If humans want to leave the earth, which planet are they most likely to move to?

Although the earth is a very livable planet, scientists know that the earth will not always be as livable as it is today.

After all, even if we don't consider the retreat of the solar system's livable zone and the era of the sun's red giant. Asteroids from outer space can also easily destroy the entire biosphere of the earth.

For the above reasons, the late physicist Hawking repeatedly called on human beings to vigorously develop space technology and strive to turn human beings into multi-planet species as soon as possible, because only in this way can the tragedy of endless eggs under the nest be avoided and human civilization can exist in the universe for a long time.

But do you want to go to the universe? The second earth? This is not easy, because the current spacecraft speed is still hovering around one-tenth of the speed of light, and humans are still unable to build super-large transport spacecraft or self-sufficient space cities.

Therefore, before the explosion of technology, the second earth that has been discovered is elusive. For a long time to come, what human beings can do is to transform Mars or other planets in the solar system.

However, it is not easy to transform Mars.

Billions of years ago, the magnetic field plummeted, causing Mars to lose liquid water and most of the atmosphere. Today's Mars is a desert planet with low air pressure and large temperature difference.

The most fanatical on earth at present? Martians? Musk, the first step after arriving at Mars is to establish a fully enclosed living area, develop it on the harsh Mars with complex technology, and melt the polar ice sheet of Mars. Remodeling? Mars magnetic field is a super reconstruction project, and it may take centuries for human beings to have the corresponding engineering and technical strength.

Besides Mars, neighboring star B, 4.22 light years away, is also a very rich star in the solar system. Hope? This planet

Astronomical circles have long realized that most stars in the universe have their own planets. If the planets are located in the livable zone of stars, astronomical circles will call them? Livable planet?

At present, the closest livable exoplanet to the earth is neighboring star B, which is 4.22 light years away from the earth. Its parent star, proxima centauri, together with two other stars, formed the famous? Samsung Centauri? , that is? The prototype of the three-body world, but the real proxima b, is not as unbearable as a threesome.

Proxima b, whose lower mass limit is 1.27 times that of the earth, has a surface temperature as low as -39℃. However, because its semi-long axis of orbit is only 0.05 astronomical units, it is likely that it has been captured by tidal locking. The consequence of proxima centauri Centauri and tidal locking is to produce a suitable temperature between extreme cold and extreme heat? Terminator line? .

Except for the habitable circle of terminator line, if the atmosphere of neighboring star B is thick enough, the heat absorbed by the atmosphere facing the star will be conducted to the side facing away from the star, which will have a wider habitable range than neighboring star B.

About proxima b, there is another one? Legend?

On April 20 16 12, physicist Hawking and billionaire Milner announced? Break through the stars? Plan, which aims to develop a project called. Star movie? The optical sail detector and the intense laser on the earth accelerate the optical sail to 20% of the speed of light, and then it takes 20 years to fly to proxima centauri to collect data, and then it takes 4 years to send the data back to the earth.

These optical sail detectors with a speed of 60,000 km/s will surpass Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 in a short time and become the first man-made objects of human civilization flying out of Oort Cloud. If there is no technological explosion of human civilization in the next 20 years, these detectors will be the first man-made objects to reach other star systems.

What is even more commendable is that. Break through the stars? Hawking, one of the sponsors of the project, died in 20 18, but the final investment is expected to reach tens of billions of dollars, and the task cycle lasts for a quarter of a century, and there is no economic return at all, and it has not disappeared or stagnated because of Hawking's death.

At this moment, the breakthrough shooting star program is still progressing steadily. In the near future, it will carry Hawking's legacy, fly to proxima centauri on behalf of the earth and fly deeper into the sea of stars.