Special training of junior middle school Chinese reading

It is necessary to strengthen Chinese learning and training. The following are the special training questions for junior high school Chinese reading and their reference answers for everyone to learn.

Special training for junior middle school Chinese reading (1)

Everyone has life and death, but a society may not die. ? Society? Why can it last long? Because there is? Culture? . And how does culture work? It is based on the group nature of people. Groups can transcend the limitations of individuals. Every individual lives and dies, but there is a time difference between different people's lives and deaths. People who live and die at different times and generations will have different times. During this period, individuals' life experiences, knowledge, feelings, discoveries, inventions, etc. can be exchanged and passed on to each other, and they can be transformed into other people's things and kept in other people's places. A person's life will pass away, but the knowledge accumulated in his life will not necessarily disappear with the end of his life. They will be passed on to those who continue to live, and can be passed on to many people. This constant transmission has become the knowledge that many people in society share, that is, culture, which is kept in many people's minds, forming an increasing, dynamic and fractional? Information base? This information base, in turn, constantly shapes the attitudes and behaviors of new members of society, which is the inheritance of culture. At the same time, due to the existence of various information carriers (stone carvings, bamboo tubes, books, tapes, CDs, etc.), people can record their lives and store them for future generations. In this way, even if a society really disappears and a culture is interrupted, people living in other civilizations can learn all kinds of knowledge from those who died a long time ago? People can cross the barriers of time and space, communicate and learn, and share knowledge and experience.

There are many examples of this kind of inheritance across time and space in cultural inheritance. For example, we often say today? Western culture comes from ancient Greek and Roman civilization? In fact, although ancient Greece and Rome originally belonged to Europe, many of their cultural achievements were not directly transmitted to modern Europe through their own biological descendants, but through Arabs? Change hands? Yes. Because in the Middle Ages, many classical cultural things in Europe itself were interrupted, and these things were kept by Arabs. Later? Renaissance? Europeans are not from their predecessors, but from Arabs? Get it back? A lot of knowledge created by ancient Greece and Rome.

society and culture can make people? Immortality? . Like Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, he is a man with a limited life, but what is the style of his poems and poems preserved in various documents? Culture? . ? People? Will disappear, but? Culture? If it survives, society will live forever, culture will not die, and people who create culture will? Immortality? Yes. The culture created by one person can not only be preserved, but also passed on, and can also influence others, inspire others and realize it? Recreate? So tradition can become the soil of new culture.

the transmission of culture must be a historical process, and all cultures must be accumulated. Without accumulation, without this accumulation beyond life and death and time and space, culture cannot exist.

from? Individuals and groups? Understand culture from the perspective of? Culture? Right here? Society? Under this group situation, many individuals' limited life experiences in history have been accumulated, which has become a kind of spiritual, ideological and intellectual wealth possessed by the society, and has been preserved in the lives, thoughts, attitudes and behaviors of living individuals in various ways today, becoming something beyond the individual. When a new life comes into this world, this cultural tradition already exists, and this new life lives directly in it, accepting this culture created and accumulated gradually by many people for a long time, so culture is historic.

the historicity of culture is broad, not only the specific knowledge and skills are accumulated and passed down in the long history, but also many deeper and more abstract things, such as methods of understanding problems, ways of thinking and attitudes towards life, are also passed down with culture. Furthermore, the inheritance of culture also includes? Society? The inheritance of. The basic structure of a society, such as husband and wife, parents and community structure, is a part of culture, passed down by ancestors and learned from elders and descendants by younger generations. There are constant revisions and innovations in learning and inheritance, but only in inheritance can there be innovations. No social structure is constructed completely out of thin air. It is always based on the previous social structure, inheriting some elements and building new things on this basis. For example, even a country like America? Artificial? The social structure of our country did not start suddenly when the United States was founded, but was transplanted from Europe by immigrants from Europe, which is actually an extension and variation of European culture.

