Causes of poverty in the poverty belt around the capital

The superposition of multiple factors has caused "contiguous poverty" in some areas around the capital. On the one hand, the natural conditions in this area are bad, the local financial resources are limited, and the support is not enough; On the other hand, because the capital shoulders the special mission of protecting water resources and ecology, the state has implemented a policy of restricting development in this area, so the factor of "policy poverty" cannot be underestimated.

The main characteristics of these 25 poverty-stricken counties around the capital can be summarized in eight words: petrochemical, cold, drought and lack of fields. Among them, 6 counties are located in Bashang Plateau, 19 counties are located in Taihang Mountain, Yanshan Mountain and Hengshan Mountain, and 20 counties belong to the old revolutionary base areas. The natural conditions in these areas are harsh, and most of them are located in alpine regions and deep forests, with drought and water shortage and frequent disasters. Among them, Bashang alpine region is located in the southern edge of Inner Mongolia Plateau, with an annual average temperature of only 65,438 0.4 degrees, a frost-free period of 90- 100 days, an annual average precipitation of only 350 mm and an annual average windy day of 65 days.

Poor natural conditions, fragile ecological environment, low ability of farmers to resist natural disasters, high cost of poverty alleviation and insufficient support have made it very difficult to help the poor in these areas. In many places, small disasters return to poverty, and major disasters return to poverty. According to statistics of Zhangjiakou Poverty Alleviation Office, in 2009, the number of people returning to poverty reached 259,600 due to the once-in-50-year drought.

Due to the extremely harsh natural conditions, 26,000 people in 87 villages in cities and counties need to move. However, as a national key poverty alleviation and development county, the poverty alleviation funds allocated to Chicheng County by the higher level finance are only 9.8 million yuan each year. Excluding financial interest subsidies, training and other special funds, the cost that can really be used for rural infrastructure transformation and village relocation is only about 7 million yuan. This is almost a drop in the bucket for poor mountainous areas that need 200,000 to 300,000 yuan to build a kilometer of "village to village".

Practice has proved that the cost of infrastructure and industrial input in mountainous areas is 20 times and 5 times that in plain areas respectively. Most of these old revolutionary areas around the capital have harsh natural conditions. Before liberation, it was a land of mountains and valleys that the Kuomintang ruling forces could not reach. Since the founding of New China 60 years ago, especially after the reform and opening-up, although Party committees and governments at all levels have given some inclination and support to these areas, due to insufficient overall investment and support, and weak financial resources, it is difficult to support people in these areas, such as travel, draught, product trading, external communication and information utilization, and so on, which have not been fundamentally solved.

Laishui County is located at the northern end of the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, and the hilly area accounts for 80% of the total area of the county. In addition, Laishui is a national poverty-stricken county, and it is financially difficult to build high-grade highways. Most of the county's existing mileage of 1 000 kilometers is low-standard county and township roads. By the end of last year, there were 65438+ in the county.

These 25 poverty-stricken counties around the capital are important water sources and ecological barriers in Beijing. In order to ensure the water supply and ecological environment of the capital, the state has implemented a policy of restricting development in these areas. For example, in these mountainous areas, grazing is completely banned, high-water consumption agriculture is strictly controlled, and high-polluting enterprises are shut down on a large scale. To a certain extent, these measures have also led to a growing development gap between these areas and surrounding areas, making it difficult to get rid of poverty and become rich.

Take Chicheng County as an example. Chicheng is a resource-rich county in Hebei Province, which is rich in mineral resources, water conservancy, forestry and animal husbandry. Among them, hematite and magnetite reserves rank second in the province, and zeolite reserves rank first in Asia. But because Chicheng is located in the upper water area of Beijing, there are three cups of water in Beijing and one cup of water in Chicheng. In order to ensure the ecological and water supply safety in the capital area, Chicheng County has implemented restrictive policies on resource development in recent years, cutting down more than 70 economic cooperation projects that may cause water pollution, resulting in nearly 100 million yuan in profit and tax losses every year; 59 compression enterprises were shut down and nearly 1,000 people were laid off.

Developing animal husbandry was once an important means for many mountain farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich. However, in order to cooperate with the sandstorm source control project in Beijing and Tianjin, from June 5+February, 2002, all these mountainous areas around the capital were prohibited from grazing. According to the statistics of Chicheng County Animal Husbandry Bureau, the number of sheep and cattle in the county decreased by 480,000 and 46,000 respectively in just three or four years after the implementation of the grazing ban policy. This alone, the per capita income of farmers in the county has decreased by nearly 300 yuan every year. The statistics of Laishui County also show that after the implementation of the grazing ban policy, the number of sheep raised in this county has decreased by 400,000, resulting in more than 3,000 farmers in hilly areas returning to poverty again.

For the construction and operation of Guanting Reservoir, Zhangjiakou City undertook 70,000 migrants, covering an area of 200 square kilometers. Tens of thousands of acres of land collapsed and abandoned, affecting the production and life of hundreds of thousands of people. Up to now, tens of thousands of immigrants have not been lifted out of poverty.

In addition, most of these poverty-stricken counties and cities around the capital belong to the old revolutionary base areas, and some cadres and the masses are conservative and have serious thoughts on waiting, relying on and wanting. In addition, these areas have a special geographical position and lag in opening up, and the masses generally lack awareness of opening up, competition, market and risk.

These counties and districts around the capital have been military strongholds since ancient times. After the founding of New China, it was listed as a military restricted zone for a long time. For a long time, roads, electricity and projects were basically not built. Among them, Chicheng County is allowed to open to the outside world 1996 and Fengning County is allowed to open to the outside world 1998. The opening time was nearly 20 years behind, which not only missed the two strategic opportunities of increasing infrastructure investment and opening ahead of schedule, but also caused serious shortage of constructive investment for many years and excessive historical debts. This has also led to a weak industrial base in the region, and weak infrastructure such as transportation, energy, electricity, communication, education and medical care.