The birth of Yunyangfu

After the mid-Ming Dynasty, political corruption, fatuous emperors, autocratic eunuchs, corrupt officials, violent land annexation and disasters occurred one after another: floods, droughts and locusts occurred frequently. All kinds of bad social living environment led to a large number of farmers losing their land and jobs after the middle of Ming Dynasty, and they were on the verge of being unable to make a living. Groups of farmers have left their homes and fled everywhere, and refugees are all over the country. Since the middle of Ming Dynasty, the problem of refugees has become a serious social problem.

Jingxiang area was the largest refugee gathering area at that time. Bankrupt farmers poured in from all directions, and the number of refugees suddenly increased to1500,000. Shiyan city is located in the northwest of Jingxiang area today. During the Yuan Dynasty to Mindfulness, refugees gathered here. At that time, the government took this area as a forbidden area, and people were not allowed to move in, but it was out of control until the demise of the Yuan Dynasty. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang continued the yuan system and still implemented the policy of banning Jingxiang area. He once sent Deng Yu, the Duke of Wei, to Fangxian to clear up, "No refugees are allowed to enter an empty door." The largest closed mountain area in Ming Dynasty is Jingxiang area with Shiyan city as the center. Jingxiang area generally refers to the junction of Huguang, Henan and Sichuan provinces, starting from the eastern end of Zhong Nanshan in the west, reaching Tongbai Mountain and Dabie Mountain in the southeast, Funiu Mountain in the northeast and Jingshan Mountain in the south. The mountains here are continuous and the rivers are deep in the forest. Because the area was vast and sparsely populated at that time, it was easy to obtain cultivated land. At the same time, the climate here is between the north and the south, with mild climate and moderate rainfall. It can be used to grow paddy fields and dry land. Such a natural environment is easy for people in the north and south to adapt to life and work, so refugees regard it as an ideal destination. In the Ming Dynasty, Supplement to Yan Yi, a great scholar, said: Jingzhou, Xiangyang and Nanyang have the advantages of waterways. "Southerners are good for hydroponics, northerners are good for land cultivation, and there are more refugees and overseas Chinese living here than in other counties." Why did the rulers of past dynasties implement the policy of closing mountains in this area? Simply put, it is "afraid of refugees gathering to make trouble", which has broken the ruling order. The government adopted the policy of forcibly expelling and forcibly dismissing refugees to return home, which led to the unprecedented intensification of the contradiction between the government closing the mountain and the refugees' anti-closing the mountain, and finally triggered the famous second Jingxiang refugee uprising in history. Earth-shattering uprising storm, some history books call it "Jingxiang Refugee Uprising", others call it "China Ancient Refugee Uprising" and so on. In short, it was the "storm" that gave birth to Yunyang House. Historical records such as Ming History, Tong Ming Jian, Chronicle of Ming History, etc. It is recorded that in the spring of the first year of Chenghua (1465), the first Jingxiang refugee uprising broke out in Damuchang, Fangxian County, Shiyan City. The man who led the uprising was called Liu Tong. Liu Tong, a native of Xihua, Henan Province, was called Liu Qianjin because he had raised the stone lion in front of the county government with both hands. In his early years, he robbed the rich man Li in Dengzhou and was chased by the government. During the orthodox years, he lived in exile in the mountainous areas around Xiangyang and Fangxian. In April of the first year of Chenghua, he raised the banner of uprising and got the support and response from the refugees. After the uprising, Liu Tong called himself "Hanwang", and the number of insurgents grew rapidly from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. Based on the northwest of Huguang, it attacked Nanyang in Henan, reached the west bank of Hanshui River in Shaanxi, and reached Huguang Huang Zhi in the east, which was unprecedented since the establishment of the Ming Dynasty. The uprising broke out and shocked the Ming Dynasty. In order to suppress the uprising, in the second year of Chenghua (1466), the court sent Li Zhen and Wang Shu, general of Huguang, to lead troops into the mountains for encirclement and suppression. The insurgents used the tactics of luring the enemy into the depth, and defeated the government troops many times in Meixi and other places in Fangxian County, killing 38 officers under the command of the capital. "Things are getting better" and out of control. At the end of the same year, the imperial court sent more troops to suppress it, and Liu Tong was forced to lead the rebels to Shouyang. He wanted to retreat to Shaanxi to preserve his