The origin of Chinese surname

The first origin comes from the surname Zi, and it comes from the fact that the descendants of the Song Dynasty were given to Huayi in the Spring and Autumn Period, which belongs to the city name. A Fahrenheit originated from his son's surname, and there are more specific materials that can be verified. It is recorded in the history book "Records of Words and Actions of Famous Nationalities": "Dai Song Gongsun Du, whose name is Huafu, Xiangsonggong, because of self-reliance, Fahrenheit, Hua Du, Huayuan, Hua Ding, Huahai and Song Qing." This Fahrenheit is named after a Chinese character. They are prominent families of the Song State in the Spring and Autumn Period, and their descendants are all ministers of the Song State. Song was presented by Zhou Wuwang to Wei, Shang Zhouwang's younger brother, as a sacrifice to Tang. Shang Tang is his son's surname, and both his father and Du Hua are descendants of Shang Dynasty, so Fahrenheit naturally comes from his son's surname. At that time, there were areas east of Shangqiu County, Henan Province, and west of Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province. Therefore, the earliest origin of this Fahrenheit tribe was in the Song Dynasty, and then it gradually spread to other places. Among the descendants are Hua Du, Huayuan, Hua Ding, Huahai, etc. , and take the name of the ancestors as the surname, called Fahrenheit, called authentic in history. The second origin comes from Yi surname, which comes from Zhong Kang's Feng Huashan in Xiyue in Xia Dynasty, belonging to Juyi surname. The ancestors of Si surname and Zi surname are of the same ancestry, that is, Zhuan Xu Di Levin's family more than 4,400 years ago. The child surname was established by Qi, the son of Zhuan Xu, and the surname was established by the descendants of Zhuan Xu's grandson. Therefore, Fahrenheit, whether it is the branch of the surname of the company or the branch of the surname of the child, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu. The so-called two branches are just different in the order and way of taking surnames. According to research, Fahrenheit's ancestors can be traced back to Xuanyuan of Huangdi, because Zhuan Xu is the grandson of Huangdi. Fahrenheit, which originated from the surname of Si, appeared as early as 4 100 years ago, the fourth emperor of Xia Dynasty, Zhong Kang. This is recorded in Historical Records: "Xia Feng was named Fahrenheit in Xiyue". Xiyue refers to Huashan Mountain in Shaanxi, so the descendants of Zhong Kang took "Hua" as their surname from now on. However, some scholars are obviously skeptical, because they are not sure whether Huashan had the title of "Xiyue" at that time, so they think that there is the name of Fahrenheit first, and then the name of Huashan. According to the textual research of this book, until the mid-Warring States period, today's Huashan land is still called "Yinjin", which belongs to Wei State, but it is not called "Huashan". In the thirty-seventh year of the Warring States (ugly, 332 BC), Wei ceded the land of Yin and Jin to Qin for peace, and Qin Huiwen named it Huayin, and the mountains in its territory began to be called Huashan. Therefore, Chen Tingwei's statement that "Xia Guan is in Xiyue, which is called Fahrenheit" in Textual Research on Surnames in Qing Dynasty is absolutely "writing for the sake of fame", which is really undesirable! However, during Xia Jie's administration, there were four personal courtiers: "He Ji, Taihua, Yi Que and Yang Chang, who ruled the country mercilessly." Taihua is one of Xia Jie's favorite ministers. Among his descendants, there is the earliest Fahrenheit in China. The third origin comes from the surname Ji, from Prince Hua of Zheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, and belongs to the name of the ancestor. According to the history book "Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram", "In the summer of the seventh year, Zheng killed his doctor Shen Hou. What's the name of killing a country? Call the country a murderer, and you kill the doctor. In autumn and July, Qi Hou, Song Gong, Chen Shizi, Zheng Shizi Hua and other guilds formed an alliance in Ningwu. " Jie, Zheng's second son, was born in the 25th year of King Huizhou (652 BC) on the lunar calendar (1). On behalf of Zheng in Tao Tao (now Juancheng, Shandong Province), he joined forces with envoys from Zhou Wang, Song Huan, Wei Wen, Baron Xu, Cao Ban, Chen Shizi Kuan and other vassal states. Among the descendants of Zheng, Fahrenheit, who took his ancestral surname as his surname, was