When was Hawking paralyzed?

1963 Hawking suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Luger's disease) at the age of 2 1 year. He is completely paralyzed, unable to speak, and only three fingers can move in his hand. Hawking is regarded as the most outstanding theoretical physicist after Einstein.

Hawking1942 65438+/KLOC-0 was born in Oxford, England on October 8th. Hawking is an astronomer and theoretical physicist. His main research fields are cosmology and black holes. He proved the singularity theorem and the black hole area theorem of general relativity, put forward the black hole evaporation theory and the borderless Hawking universe model, and took an important step to unify the two basic theories of physics in the 20th century-Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's theory of quantum mechanics.

Hawking's academic performance was not outstanding when he was a child, but he liked to design complex toys. 1959 received a first-class honorary bachelor's degree in natural science from Oxford University, and went to Cambridge University to study cosmology at the age of 20. 1963 Hawking was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at the age of 22. The doctor thought that he could only live for 2-3 years. However, the doctor's prediction is not accurate. Hawking continued his scientific research work, got married twice and gave birth to three children.

From 65438 to 0985, Hawking gradually lost his ability to speak because of pneumonia. He can only rely on the muscles of his right eye to move the buttons of special glasses and operate the sound generator to "speak".

1988, Hawking published A Brief History of Time to explain astrophysical theories such as the universe, black holes and the Big Bang. A Brief History of Time has been translated into more than 40 languages and published more than100000 copies. However, because the content in the book is extremely difficult, many people buy it home and don't read it, so it is dubbed as an unreadable bestseller.

Even if he is paralyzed, Hawking still leads an active life: he is engaged in scientific research, teaching and lecturing, and communicates with the world with the help of a computer speech synthesizer. His story was adapted into a movie, and British actor Eddie Lederman, who played Hawking, won the Oscar for Best Actor. Hawking also made guest appearances in the American comedy The Simpsons and the science fiction series Star Trek.

Extended information hawking quotations 1: "aliens" are watching you.

At the launching ceremony of the Royal Society of Science in London on 20 15, Hawking said: "There must be other forms of life in the infinite universe." He said, "Maybe alien life will stare at us." "No matter whether there is extraterrestrial intelligent life in the end, it is time for someone to formally invest in it. We must understand this problem. "

Hawking's Quotations 2: In the Millennium, human beings must emigrate to other planets, otherwise they will be "extinct".

Hawking said in a speech in Los Angeles that in the next 1000 years, it is almost certain that the earth will be destroyed by a catastrophe, such as nuclear war or greenhouse effect. Therefore, he stressed that human beings must migrate to other planets. Griffin, director of NASA, also said that species on a single planet cannot survive forever.

In the solar system, besides the earth, Mars is the best choice for human habitation. However, it will take decades for manned exploration of Mars to be implemented, and it will take 450 days for a round trip. Hawking said: "Human extinction is possible, but not inevitable. I am an optimist. I believe that the development and progress of science and technology can eventually bring mankind out of the solar system and reach more distant places in the universe. "

Hawking's Quotations 3: Intelligent machines are the "terminators" of real human beings.

Hawking has repeatedly said that "the complete development of artificial intelligence may lead to the demise of mankind." According to Hawking, artificial intelligence technology does bring convenience to human life in the initial stage of development, but machines are likely to redesign themselves at an increasingly fast speed. However, human beings are limited by the speed of biological evolution, unable to compete with it and eventually surpassed. This turning point of artificial intelligence beyond human intelligence was named "singularity" by the scientific community.

In fact, American space

Elon musk, CEO of the famous prototype designer X of Iron Man, and Bill Gates, founder and philanthropist of Microsoft, also warned to pay attention to the "harm" of artificial intelligence. MIT professors, scientists, employees of companies such as Google, IBM and Microsoft, and investors related to artificial intelligence also jointly published an open letter expressing the same concern.

Hawking's Quotations 4: "Black hole" does not exist, only "grey hole".

Hawking pointed out in a paper "Information Preservation and Weather Forecast of Black Holes" that black holes do not exist, but "grey holes do exist", which shocked the physics community again.

Hawking put forward the famous "Hawking radiation" theory in 1976, that is, the black hole radiates to the outside world in the form of energy while its mass decreases during its formation. However, once the black hole is concentrated and evaporated, all the information in it will disappear, which contradicts the theory of quantum mechanics that the information of this substance will never disappear completely. This is the so-called "black hole paradox".

For more than 30 years, Hawking tried to explain this contradictory view with various speculations. Now it seems that he gave a more convincing answer. Hawking admits that his initial understanding of the "horizon" of the black hole boundary is flawed, and light can actually cross the horizon. He said that black holes never completely shut themselves down, and matter and energy will be released into the universe again after being trapped by black holes for a period of time.

China News Network-Hawking died at the age of 76 and was regarded as the most outstanding theoretical physicist after Einstein.

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China News Network-There must be aliens and artificial intelligence that will end mankind ... Take stock of Hawking's predictions.