strength, but he was blocked by officers and men and met with obstacles on the way. After two days of fierce fighting, the rebels lost, Liu Tong was captured and sent to Beijing for torture, and the first Jingxiang refugee uprising was brutally suppressed. However, the contradiction between refugees and the government has not been alleviated. Since then, the Jingxiang area has been in drought for years, and the refugees in Jingxiang area remain the same, and nearly one million refugees make a living in the mountains. The court heard the news and tried to arrest it, which triggered the second Jingxiang refugee uprising. In the sixth year of Chenghua (1470), the leader of the second uprising was Yuan Lee, who claimed to be "King Taiping" and appointed company commanders and vanguard officers to move to Xiangyang to Nanzhang, Nanyang to Neixiang and Xi 'an to Weinan, and millions of refugees responded. This is a refugee uprising with the largest number of participants in history, with a huge momentum. The imperial court shook again and cracked down crazily. In the seventh year of Chenghua (147 1), Yuan Lee led the rebel army to Zhushan, and was flooded when crossing the river. At this time, he joined the officers and men. The officers and men took advantage of the "half-crossing interception" of the insurgents. As a result, the insurgents suffered a heavy blow, and Yuan Lee was captured by officers and men. Many rebels were drowned and the second Jingxiang refugee uprising was brutally suppressed again. There have always been many theories about the origin of clouds. The first theory is that it comes from meteorites. Some people say that in the past, people called the local area "meteor sun" because of the falling of meteorites. Later, the local people changed the word "meteor" to "Yunyang", which is the origin of Yunyang's name. The second view is that it originated from Wu Zixu's famous work Wu. Some people say that Wu Zixu borrowed an army from Wu to attack Chu for revenge. Hearing that the King of Chu had ascended the throne in Yunxian County, he led his troops to Yunxian County, and the King of Chu fled to Fangling. So Wu Zixu stationed troops in Yunxian County. After Wu left, people named his name "membership system" to commemorate him. Later, people added a "city" to the right of "member", and "city" was written on the right side, so "member" became the "rhyme" we see today. The third view holds that the word "rhyme" is similar to the word "rhyme". [Qing] Shaanxi Tongzhi records, [Qing] Hubei Tongzhi Yu records, historical research and so on. There are records: Wanxi Wuguan, Yun Guan. In Yun Guan and Collection of Solutions, Guangxu said: "Publishing House: Hanzhong. Also known as the word field'.' Xi is also called Xi, which is similar to Xi. The fourth argument comes from the cover of Historical Records. Some articles say that the word "Yunyang" originated from a loan word in Historical Records. According to the phonological transformation, the word "cloud" in Yunyang is investigated, and it is considered that it is transformed from the pronunciation of "cloud" in Yunyang. The fifth view is that it originated from immigration. It is said that Yunyang is the seat of two ancient countries, and now Anlu in Hubei is the seat of the ancient country. The ancient country destroyed Chu first, then the cloud. When the cloud perished, its nobles were forced to move to the old country (mainly referring to the land of Yunxian County now) to live together, and this place was later named, hence the name. It is also said that after the Battle of Chu Yun Pu Sao in the Spring and Autumn Period, the destroyed Yunzhou adherents were forced to move northward to Yunxian County today, so there was a "Yun" in this area. The sixth view is that it originated from ancient Yun State. Ancient documents such as Notes on Water Classics recorded: "The Hanshui River is in the east of Yun Xiang County, so it is in the south of the city, so it is called Yun Xiang Beach ..." Geography said: "There is a pass, and Li Qi thinks Yunzi is a country. Jin Taikang established the county in five years. "There are also Reading Historical Records, A Record of the Unification of Qing Dynasty, Shaanxi Tongzhi and so on. Today, many people hold a similar understanding. For example, Ci Yuan commented on Yun County: "Yun County belongs to Hubei Province and is the country of Yun Zi. "Another example is the Textual Research on the State of Chu, which said that Yunzhou was a branch of the foreign country and moved south to Yunxian County, Hubei Province because it did not want to belong to the Shang Dynasty. After being made a viscount at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, Yunguo went into the city with his daughter surnamed Zi and became the country of Yunxi or Yunzi. Most importantly, we believe that the first statement cannot be verified in the literature. I have consulted many historical documents, including Yun Xian Zhi, Yun Yang Fu Zhi and Hubei Tong Zhi. There is no record of meteorite phenomenon in Yunxian county, and there is no record of what Yunyang calls "meteorite".