human geography

1. Go beyond a certain distance (cross the administrative boundary) and change the behavior of settlements.

Population mobility (spatial location change) includes: ① population mobility: temporarily leaving the permanent residence, such as traveling or business trip; ② Population migration.

[Thinking] ① Traveling abroad is an international immigrant; ② It is an international immigrant for China university students to study for a master's degree in the United States.

2. Classification: According to whether the scope of population migration crosses national boundaries, it can be divided into domestic population migration and international population migration.

According to the direction of migration, it can be divided into: rural to urban migration (in the history of developed countries, developing countries are currently) and urban to rural migration.

Immigration (a new trend in developed countries)

3. Characteristics

International personages before the discovery of the New World (1): Immigrants are concentrated in the Old World, with more transnational immigrants and less transcontinental immigrants.

Population migration after the discovery of the New World ②: Transcontinental migration, from Asia, Europe and Africa in the old world to South, North America and Oceania in the New World.

③ After World War II (modern times), sending foreign workers (labor export) became the main form of international population migration.

The number of international refugees (including environmental refugees) who moved to underdeveloped areas increased and lasted for a long time.

Immigrants with excellent talents from developing countries

Population migration flows to Europe: emigrants become emigrants, and Latin America: emigrants become emigrants.

North America, Oceania: It has been moving in.

Asia, Africa: Always going out.

The most direct causes of domestic population migration in history are: migration, war and natural disasters.

Before the Qing dynasty, because of the war, the population moved from the Yellow River basin to the Pearl River basin and the Yangtze River basin.

Qing-New China: Going East and West for Economy.

Before the reform and opening up after the founding of the People's Republic of China: responding to the call of the state, developing Xinjiang, etc. Due to the planned economy and strict household registration management, there is little population migration.

After the reform and opening up, people moved from backward areas to developed areas, with frequent population movements and increased scale.

Reasons for migration: the push-pull effect leads to unfavorable migration conditions and favorable migration conditions.

4. Reasons Economic reasons (main factors): For example, Three Gorges migrants (development migrants).

Political factors: political persecution (Uganda), war (Israeli-Palestinian war), organized immigration (immigrants guarding the border)

Social culture: religious persecution (partition of India), ethnic discrimination (Indians), cultural tradition (China stayed behind).

Ecological environment: ecological environment difference and environmental deterioration (Irish flood immigrants)

5. Other families and marriages: Men and women get married and separate.

Gender and age: Men are more likely to migrate than women, and young people are more likely to migrate than children and the elderly.

[Thinking] The reasons why American elderly people move to sunny areas are: good natural environment (climatic conditions) and low living expenses.

Section 3 Environmental Carrying Capacity and Reasonable Population Capacity

Environmental carrying capacity ① definition: from the perspective of "survival", the maximum population that can be supported.

(Environmental population capacity) ② Influencing factors: resources (main factors) (barrel effect is determined by the scarcest resources), economy, etc.

Sunlight and air have no limit on the environmental carrying capacity. At present, the most widely used is the grain output to estimate the carrying capacity.

③ Features: uncertainty and relative certainty. The world is 654.38+0 billion, and China is 654.38+0.6 billion.

Definition of reasonable person: from the perspective of "development", it is more meaningful to raise up to how many people.

Influencing factors of population capacity ① natural environment: positive correlation (actual population indirectly reflects reasonable population capacity)

② Regional openness: positive correlation (Japan, Netherlands and Belgium use other countries' resources).

③ Domestic natural resources: positive correlation ④ Quality of life and consumption level: negative correlation.

⑤ the level of scientific and technological development: uncertainty: when developing more resources > needing more resources: positive correlation.

When more developed resources