What is the history of foreign countries?

/kloc-Before the 7th century, only Indians and Eskimos lived in Yuan Ye in North America, but after more than 100 years of immigration, it has become the new home of people from all over Europe, and the 13 colony, which was mainly established by the British, declared its independence from Britain. After several consultations and reforms, the federal United States officially entered the world stage on the eve of the French Revolution. Early America welcomed foreign immigrants, which made her grow rapidly. The population of the United States was only 3 million in 1776, and now it has exceeded 200 million. In the process of rapid population growth, we are constantly exploring new living space, and the direction has always been from east to west. Pioneers who explored Xinjiang not only engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, but also looked for minerals and other resources. By the 20th century, the United States has become not only a world power, but also an advanced country with scientific, technological, medical and military powers. During the colonial period (1607 years ago), more than 20,000 years ago, there were a group of vagrants from Asia who came to Central and South America through North America. These people are the ancestors of Indians. When Columbus discovered the New World, there were about 20 million Indians living in America, of whom about 6.5438+0 million lived in present-day Canada and north-central America, and most of the rest lived in present-day Mexico and southern America. About 6.5438 million years ago, another group of Asians moved to northern North America, which became the Eskimos. The first white people who came to America may be vikings. They are a group of adventurous fishermen. Some people think that they went to the east coast of North America 1 0,000 years ago. During the colonial period (1607 ~1753)1607, a colonial group of about 100 people established Jamestown in Schabik Beach, which was the first permanent colony established by Britain in North America. Many colonists came one after another and settled in the coastal areas. Most of them came from Britain, and some came from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and other countries. In the middle of the 8th century, 13 British colonies gradually formed and had their own government and parliament under the supreme sovereignty of Britain. Due to the differences in climate and geographical environment, this has caused differences in economic forms, political systems and concepts. Independence Movement (1754 ~1783) 65438+In the middle of the 8th century, there was a rift between British colonies in America and Britain. The expansion of the colonies made them consciously persecuted in Britain, and they had the idea of independence. 12 representatives of the States gathered in Philadelphia to hold the so-called first continental conference, hoping to find a reasonable way to solve the problem peacefully with Britain. But the British king insisted that the colony must unconditionally submit to the British king and accept punishment. 195438+0775, the war was ignited in Massachusetts. In May, the Second Continental Congress was held, which strengthened the determination of war and independence. The famous "Declaration of Independence" was published, and sufficient reasons were put forward to fight this war, which was also the key factor for the final victory. In 2008+078 1 year, the US military won a decisive victory. In 2003, the United States and Britain signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the war of independence. The new government was established (1784 ~ 1868). Let the American people have the opportunity to express their political ideas in the form of legislation. 1787, a federal conference was held in Philadelphia, and Washington was promoted to chairman. They adopted the principle that the power of the central government is general, but it must be carefully defined and explained. At the same time, they also accepted the fact that the national government must have the power to levy taxes, mint money, adjust commerce, declare war and conclude treaties. In addition, in order to prevent the central power from being too large, Montesquieu's theory of balance of power is adopted, that is, three departments of equal cooperation and mutual checks and balances are set up in the government, that is, the legislative, executive and judicial powers are reconciled with each other. Check and balance without any right occupying a controlling position. Expansion to the west (1820 ~1849)1At the beginning of the 9th century, thousands of people crossed the Appalachian Mountains and migrated westward. Some pioneers moved to the American border. Even in the territory of Mexico and Oregon between Alaska and California, pioneers bravely and diligently sought a better life in the west. The conflict between north and south (1850 ~ 1869) caused the civil war, not only economic, political and military issues, but also ideological conflicts. The civil war exposed America's weakness. The existence of this country has been tested. After this test, the United States embarked on the road of a centralized and modern country. There is a dispute between the north and the south on the issue of slaves. The main policy of the south in national politics is to protect and expand the interests represented by the "cotton and slavery" system; On the other hand, the northern States are mainly manufacturing, commercial and financial centers, and there is no need to rely on slaves for these production. This kind of economic and political conflict has a long history. In the early 1960s, 65,438+065,438+0 southern states seceded from the federation and another government was established. However, the northern states indicated that they were willing to pay any price for reunification. When the Civil War broke out, Americans fought face to face for four years. South China has been severely damaged, leaving deep scars.40100.00000000005 1865, the north was defeated. This victory not only shows that the United States has been reunified, but also that slavery is no longer practiced in all parts of the country. Industrialization and Reform (1870 ~1916)1At the beginning of the 9th century, the United States began to industrialize, but it entered a mature stage after the civil war. It took less than 50 years from the civil war to the first world war, and it changed from an agricultural country to a country. A large number of products have increased. The national railway network has improved the circulation of goods. Many new inventions have met the needs of the public. The banking industry provides loans to promote the development of industry and commerce. Therefore, the nearly 30 years from 1890 to 19 17 is called the so-called "progress period", 19 14. 19 17, the United States was finally involved in the whirlpool of war and tried to play a new role in the world. The new position of the world (19 17 ~ 1929) During the postwar 10 years, American society and culture can be said to be lifeless and heartless. In 10, it belongs to the merchant class. According to the statistics of 1929, the ratio of living in cities to living in hometown is 56%: 44%. At this time, all the features of modern life, such as cars, telephones, radios and washing machines, have become necessities of life. There are two reasons why the postwar economy showed great prosperity. First of all, the government no longer intervenes in private enterprises and protects them through legislation. Second, driven by new technologies. Although the economy is growing rapidly, the foundation is unstable. During the period of economic recession and economic panic in World War II (1930 ~ 1959), it affected not only the United States, but also all countries in the world. The economic panic caused millions of workers to lose their jobs, a large number of farmers were forced to give up their farmland, and factories and shops closed. The bank closed ... it was a depression. 1932, Roosevelt was elected president. He argued that the government should take action to end the economic panic. Although the new government solved many difficulties, the American economy didn't wake up until World War II. After World War II, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union deteriorated day by day, and preparations were stepped up in military, political, economic and propaganda aspects, just like in wartime. This state is called "Cold War". Since 1960, American history has been a continuation of postwar development in many ways. Economically, it is still expanding except for the cyclical recession. The population moving from cities to suburbs continues to increase. 1970, the population living in suburbs exceeded the population living in cities. 1960, the black issue has become the most important issue in the United States. 1in the middle of 960, many Americans began to be dissatisfied with the government's foreign policy. In addition, due to the development of industry and the concentration of population, the pollution of ecological environment attracted people's attention in the late 1960s. In the early 1970s, the economic depression caused by the energy crisis was the worst since the Great Panic. In the mid-1970s, the economy recovered, but in the late 1970s, inflation reappeared. 55438+0976, the bicentennial of the founding of the United States, celebrations were held all over the country. On April 198 1, the United States successfully launched the space shuttle Columbia, which brought mankind into another new era in space. Reagan was re-elected in 2008+0985, and the United States will turn a new page in the ever-changing history of human development.