When was Australia colonized?

In p>166, the Spaniard Torres sailed through the Strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea. Dutch explorers mapped the coasts of northern and western Australia and discovered Tasmania. William dampier, the first English explorer, landed on the northwest coast in 1688. But it wasn't until 177 that another Englishman, Captain james cook, took the "Endeavour" to the South Pacific for a scientific expedition to draw a map of the east coast once known as "New Holland" and declared this place as British land.

The American War of Independence ended its history as a penal colony, so Britain needs to find a new place to set up a prison. Sir joseph banks, the president of the Royal Society who sailed with Captain Cook as a naturalist, made Australia a colony for prisoners.

in January, 1788, the first fleet consisting of 11 ships arrived in Botney Bay. But Governor Philip thinks Sydney Harbour is preferable. On January 26th, Governor Philip landed in Sydney Harbour. This day is now designated as Australia's National Day. The first fleet * * * contained 15 people, half of whom were prisoners. The other side of destiny written by Robert Hughes is a classic work about the prisoner system in modern times. He believes that this system has had a long-term impact on Australian society. In the next 8 years, Britain sent about 16, prisoners to Australia.

gradually, the number of free immigrants greatly exceeds that of prisoners. The wool industry and the gold rush in the mid-19th century promoted the further development of immigration. The lack of labor force, endless jungle and getting rich through agriculture, mining and trade are all factors that form Australia's unique social mechanism and thoughts and feelings.

When European immigrants arrived in p>1788, there were about 3, aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders in Australia. The development of the colonies forcibly drove out the local indigenous peoples, interrupted the traditional land management methods, and introduced new species of animals and plants into the fragile ecosystem. In the 19th and early 2th centuries, due to the influence of new diseases, cultural interruption and disintegration, the population of indigenous peoples decreased greatly.