The history of Israel's founding, which country did Israel belong to before it was founded?

During the Byzantine period (4th century AD), a large number of Christians flooded into Palestine. At that time, the population of Palestine was composed of Christians, Jews and pagan Christians, as well as Romans and indigenous people. Around the 7th century AD, the armies of Muslim Arabs moved northward and occupied most of the Middle East, including Palestine. Since then, Muslim control over Palestine has continued until the beginning of the 20th century. During this long period of Muslim rule, the Ottoman Empire of Turkey incorporated Palestine into its territory in 15 17. During this period, the Sultan of Turkey also invited diaspora Jews to settle in Palestinian cities. /kloc-At the end of 0/8, Napoleon invaded, and Palestinian Arabs took the opportunity to resist the rule of Egypt and Turkey, which led to the further opening of the border of the Turkish Empire, the simultaneous increase of the Jewish and Arab populations, and the enhancement of the national consciousness of the two peoples. By 1880, the Palestinian population had reached 400,000, including about 24,000 Jews. At this time, the Ottoman government began to take severe measures to limit Jewish immigration, but Jews took various means to move into Palestine.

At this time, in Europe in the19th century, the tide of anti-Semitism coexisted with the Jewish liberation movement in Europe, and the idea of modern nation-state was intertwined with the yearning for the traditional Jewish homeland, which ignited the fire of Zionism in the hearts of Jews scattered in Europe. In particular, the anti-Semitic and anti-Semitic policies of eastern European countries have accelerated the migration of European Jews to Palestine. It was also at this time that European Jews began to systematize Zionism. Rabbi yehuda Alcalay, a Jewish priest, published many Hebrew articles about Zionism in the 1940s. In addition, in 1896, Hecl, a Hungarian-born Jewish lawyer, published The Jewish State, which fully explained Zionism. In August of the following year, the Zionists held the "First World Zionist Conference" in Basel, Switzerland. The General Assembly hopes to establish a Jewish state in Palestine according to Hecl's idea. Zionists attending the meeting predicted that millions of European Jews would emigrate to Palestine, forming an absolute majority of the population. As for the local Arabs, it is not within their consideration. By 19 14, the Palestinian population is about 700,000, including 6 10000 Arabs and less than 654,380+000 Jews.

After the outbreak of World War I, the Ottoman Empire, the ruler of Palestine, formed an alliance with Germany. At this time, cholera and typhoid fever broke out in Palestine, and Turkish military leaders decided to expel all foreigners, and a large number of Jews were expelled from Palestine again. During this period, only Russian Jews were able to avoid being deported. These Jews who stayed behind became British partners and later helped the British army fight against Turkey. At the same time, Britain also needs Arab help. The British government made an oath to the Arabs that they would be independent after the war as long as they supported the allied forces against the Turks. 19 16 years, under the leadership of T.E. Lawrence, Arabs really rebelled against the rule of the Turks. But after the war, Britain denied its commitment to Arabs, and Palestine became Britain's "mandated land". About 70% of the post-war Palestinian population are Arabs and 30% are Jews and Christians.

At this time, in Britain, a group of zionists lobbied the British Parliament, which eventually led to the signing of the famous Balfour Declaration in June19171year, promising to build a Jewish homeland and ensure that the rights and beliefs of non-Jewish communities would not be violated. The reason why Britain did this was mainly because if Germany made a similar commitment to Jews, it would pull international Jews to the German side. The British move was strongly opposed by Palestinian Arabs, who insisted that Palestine was Arab land and put pressure on the British authorities through riots and strikes. At the same time, the Arabs also instigated the United States to intervene in this matter to influence Britain's Middle East policy. Alef Pasha Dajani, an Arab leader, once said to the representatives sent by the United States: History has proved that it is impossible to live with Jews, and Jews are not welcome in all countries because they have consumed all their blood. In this case, Jews also realized that they could not avoid conflicts with Palestinian Arabs, and later became the Prime Minister of the State of Israel. David Ben Gurion once said in a speech at 19 19: No one can find any solution. We want this land to become our own country, and Arabs should do the same.

At this time, Britain did an incredible thing. In order to thank Abdul, the son of Hussein, the chief executive of Mecca, for fighting bravely for Britain, Winston, then British colonial minister? 192 1 year's "Sunday afternoon", Churchill had a whim and handed over the management of the area east of the Jordan River to Abdul, which is three quarters of the total area of Palestine under British jurisdiction. Abdul immediately renamed the area the Kingdom of Hacim, Jordan, and won the title of king in 1946. Although the area of Palestine is shrinking sharply, Zionists in the United States and Britain are still encouraging Jews to move to Palestine, where only a quarter of the original territory remains. By 1929, the Palestinian population is becoming more and more dense, which leads to intensified competition and economic depression. Rich and well-educated Jews are very competitive. They bought a lot of land, which led to the displacement of Arab farmers and poured into cities. Arabs began to expect that the influx of Jews from Europe and America would gradually crowd out Arabs who lacked commercial competitiveness. Moreover, immigrants show off their different lifestyles from most Arabs, which also arouse the envy of local people. In 1929, 1930 and 193 1 year, Jewish settlements were attacked by Arabs and threatened by terrorists.

At this time, the Nazis came to power in Germany and began the atrocities of persecuting Jews. When the suffering of Jews began to be known, the British government had to relax the quota of Jews moving to Palestine. Between 1933 and 1935, more than130,000 Jews were allowed to move in, and there were tens of thousands of illegal immigrants. Since then, Palestine has become an active volcano full of violence and terror. Terrorism is all over the region, and the British authorities can't maintain basic order at all. 1942, American zionists gathered in new york and adopted the Biltmore Plan, demanding the establishment of a Jewish state and a Jewish army in Palestine. Soon, Arabs and Jews entered into full-scale preparations, and both sides fought and killed, and Palestine became a battlefield of burning, killing and looting.

After World War II, a large number of Jewish refugees were liberated from concentration camps all over Europe. Western countries are unwilling to accept these refugees, so the British government's immigration control over Palestine has been under great pressure from all sides. The United States keeps demanding to increase the quota of Jewish immigrants, while Arabs and Jews are putting pressure on the British authorities through violent means. Albania demands control of immigration, while the Jewish side demands relaxation of immigration. Arabs carried out terrorist attacks on Jewish settlements, while Jews blew up roads and bridges and assassinated British officials to prevent the British authorities from pursuing illegal Jewish immigrants. In the end, the British government decided to get rid of the hot potato of Palestine. 1947 In April, the British government submitted the Palestinian issue to the United Nations for settlement, announced the end of the mandated rule, and withdrew all its troops one year later. 1947165438+1On 29 October, the second session of the General Assembly adopted resolution 18 1, which stipulated that two States, an Arab State and a Jewish State, should be established on Palestinian land, and the city of Jerusalem should be under the special administration of the United Nations. However, the Arab side refused to accept the United Nations resolution, because Arabs accounted for more than two-thirds of the Palestinian population, but only got 43% of the barren land. The population of the Jewish state only accounts for 1/3, but it has acquired 57% of the fertile coastal land. 1948, 15 in may, the Jewish interim government unilaterally announced the establishment of the state of Israel (instead of adopting the "Jewish state" as the country name). In February of the following year, the Constituent Assembly convened and adopted an interim constitution, declaring the country a democratic republic. Ben. Gurion became the first Prime Minister of Israel.

On the second day after Israel announced its founding, Arab League countries Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan (later renamed Jordan) refused to recognize Israel and declared war on it, and the first Middle East war broke out.