Illegal immigrants in late Qing Dynasty

In the early years of the Republic of China, the limited control of local governments by the National Government led to the emergence of a large number of warlords in various parts of China. At that time, as long as there were soldiers in hand, they could crack the soil and seal the country. Many heroes had the word "king" in their names. For example, "Ma Bufang, King of Qinghai, Wang Sheng of Xinjiang" and Wang Zhang of Northeast China ",these warlords are local emperors, ruling their own" state within a state "within the Republic of China, with exclusive military and political power.

But speaking of legend, Zhang, who was born as a bandit, has been crushing other warlords and has become the hottest topic in the Republic of China. As we all know, Zhang was a bandit in his early years, but later he became an "official army". He won the trust of the Qing Dynasty by "recruiting bandits" and began to dominate the party.

The so-called hero is made by the times. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Northeast was very chaotic, and a large number of immigrants from Hebei, Shandong and Shanxi entered the customs, but many immigrants were helpless because of lack of means of survival.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court's control over the Northeast was not as good as before. The Qing army was unable to suppress bandits, which led to the increasingly serious problem of bandits in Northeast China. It was this situation that made Zhang seize the opportunity, became a bandit, became an official of the Qing Dynasty, and established his own official career by confronting famous officials.

The bandits killed by Zhang are the "bandits in western Liaoning" and "Du" Du, who are known as the "emperors at once". He is a dead shot and has many people under his command. He once defeated the Russian army in the Russo-Japanese War and was very famous among the people. Du was a bandit in his early years, and Zhang knew him very well. He also wanted to strengthen himself in the name of Du, but later Zhang accepted this condition and parted ways with Du.

I didn't expect Zhang Du, the two protagonists of The outlaw, to be on tenterhooks when they met again. So, what kind of legend is Du, and why did Zhang kill him?

There are not many records left by Du in history, and most of his stories are folklore. 1880 was born in Dujia Village in the northeast of Liaoyang. His real name is Du Guoqing and he is nicknamed "Little Lizi". Du's ancestral home is Tianjin, and his family is a standard immigrant. He entered Kanto in the late Qing Dynasty. It was the Du family who moved here from inside Shanhaiguan pass.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, bandits were rampant in three northeastern provinces, and many illegal immigrants occupied mountainous areas and kingways, plundered the people, and even ignored the government and the Qing army. Du Lisan's father is a fugitive. His name is Du Baozeng, and he is also a fierce bandit in Liaoning. However, Du Bao is unfortunate. He was recognized after a robbery and was soon wanted. When the Qing soldiers could not catch him, they tortured his family. Finally, the third brother Du Baoxing confessed, and Du Baozeng let the government arrest him and cut off his head.

Du Cai 16 years old when his father died. His uncle betrayed Du Baozeng not to do good, but to appreciate Du Baozeng's wealth. As soon as Du Baozeng was executed, his uncle Du Baoxing inherited his property and planned to sell Du's mother and sister, which angered the young Du.

Du, 16, decided to avenge his father. He found some accomplices, kidnapped his uncle Du Baoxing and his son, took them to Huangshatuo town and killed his head. This kind of revenge for his father is very Jianghu, which also makes Du famous in the Northeast Jianghu.

Du publicly killed his uncle, which was a great sin at that time, and there was no turning back. After Du was wanted by the government, he had to follow in his father's footsteps and become a bandit. Du is of medium height, with a broad shoulder and a red face. He looks dignified and likes to wear purple clothes. He is a dead shot, carrying two short guns, a long gun and three muskets. He never forgets to ride a horse and shoot.

Although Du is young, he is cruel in his work. There is a rule for him to find a partner: whoever wants to go up the mountain as a robber must let him' shoot'.

"Shooting" is to let a newcomer stand dozens of steps away with an egg on his head and let Du shoot with a pistol. If Du Lisan breaks the egg and the shooter doesn't make a fool of himself in the process, he may join the gang.

Most people who can pass this cruel test are fugitives. In this way, Dura set up a leading team, robbed houses in western Liaoning, and even delineated his sphere of influence, collecting rent and tolls in the fields, which made people miserable.

There were many important figures in Northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty, but in the end, only Zhang was called the "King of Northeast China" for a reason. Zhang Dang is a bandit, not the first person in Northeast China. In his early years, he was only a small role under the bandit Dong. According to Zhang Xueliang's memory, Zhang really made his fortune not by robbery, but by being a "security guard", that is, raising money to help the village maintain law and order and resist bandits.

After all, Zhang knew that being a bandit was not a long-term solution, so he accepted the recruitment of Xinmin House in Liaoning and became a "gang" of the Qing army. In the eyes of the chivalrous man, this is a "bad boy", which once made the northeast bandits very dissatisfied with Zhang, but Zhang's success was related to his sleek philosophy of life. In the 20th century, Japanese and Russians were very interested in Northeast China. Japan and Russia divided their spheres of influence in the northeast of China, constantly rubbing, and finally broke out in 1904.

At this time, the bandits in the northeast won the opportunity to make a fortune. Du and Zhang both gained benefits and developed their strength in the Russo-Japanese War.

At that time, Du stood on Japan's side, receiving Japanese arms and funding. Because at this time, the Russians developed shipping on the Liaohe River and plundered the land of Duhe, and he was always dissatisfied with it. As a result, Du and Japan hit it off, Japan gave money to guns, and Du attacked Russian troops everywhere, nicknamed "beating foreigners".

On the other hand, Zhang, who has both ends meet, helps whoever is good, first works for the Russian army, and after seeing that the Russian people can't do this, they fight with the Japanese. At that time, Zhang Ba's army was well managed. After the Russo-Japanese War, he was promoted to be the chief of the "unified area" of the Qing army, equivalent to the head of the modern army, and was regarded as an intermediate officer.