(selected from Fei Xiaotong's Life and Death of Culture, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 213, with deletion)

12-13 is entitled multiple-choice questions, please write it on the answer sheet? Multiple choice question answering area? Answer. (12) if you choose one item correctly, you will get 2 points, if you choose two items correctly, you will get 5 points, and if you choose more than one item, you will get no points.)

12. What about the following? Culture? There are two things that don't conform to the meaning of the text:

A. If there is no group of people, culture will not be preserved and passed on.

B. In cultural transmission, the information carriers used by the ancients are the same as those used by today.

C. European? Renaissance? And the construction of American social structure, the specific ways of cultural inheritance are different.

D. Can you do it alone? Immortality? Because of the role of cultural inheritance; A society can not die because of the existence of culture.

13. The following inference does not conform to the meaning of the text:

A. The thoughts and behaviors of every individual in modern society will be influenced by the thoughts of predecessors.

B. The lost historical materials of a country may be found in the literature of other countries.

C. The traditional production technology of Xuan paper not only summarizes the production experience of predecessors, but also reflects their cognition of the objective world.

D. Although the social outlook has changed greatly, we are no different from the Tang Dynasty in the basic social structure today.

14. Why is culture? Historical? , please answer with this article. (4 points)

15. What does the following passage illustrate? How do you understand it? (4 points)

In 1994, Shanghai Museum acquired a batch of bamboo slips of Chu in the Warring States Period, which involved a large number of ancient books, many of which had never been seen before. For example, Heng Xian, which is included in Chu Bamboo Slips of Warring States Collected in Shanghai Museum (III), is a complete lost work of Taoism in Warring States. Its appearance provides new materials for Taoist studies and helps us to better understand Taoist thoughts.

junior high school Chinese reading special training answer:

12 BE 13D

14 The transmission of culture is a historical process. Individuals are cultures whose life and acceptance have gradually accumulated in history.

15 shows that there are many examples of cultural inheritance that span time and space. Through the discovery of ancient books, modern people can cross time and space, re-understand Taoist thought and inherit Taoist culture.

Special training for junior middle school Chinese reading (2)

What a strange fate we all have to die! Each of us will only make a short stay in this world; I don't know what the purpose is, although I sometimes think I feel something about it. However, there is no need to think deeply, as long as we can understand from our daily life: people live for others? First of all, for those people whose happiness and health are related to our own happiness; Then for many people we don't know, whose fate is closely linked with us through the bond of sympathy. I remind myself hundreds of times every day that my spiritual life and material life depend on the labor of others (including the living and the dead), and I must try my best to repay what I have received and what I am still receiving.

I don't believe that human beings will have that kind of freedom in the philosophical sense at all. Everyone's behavior is not only forced by the outside world, but also adapted to the inner necessity. Schopenhauer said: Although man can do what he wants, he can't want what he wants. ? This sentence has been a real inspiration to me since my youth; When I and others face difficulties in life, it always comforts us and is always a source of tolerance. This kind of experience can relieve the sense of responsibility that is easy to make people discouraged, and also prevent us from taking ourselves and others too seriously; It also leads to a philosophy of life that gives humor its due place.

from an objective point of view, I always think it is foolish and ridiculous to investigate the meaning or purpose of a person's own existence or that of all living things. But everyone has a certain ideal, which determines the direction of his efforts and judgment. In this sense, I have never regarded ease and pleasure as the purpose of life itself? This ethical foundation, I call it the ideal of pigsty. Illuminate my path and constantly give me new courage to face up to the ideal of life happily, which is truth, goodness and beauty. If there is no cordial feeling between like-minded people, if there is no concentration on the objective world. The object that can never be reached in the field of art and scientific work, then in my opinion, life will be empty. The vulgar goal that people strive for

? Property, vanity, luxury life? I always think it's despicable.

