Assignment question: Which region in mainland China has the closest culture to Taiwan?

Fujian, the fifth issue of "Zhongzhou Jingu" in 1983 published the humble article "A Preliminary Study on the Origin of the Ancestral Roots of Taiwan, Fujian and Henan", Beijing's "Chinese History Research Trends" and Hong Kong's "Wen Wei Po" (1983 October 30, 2011) has been reprinted successively, attracting the attention of readers at home and abroad. In order to further clarify this issue, this article once again explores the ancestral origins of Taiwan, Fujian and Henan from the study of Taiwan's history and surname genealogy, as well as the location of Zheng Chenggong's tomb. The "ancestral root" mentioned here is the "tap root". The objects of our study are genealogies that account for more than 80% of the total households in Taiwan Province. As for "side roots" from other places, due to complicated historical reasons, they are beyond the scope of this article.

1. Taiwan has belonged to China since ancient times

According to geological research, Taiwan and the mainland were connected one million years ago. Later, the Taiwan Strait was formed due to crustal movement. From more than 70,000 years ago to more than 10,000 years ago, Taiwan was connected to the mainland again. It was only due to the sea immersion that began 10,000 years ago that the mainland and Taiwan have been separated by the strait to this day. However, the deepest point of the Taiwan Strait is only more than 80 meters, while the Bashi Channel between Taiwan and the Philippines is several thousand meters deep.

According to research by archaeologists, the "Zuozhen Man" who lived in the late Paleolithic Age 30,000 years ago and was discovered in Taiwan came to Taiwan after a long journey from Fujian and other places. The clam shells excavated at the Neolithic shell mound site in Tanshishan, Minhou, Fujian, were dated to 3005 ± 90 years ago by carbon 14 dating, which is similar to the age of the Fengbitou site in Linyuan Township, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and there are sections of stone unearthed there. The characteristics of adzes, stamped pottery and other artifacts are very similar, proving that the primitive cultures of more than 3,000 years ago came from the same source.

The "Shang Shu Yu Gong" written during the Warring States Period records: "The island barbarians wear flowers, the Jue bandits weave shells, and the Jue bandits pack oranges, pomeloes and tin tributes." The "Dao Yi" here refers to today's Taiwan. . "The Classic of Mountains and Seas: Hai Nei Jing" calls Taiwan "Diaoti", "Historical Records: The Chronicles of Qin Shihuang" calls it "Yingzhou", "Hanshu: Geography" calls it "Eastern Anchovy", "Three Kingdoms: Biography of Sun Quan" Call it "Yizhou". The Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties collectively referred to Taiwan as "Liuqiu" or "Ryukyu". Chen Di's "Dongfan Ji" in the Ming Dynasty also called Taiwan "Dongfan". It was not until the late Ming Dynasty that the colloquial title "Taiwan" appeared. It was officially seen in official documents in the memorials of He Kai, Wang Jiayan and others in the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty. In the 23rd year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1684), Taiwan Prefecture was officially established. According to research, the name Taiwan evolved from the Hokkien words "Da Yuan", "Da Wan" and "Tai Yuan", and originated from the Taiwo and Wan ethnic groups in Tainan. Therefore, the name Taiwan was earlier than the Portuguese named "Formosa" (beautiful island), and earlier than the Dutch invasion of Taiwan.

According to the above-mentioned records in "Shang Shu·Yu Gong", it shows that Taiwanese residents more than two thousand years ago used "fine cloth" woven from bark, shells, orange pomelo, etc. as tributes to communicate with their motherland. A connection was made. In 230 AD, Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Dynasty sent Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to lead a fleet of ten thousand people to "Yizhou". This was a major event in Chinese history. Soon after, in the second year of Taiping (AD 257) of Sun Liang, when Linhai County was established, Taiwan was included in the territory. Shen Ying's "Linhai Land Chronicles" also wrote about Taiwan's location, sea range, climate, topography, products and residents. The book writes: "In the southeast of Linhai, two thousand miles away from the county, there is no snow and frost on the land, and the vegetation is immortal. It is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and is inhabited by all the barbarians. On the top of the mountain, there is an arrow shot by the King of Yue. The white stone is white." It can be seen from this. , "mountain barbarians" (that is, Taiwanese mountain compatriots) believe in King Yue as their ancestor.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the mainland and Taiwan had closer ties. During the Yuanhe period of the Tang Dynasty, Shi Jianwu, a Jinshi scholar, lived in seclusion and did not serve as an official. He took his family to settle in the Penghu Islands. "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" also includes a poem written by him:

