Distribution of Han nationality in Xinjiang

1. During the Han Dynasty, Han people appeared in the Western Regions.

Xinjiang, called the Western Regions in ancient times, is located in the western border of the motherland, which is the meeting point of the world's major civilizations and an important channel for ethnic migration. According to the History of Xinjiang edited by Ma Dazheng, before the Han Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty, people called the Han people in Xinjiang "Qinren", while ancient India called ancient China "Qinni" and "zhina", which was the sound change of Qin. It can be seen from a large number of cultural relics unearthed in various parts of Xinjiang that many mainland residents came to Xinjiang before Zhang Qian sent out to the Western Regions in the 2nd century BC. In BC 10 1 year, the Western Han Dynasty began to reclaim land in Luntai, Yuli and other places south of Tianshan Mountain. After the establishment of Khufu in the Western Regions in 60 BC, border officials, foot soldiers, businessmen and their families came to Xinjiang in large numbers, and the Han nationality gradually formed a distribution pattern of scattered throughout Xinjiang and gathered in small areas, which continued until the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties.

2. Xuanzang became the "royal brother" of Hanwang in Gaochang.

During the Sixteen Countries and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were frequent wars in the mainland of China, and the rule of Huaxia regime in Xinjiang gradually weakened, but the existence of Han people in Xinjiang continued. Many mainland Han people moved to Hexi Corridor and then moved to Xinjiang. They and the descendants of soldiers who settled in Wei and Jin Dynasties gathered in Gaochang (now Turpan) and established Gaochang Kingdom with Han people as the main body. At the end of the 5th century, Qu Jia, a native of Jincheng (now Lanzhou), proclaimed himself King Gaochang. This tortuous Gaochang kingdom has existed for more than 1.4 years and was once the most powerful regime in Xinjiang. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang became a monk and went to India to learn from the scriptures via Xinjiang. Wang Wentai of Gaochang revered the eminent monks, regarded Xuanzang as "the eldest brother" and provided a lot of manpower and material resources to help Xuanzang travel westward. This incident was written in the Records of the Western Regions of Datang, and was later changed by The Journey to the West to Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin, who recognized Xuanzang as the royal brother, which led to the feminine "royal brother" of the king of the daughter country.

Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in western Xinjiang.

During the Tang Dynasty, a large number of Han people settled in Xinjiang through various channels, such as joining the army, opening up wasteland, doing business, being an official and emigrating. According to Miao Pusheng and Tian's Outline of Xinjiang History, the Tang Dynasty was concentrated in Yizhou (now Hami), Xizhou (now Turpan), Tingzhou (now Jimsar) and Anxi four towns, namely, Qiuci (now Kuqa), Yanqi (now Yanqi), Yutian (now Hotan). According to the demographic data of Xuanzong period in Tang Dynasty, there are more than 70,000 Han people in Iraq, Spain and Tingzhou, about 30,000 soldiers in Anxi four towns, and tens of thousands of family members. The settlements of the Han people in the Tang Dynasty even included today's Broken Leaf City in Kyrgyzstan, where Li Bai's parents used to do business. Some people think that Li Bai was born there. The Han people brought Chinese chives, onions, cabbages, peaches, dates, pears and other mainland crops to Xinjiang, while the skilled craftsmen of the Han people set up large-scale papermaking, tanning and silk weaving workshops. China's papermaking was spread to the west by Han craftsmen in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

4. Mainlanders brought technologies such as pumping water.

Since then, there have been several climaxes of Han people moving to Xinjiang. At the beginning of the 3rd century, when Genghis Khan went west, the army included a large number of Jurchen, Khitan and Han people. According to Li Zhichang, a disciple of Qiu Chuji, the leader of Taoist Quanzhen School, it is recorded in Journey to the West by Changchun Reality that "all the customs guards are from China" near Sailimu Lake. In the Yuan Dynasty, after seeing the pumping technology brought by the mainland people, the local people in Arimali (now Huocheng) praised "Peach Blossom Stone (referring to Han people) as everything is ingenious". There, "Uighurs and Han people live together, and the customs are getting worse, quite like China.