My strong sense of social justice and social responsibility and my obvious indifference to direct contact with others and society always form an odd contrast. I'm really a? Lonely travelers? I have never belonged to my country, my family, my friends or even my closest relatives wholeheartedly; In the face of all these relationships, I always feel a certain distance and need to remain lonely? And this feeling is increasing year by year. People will clearly find that there is a limit to mutual understanding and coordination with others, but this is not a pity. Such a person has undoubtedly lost his innocence and carefree state of mind; On the other hand, he can be largely unaffected by other people's opinions, habits and judgments, and can be tempted to build his inner balance on such unreliable foundations.

my political ideal is democracy. Let everyone be respected as an individual, and don't let anyone become an idol. I have been excessively praised and respected by people, not because of my own fault, nor because of my own credit, but it is really a mockery of fate. The reason is probably that people have a desire to understand the few ideas I have gained through constant struggle with my meager strength, but many people have failed to realize this desire. I fully understand that if an organization wants to achieve its goals, it must have one person to think, direct and fully take responsibility. But the leaders should not be forced, they must have the possibility to choose their own leaders. In my opinion, the forced autocracy will soon degenerate. Because violence always attracts people with poor moral character, and I believe that it is an eternal law that talented tyrants are always inherited by rogues. In the colorful performance of life, I think what is really valuable is not the political country, but the creative and emotional individual, which is personality; Only individuals can create noble and outstanding things.

(selected from Einstein's Collected Works, abridged)

12-13 is entitled multiple-choice questions. Please write it on the answer sheet? Multiple choice question answering area? Answer. (12 choose two items to give 5 points, choose the right one to give 2 points, and choose multiple items to give no points)

5. What about the following? The ideal of pigsty? Two things that are in line with the meaning of the text are (5 points)

A. To investigate the meaning or purpose of a person's own or all living things.

B. Use personal ideals to decide the direction of your own efforts and judgment.

C. Take comfort and happiness as the purpose of life itself.

D. Constantly face up to life with new courage.

e. Strive for a life of wealth, vanity and luxury.

6. One of the following statements is correct (3 points)

A. Einstein believed that people live for others, because everyone's spiritual life and material life depend on the labor of others.

B. Freedom in the philosophical sense exists only in theory, but in reality everyone's behavior is subject to both external and internal constraints.

C. Under Schopenhauer's inspiration, Einstein shirked some important responsibilities by comforting himself, and thought it was a humorous outlook on life.

D. Forced autocracy will soon degenerate, and only individuals can create noble and outstanding things. This is a law that has never been easy.

7. How did Einstein understand his worship? (4 points)

8. Talk about your understanding of the following passage in combination with the views in the article. (4 points)

Gu Zhun was the first person who put forward the theory of socialist market economy by China. In 1957, he published "On the Commodity Economy and the Law of Value under the Socialist System", and proposed for the first time to implement the market economy under the socialist conditions. Later, he was beaten twice? Rightists? . Due to the strong pressure from the society and the incomprehension of Gu Zhun, Wang Bi, his wife who has been suffering from Gu Zhun for more than 3 years, was forced to divorce Gu Zhun, and her five children announced that they would break off relations with Gu Zhun and cut off all contacts. In the face of adversity, Gu Zhun wrote "The Greek City-State System" and "From Idealism to Empiricism", and further pondered and explored the problems encountered after the victory of the revolution.

junior high school Chinese reading special training answer:

5.CE

6.B

7.① Everyone should be respected as an individual, and no one should be made an idol. Being praised and respected excessively by people is not due to one's own fault, nor is it due to one's own merits, but it is really a mockery of fate. (2 points per point)

8.① A person who has a strong sense of social justice and social responsibility always forms an odd contrast with his indifference to direct contact with others and society. (2) his wife divorced Gu Zhun, and his children disowned him, which showed that his mutual understanding and coordination with others were limited, and he undoubtedly lost his innocence and carefree state of mind. (3) The completion of Gu Zhun's many works shows that he can be largely unaffected by other people's opinions, habits and judgments, and can not be tempted to balance his heart on such unreliable foundations. (2 points for opinions and 2 points for analysis)