named Xinzheng Fahrenheit. The fourth origin comes from the won surname, from Zihua of Qin at the end of the Warring States period, and belongs to the name of the ancestor. Gongzi Hua, one of the sons of Qin, is a Ming Chinese. Hua's son was a general of Qin at that time. In the forty-first year of Zhou Xian (328 BC), the vassal states were at war with Qin. Qin was very headache, so Yi immediately suggested attacking Wei, who shouted the loudest. Soon, Gongzi Hua and Zhang Yi led a siege of Puyang (now Chang 'an District, Shaanxi Province) in Wei State, and captured Puyang in one fell swoop. After Gongzi Hua was stationed in Puyang, Zhang Yi returned to Qin. When she came back, Zhang Yi said to King Hui of Qin, "Please return Puyang to Wei and give her son to Wei as a hostage. I can persuade Wei to break away from the trend of union. " Qin was curious, but he agreed. Later, when I arrived in Wei, I said to him, "You see, Qin is still very good to you. No, the king of Qin ordered me to return Puyang to you and take his son hostage. Wei cannot be rude to Qin. " Wei Huiwang was very happy and gave Yi Chang all the fifteen counties in Shang Jun to show his gratitude to Qin. As a result, the "five countries united against Qin" fell apart and fell apart. Zhang Yi returned to Qin State and was immediately worshipped as the prime minister by King Hui of Qin. Among the descendants of Qin Gongzi Hua, some were named after their ancestors, called Fahrenheit and Xianyang Fahrenheit. The fifth origin comes from ethnic minorities, from Mongolians, from Mongolian ministries in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and belongs to the sinicization of surnames. According to the historical book Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty, Family Bamboo Slips, Mongolian Eight Banners, it is recorded as follows: (1). Mongolian, also known as Hua Mu Lishi, lives in Keshiketeng (now Keshiketeng, Inner Mongolia). Later, Manchu was taken as the surname, and Manchu was Moxihehara. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, Mongols and Manchus were called Li Heyan. 2. The Zhalal family of Mongolia, also known as Zhalal family, originated from Zhalal Department of Mongolia in Yuan Dynasty, and was a descendant of Muqali, a famous teacher in Yuan Dynasty. He took the Ministry as his surname and lived in Wolfwood (now Xing 'an League in Inner Mongolia) and Chahar (now Heilongjiang and Boli in Russia). Later, Daur and Manchu were cited as surnames, and Djarrar Hala in Manchu was one of the surnames of Daur. Han surnames are Zhao, Yan and Ji. (3) The Mongolian Huanut people, from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, took Fahrenheit as their surname. From the Hui nationality, it originated from the Hui nationality, and came from the Arab nationalities in the western regions during the Ming Dynasty, belonging to the Han family with their ancestral names as their surnames. (1) According to documents such as A Preliminary Study on the Origin of Taifu Dialect in Yuan Dynasty and Hui Hui in Zhenjiang, the Hui people's Fahrenheit originated in the Western Regions and then returned to Taifu Dialect. In the early days of the Mongol Khanate, when Genghis Khan made the Western Expedition, the Persian Mu balasa went to China with his father and settled in Taizhou (now Linhai, Zhejiang). Later, he worshipped Zhou, a adherent of the Southern Song Dynasty, as a teacher and studied Chinese hard. In the seventh year of Song Yanyou (AD 1320), he won the first place in the provincial examination. The following year, he was awarded the position of scholar and discipline in the court trial of the Southern Song Dynasty, and was awarded the editing of Jixian Academy, worshiping Jiangnan and supervising the country. Later, during the Yuan Wenzong period, the Zhang Kui Pavilion was built, which was used as a sign to worship the suggestions of the Chinese and Taiwanese supervisors. "The emperor named the Mongols Taifuhua (not depending on China)." Among their descendants, some were translated into Mahavamsa, Petrifaction and Taishi. Today, the Hui people in Liuhe, Zhenjiang and other places in Jiangsu, such as Dashi, Shihua and Taishi, are all their descendants. (2) According to the historical book Selected Books of Zuo Wei, Yunnan, in the early Ming Dynasty, there was an upsurge of rapid return to the western regions in Yunnan. In the 23rd year of Ming Hongwu (A.D. 1390), he joined Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty, and was named as the deputy thousand households in Zuo Wei, Yunnan. Plain clothes's son