The history of Tongguan Station

Tongguan, located in the eastern part of the Guanzhong Plain, occupies a strategic location in the three provinces of Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan. It is one of the famous passes in ancient my country. "Shanhaiguan Chronicles" records: "Tongguan and Shanhaiguan are the most dangerous places in Ji Nei." Tongguan has a long history and is famous far and wide. There are many places of interest and historic sites such as Machao Black Locust and Yangshao Cultural Sites; the eight scenic spots in Tongguan such as Fengling Xiaodu, Qiaolou Evening Photo and Qinling Cloud Screen are all fascinating. Tongguan has an advantageous geographical location and convenient transportation. The Longhai and Tongpu railways intersect here, and National Highway 310 and Xitong Expressway pass through it. Speaking of the transportation in Tongguan, people naturally recall the prosperous years from the construction of the Longhai Railway to this ancient pass.

In December 1931, the then Bianluotong Railway was built to Tongguan, with three stations: Qilicun Station, Hougou Station and Tongguan Station. The operation was managed by the then Longhai Railway Bureau. After the Xi'an Incident, which shocked China and the world, the Central Army of the Kuomintang swarmed in by train and occupied Tongguan Station. At that time, Tongguan County was filled with crowded soldiers.

On July 7, 1937, the Anti-Japanese War broke out in an all-round way. The military strategic position of Tongguan Station on the Longhai Railway has become increasingly important. In February 1938, Longhai Railway Bureau moved to Xi'an. On March 7 of that year, Tongguan County was suddenly bombarded by Japanese artillery at Fenglingdu, Shanxi. This was a prelude to the Japanese army gathering troops from southern Shanxi to cross the Yellow River and march into Xi'an. Tongguan Station was instantly razed to the ground in the gunfire, the station box office was destroyed, and the technical work of the Tongguan Station section was forced to be moved to Huayin Station.

Although Tongguan Station was blown to pieces at the time, it was still an extremely important station. During the Anti-Japanese War, Tongguan relied on its natural pass. Although it was an empty city without guards, the Japanese army did not dare to cross the Yellow River and occupy it. Tongguan was called the forward position at that time, and Tongguan Station was naturally a station on the forward position. In 1941, American war correspondents took a train from Xi'an and got off at Huayin Station, and took a bus from Huayin to the Tongguan forward position for interviews.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Tongguan Station was planned to be restored and rebuilt, but most of its section technical operations were still replaced by Huayin Station. From June to July 1949, the 600,000-strong North China Corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army crossed the Yellow River, marched 251 columns from Tongguan Station, and advanced westward to support the liberation of the northwest and southwest. Railway employees completed this major military transportation task . It was not until 1950, after the founding of New China, that the section technical operations were completely transferred from Huayin Station to Tongguan Station.

In 1957, the connecting line between Nantong-Pu Railway and Longhai Railway and the Yellow River Railway Bridge were completed. In September 1958, the Xi'an Railway Administration Branch was abolished and the Xi'an Railway Bureau was established. Since then, Tongguan Station has become the intersection of the three railway bureaus of Xi'an, Zhengzhou and Taiyuan, and Tongguan Station has become an important transportation hub.

At the end of 1957, Tongguan Station was named Red Flag Station by the Ministry of Railways. Tongguan Station ensures that trains are emptied into two directions, Taiyuan and Zhengzhou, every day, and often exceeds the daily empty train task, allowing the empty trains to continuously flow to North China. It has made an important contribution to the entire road transportation, and has been commended by the Ministry of Railways for this. At the same time, Tongguan was also an important place for the relocation of Sanmenxia flood storage and storage at that time. The stations from Tongguan Station to Weinan Station were responsible for transporting a large number of relocated immigrants, which shows that Tongguan Station plays an important role at the intersection of the three railway bureaus.

Since the line in Tongguan of the Longhai Railway is located in the Sanmenxia flood storage area, the Longhai Railway will be rerouted when the new double track is built. On July 2, 1960, the new double line of the Longhai Railway was officially opened to traffic, and the newly built Tongguan Station was opened at the same time. The original three stations of Qilicun Station, Tongguan Station and Tongxi Station and the railway line between Nantongpu and Longhai Railway from the Yellow River Railway Bridge to Lianhua Temple were dismantled, and the technical operations of the original Tongguan Station section were transferred to Huayin County It is carried out at Mengyuan Station within the territory.

Looking back at the past, the rapid development of the railway industry in New China has created the historical glory of Tongguan Station - the Nantongpu and Longhai railway connecting lines cross the Yellow River and pass through the city, making North China, China Central China, northwest and southwest transportation are connected here, and the narrow Tongguan City Pass is divided by two railway lines. As an important transportation node, Tongguan Station continues to play a role in local economic construction. With the continuous adjustment of railway productivity layout, Tongguan Station is now a third-class intermediate station, carrying an average of more than 2,500 passengers per day.