Inscribed on Penghu Island

There are many ghost cities on the fishy seaside, and there is no countryside where barbarians live.

The black-skinned boy learned to fish for pearls, and the rhinoceros in his hand made salt water.

Wang Dayuan of the Yuan Dynasty's "Dao Yi Zhi Lue" and Chen Di's "Dong Fan Ji" of the Ming Dynasty both made detailed records of Taiwan's customs and customs, and are precious documents for studying Taiwan's history. As for the historical achievements of Zheng Chenggong and his son in recovering and developing Taiwan, they are well-known and evident in history.

2. Taiwanese mountain compatriots are also one family

The indigenous mountain compatriots in Taiwan Province (mainly the Gaoshan ethnic group) are also from mainland China. Mr. Zhang Qiyun, a Taiwanese scholar, pointed out in the "Preface to the Taiwan Series": "Today's mountain compatriots in Taiwan are the descendants of the Yue people in ancient Zhejiang Province. They have strange customs and customs that can be confirmed and consistent with ancient books." The characteristics of their cultural life, such as Qianlan, cliff burials, headhunting, tooth chisels, wooden drums, dog sacrifices, etc., are all similar to those of the ancient Baiyue people. According to records in ancient books such as "Hanshu", "Song History", and "Taiping Huanyu Ji", in ancient times, the Baiyue people on the southeast coast were engaged in navigation, and there were already footprints of hundreds of people on Taiwan Island. Later, due to the migration policies of Emperor Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Baiyue people were moved to the inland. The Baiyue talents on Taiwan island were isolated from the mainland and isolated overseas, forming today's indigenous mountain compatriots. Investigating their ancestral roots, they are also descendants of Yan and Huang, descendants of the ancient Yi tribe.

Therefore, during the more than two hundred years since the Qing Dynasty established the Taiwan Prefecture, Taiwanese compatriots were all proud of the descendants of Yan and Huang, and changed their surnames to Han surnames one after another. At that time, Taiwanese mountain compatriots generally followed two methods of changing their surnames: "surnames given by the government" and "self-identified surnames".

For example, in the early Qing Dynasty, the natives of Hsinchu assisted the officers and soldiers in quelling the rebellion. In the 23rd year of Qianlong's reign, the Qing government granted seven surnames including "Wei, Jin, Qian, Liao, Wang, Pan, and Li" to the local natives who had made meritorious service in helping the war. At present, there are about 86 surnames among Taiwan's indigenous mountain compatriots, among which the surname Pan is the most common. According to research by Mr. Hong Minlin, editor of the Taiwan Provincial Documentation Society, there are particularly many Shan compatriots with the surname Pan, which is closely related to immigrants from the mainland. It turns out that when mainland immigrants came to Taiwan to colonize, the Qing government implemented the "Fan Dazu" system to protect the indigenous people. That is, the indigenous mountain compatriots were landlords, while the mainland immigrants were tenants and had to pay rent. Therefore, the indigenous mountain compatriots believe that as long as there is water, fields, and rice, their lives will be safe. When the indigenous mountain people chose to change their surnames, they all adopted the surname Pan, which means "there is water, fields and rice".

Whether "the surname is given by the government" or "the surname is one's own", in the process of developing Taiwan, mainland immigrants and indigenous mountain compatriots have become an inseparable part of the Chinese nation.

Third, Taiwanese compatriots have their ancestral roots in the Central Plains

The vast majority of Han compatriots among Taiwanese residents are the offspring of immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong from mainland China since the Ming and Qing Dynasties