Contents of the history manuscript for the first year of high school

History is extended. History is the inheritance, accumulation and expansion of culture, and the trajectory of human civilization. Below, I will share with you the content of the historical handwritten newspaper for the first year of high school, I hope it will be helpful to everyone!

1. Enfeoffment system

Purpose: to consolidate national power

Contents: ① Objects of enfeoffment - royal family, heroes, and nobles of the past generations, ② Obligations of the enfeoffed person - obey the orders of the King of Zhou, guard the territory, follow in battles, pay tribute, and report on pilgrimage. ③Rights of the ennobled - hereditary positions, appointment of officials, establishment of armed forces, conscription of taxes and servitude.

Function: ① Strengthened Emperor Zhou’s jurisdiction over local areas. ② Expanded the ruling area and developed remote areas; ③ Formed a political structure that favored the Zhou royal family; ④ Zhou became a powerful country that lasted for hundreds of years. However, the vassal states had considerable independence, which posed the hidden danger of division and separatism.

2. Patriarchal system

Definition: Patriarchal system is a social system that maintains political hierarchy and consolidates rule based on the closeness of patrilineal blood relationships.

Characteristics: eldest son inheritance system

The relationship between the patriarchal system and the feudal system: The feudal system and the patriarchal system are the two pillars of the Western Zhou political system, and they are mutually reinforcing.

Impact: The patriarchal system ensures the political monopoly and privileged status of the nobility, and is also conducive to the stability and unity within the ruling group.

Characteristics of China’s early political system: with patriarchal system as the core and strong tribal overtones.

3. The unification of Qin:

In 221 BC, Qin destroyed the six kingdoms, and King Yingzheng of Qin established the first unified, centralized feudal authoritarian state in Chinese history. Country - Qin Dynasty.

IV. The formation of the authoritarian centralized political system of the Qin Dynasty

Content: ① Establish the title of "Emperor" and establish the emperor system. The political, economic, and military power of the country was under the overall control of the emperor, and the main officials from the central to the local governments were appointed and removed by the emperor.

② Set up the central official system of Sangong and Nine Ministers: Prime Minister - to help the emperor handle national political affairs; Yushi Dafu - to supervise hundreds of officials; Taiwei - responsible for national military affairs.

③ Implement the county system in local areas: the chief of a county is a county guard, and the chief of a county is called a county magistrate or county chief, and they are all directly appointed and removed by the emperor.

Impact: It consolidated the unity of the country, promoted social stability and economic and cultural development, established the basic pattern of China's political system for more than two thousand years, and played an important role in the formation of the Chinese nation.

Negative effects: Strengthening the oppression of the people can easily lead to tyranny and intensify class conflicts.

5. Measures taken by the Qin Dynasty to consolidate unification:

① Promulgate Qin laws and unify decrees; ② Unify currency, weights and measures; ③ Unify writing; ④ Build Chidao and Lingqu; ⑤ Build the Great Wall; organize immigration.

The reason for the demise of the Qin Dynasty was Qin’s tyranny

6. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty strengthened centralization of power

Background: In the early Han Dynasty, prefectures and states were running in parallel, and kingdom problems arose

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Measures: Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty put down the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms"; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented the Tuen Order

Function: It solved the problem of the kingdom, strengthened the centralization of power, and consolidated and developed the situation of great unification.

From the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, the separatist situation of vassal towns appeared

7. Strengthening of centralization in the early Song Dynasty

Measures: ①Military: Release military power with a cup of wine, lift The military power of the generals in the DPRK and local military envoys; strengthening the forbidden army and strengthening the weak branches. ② Administratively: appoint civil servants as local governors; set up general magistrates to be responsible for supervision. ③Economically: A small part of local taxes is used as local expenditure, and the rest is controlled by the central government.

Impact: ① It strengthened the central government’s control over local areas and eliminated the phenomenon of separatism among feudal lords and towns. ② It resulted in redundant officials, redundant soldiers and redundant expenses, laying the root of "poverty and weakness".

8. The Tang Dynasty implemented a system of three provinces and six ministries

The central government of the Tang Dynasty established Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province and Shangshu Province, which were respectively responsible for decision-making, deliberation and implementation. The chief officials of the three provinces are all prime ministers, which disperses the power of the prime ministers. The Shangshu Province consists of six departments: officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments, and work, establishing and improving the management system of three provinces and six departments.

9. The Yuan Dynasty implemented the provincial system

Background: Unprecedented territory expansion

Overview: The central government established Zhongshu Province; the local government established ten provinces and the Xuanzheng Yuan Jurisdiction

Meaning: It strengthens the jurisdiction over the whole country; strengthens centralization of power and consolidates unity. It was the beginning of China's provincial system and had a profound impact on later generations.

10. Changes in the system of selecting and employing officials

Dynasty system

Han Dynasty inspection system

Nine-rank Zhongzheng in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties System

Sui, Tang, Song and Qing Dynasty Imperial Examination System

11. Strengthening of Monarchy in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Taizu of the Ming Dynasty adjusted the central and local official systems to strengthen centralization: ① The prime minister was abolished and six ministries were established; the province was abolished and three departments were established. ②The establishment of the cabinet. Essence: It is the product of strengthening the monarchy.