there are many differences in cultural background and life that I will emphasize before to avoid similar things from happening again. Another example shows that not only the differences between Chinese and western cultures will lead to misunderstandings, but also the countries influenced by Confucian culture are very different. I recently finished reading a book called Korean Details. A Shanghai teacher went to South Korea to teach, and the school arranged a teaching assistant for her, but the teaching assistant didn't seem to have much effect, and China didn't inform the Mid-Autumn Festival Teachers' Day that the school was closed. Because her teaching assistant took it for granted that China's Mid-Autumn Festival and Teacher's Day should be the same as South Korea's, which brought inconvenience to this China teacher. It also reminds me that when Ginny was a teaching assistant, I tried to arrange things well so as not to bring any inconvenience to this stranger.

The second difference between high and low contexts is whether it reflects most of the information. Most of the high-context information has been reflected, only a little information needs to be clearly conveyed by coding; Most of the information in low context is conveyed through external language, and there is almost no insincerity.

The third difference between high and low contexts. High context is what we usually call tacit understanding. People who are used to high context will unconsciously follow the tacit understanding law when talking, that is, they have reservations about their true thoughts in conversation, so the listener will not only listen to the speaker, but also guess the "implication" with part of his personal imagination, and provide information through gestures or even silence. Even our parents taught us from an early age that silence is golden. Don't talk in front of strangers. Not only in China, but also in Indonesia, there is a proverb called "an empty jar makes the loudest noise". But I think this idiom needs textual research. In modern society, if you can't boldly open your heart and let others know about you, you are not competitive. Interview is an example, and silence is a very unwise choice. For another example, why does the divorce rate of China women marrying foreigners reach 90%? This is a terrible number, which is caused by high and low contexts to some extent. People in China pay attention to reserve, and don't talk about the direct expression of I love you. If someone invites you to dinner, even if you want to go, you will pretend to shirk, making people in low context feel that you are cold and will not consider whether you are embarrassed for you. Low context is the so-called oral communication. Speak directly and frankly, and the more you understand, the better. There is a sign in foreign psychological clinics that you are sick if you have as many secrets, which shows how important expression is to people in low-context countries, so that if you say it unhappily, it will cause mental illness.

In the theory of high-low context, there is an important arrangement of national contexts, which is Hall's ranking of major countries according to the latitude of high-low context. From high context to low context, Japanese culture, China culture, Korean culture, African-American culture, Native American culture, Arabic culture, Greek culture, Latin culture, Italian culture, British culture, French culture, American culture, Scandinavian culture, German culture and German culture are in turn. According to this arrangement, we can analyze it step by step. There are many similarities between Japanese, China and Korean cultures. It is understandable that Japan protects its traditions better than China to some extent, because it is an island country with a sense of crisis in a small country, so it will cling to the roots of tradition. As for Korea, I always think that it is sandwiched between China and Japan, more developed than China, weaker than Japan, and bullying, so it can only be in a position of following. I believe many people don't understand why African-American culture is biased towards high context. I extracted a sentence to prove that Nanda and Bug believe that it is by no means inferior to other languages. Suitable for abstract thinking, systematic, grammatical and symbolic, so it looks more cheerful and outgoing. In fact, their language is more subtle and has many symbolic meanings. I guess it's because their nation has been oppressed for a long time and accepted their unique language style, but they dare not speak their minds directly. Most people think that there are many similarities between British and American cultures, but why does Britain rank high and the United States rank low? The following is an example of a signboard that can be seen everywhere in life:

V USA: Dogs are not allowed.

V UK: for health reasons, dogs are not allowed in, and we apologize for that.

V America: There is video surveillance.

UK: Please note: For the benefit of legitimate customers, closed-circuit television has been installed in the building.

From these examples, we can see that the British speak more tactfully than the Americans. German culture belongs to the category of high context, and everyone must understand it. Germans are born rigorous and serious, so they must not be vague and speak clearly. Why do Swiss Germans have a higher context? I think it's because Switzerland is made up of people from at least three cultural backgrounds, France, Germany and Italy. Being in a country, people have more opportunities to deal with people who speak foreign languages, so people especially need to make things clear when dealing with them, which leads to the highest context of Swiss Germans. After analyzing the ranking of this country, we need to pay more attention to the fact that although these countries rank generally, there will be high context and low context in each country's culture. For example, there will be such a problem in the TOEFL listening test. The man said: Do you love me? The woman said: Is it cold? The question is whether the woman loves him or not, which is an implicit way to answer boys' questions by rhetorical questions. When we communicate in English every day, people usually ask you if you want to go dancing with me tonight. Girls usually say I'd like to, but … refuse. When you want someone else to do something, you don't have to say you'd better do something directly, but use I'll be happy if you do something. Through this ranking, we can also find a rule, and this ranking is also a process of transition from developing countries to developed countries, except Japan. Japan's economy has developed rapidly because of its earnest and efficient national characteristics. From other countries, we can get a rule. The more you know, the easier it is to reach mutual understanding in business negotiations and push things forward. The more vague, the easier it is to delay, resulting in a series of negative effects, such as inefficiency. For example, when two people from China are talking about business, they often go through the question of money to the end, exchanging pleasantries and saying that we have not yet involved in the specific amount of money. Of course, such negotiations are not clear, and the process of talking is fast.

Finally, as to why we should study high and low contexts, I think there are several points: it helps us realize what people notice and what people ignore. People in high context should try to explain things clearly to people in low context, don't be vague, and don't assume that people in any country understand what you mean. People in low context have to guess people in high context, including their eyes and expressions, and sometimes they hint at some information, so they have to take the initiative to ask for it. For example, a friend of mine went to stay in a five-star hotel in Turkey and found that there was no toilet paper in such a high-end hotel. So when he just wanted to call to complain, he put himself in his shoes and thought about the reasons. As a result, his guess tallied with the fact. Turkey is an Islamic country. Muslims eat with their right hand and wash with their left, so they generally don't need toilet paper. This makes it possible to fully understand and tolerate foreign cultures, so that the whole world will be able to do its best.