is also named plain clothes. When his grandson came, he took the Chinese character Su as his surname and called Su Shi. Later, from the second Su Jun, the third Sun Susheng, the fourth Sun Sulin, the fifth Sun Taisu to the sixth Sun Suhua, his clique has been in office for eight generations. Among the descendants of Su Hua, some took their own names as surnames, which were called Fahrenheit. From Manchu, from Manchu, from the ministries of Jurchen in Ming and Qing Dynasties, belonging to the sinicization of tribal names. According to the historical records "Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty, A Brief History of Clans and Manchu Eight Banners Surnames", it is recorded as follows: (1) The Manchu Alai surname: Alehara, Manchu surname, which means "birch bark" in Manchu, lived in Luocheng, Wengguo (now Jincheng Ancient City, Heilongjiang Province), and later many Han surnames were Fahrenheit and Oichi. (2) HuSihariddh Hala, also known as HuSihariddh and Hook Shahari, is a Manchu who lives in HuSihariddh (now the Russian region across the Heihe River in Heilongjiang Province), Yilan (now Yilan in Heilongjiang Province), Teha in Fertat (now 250 kilometers southwest of Jilin Province) and Sansheng (now Yilan in Heilongjiang Province). Later, Hezhe and Xibe were cited as surnames. After the middle of Qing Dynasty, japanophile of Manchu, Hezhe and Xibe nationalities was named Fahrenheit, Yan, Guan, Hu and Hu. Originated from Xibe nationality, originated from Xibe nationality, originated from Hari Department of West China of Xibe nationality in Qing Dynasty, belonging to Han clan name. According to the document "Records of Manchu Xibe Nationality in Shuangcheng", Xibe nationality Huaxi Hari, also known as Huxi Hari, was later taken as the surname by Nuzhen in Heilongjiang, and the Manchu language was Huaxi Hari Hara, who lived in Hukeshahari (now Ning 'an, Heilongjiang). Xibo and Manchu, japanophile in West China, after the middle of Qing Dynasty, the surname of Duoguan Han was Fahrenheit. One surname is ancestor Hua, and the other is Hua Fu, whose name is Du. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Song people were the grandchildren of Dai Gong. 1770, Hua Du killed the doctor Kong and took his wife for himself. Then, he killed Song Xianggong and took Feng, the son of Duke Zhuang of Song, as his own. Since then, Hua Du has established himself as the Chinese surname, which was later called Hua surname and respected as the ancestor of his surname. The capital of the ancient Song Dynasty is now Shangqiu, Henan, so there is no doubt that China's surname originated here. Since Governor China got his surname, Chinese surnames have been famous for generations in the Song Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were nearly 20 China surnames in the history books. "Zuo Zhuan Zheng" said: "The world is full of clouds, and the satrap is the son of a noble family, while the old family gave birth to Stuart Zheng and Stuart". This branch is the direct descendant of Hua Du, and the famous Huayuan is the great-grandson of Hua Du. Hua Yuan's father Hua was once the commander-in-chief of the Song Dynasty. From the analysis of many surnames in China, it can be said that this is the peak of the development of surnames in China. In the first 522 years, due to the improper handling of the dynasty monarch, the Fahrenheit family clashed and the Fahrenheit family turned from prosperity to decline. After failing to resist Huahai, it fled to Chu, and the son of Huafei was desperate for Wu because of his connection with Huahai. In addition, Qi has Zhou Hua and Wei has Hua Zhong. These historical facts show that during the Spring and Autumn Period, Fahrenheit had spread to Chu (now Jiangling, Hubei), Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), Wei (now Qixian, Henan), Qi (now Zibo, Shandong) and other countries. Before 286, the Song Dynasty was divided into Qi, Chu and Wei, and some Han surnames gradually moved to Shandong in the north and Anhui and Jiangsu in the south. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Ji Hua and Hua Wuhai actively fought with Liu Bang, making him a Liehou, and later generations rose up to attack him, adding luster to the Chinese surname that had been silent for nearly a hundred years. During the Han Dynasty, Chinese surnames spread all over Shandong, forming a noble family in Shandong Plain. In addition, in today's Guo Pei between Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui, a huge family of China surnames has formed. During the Xin Mang Uprising, a northern China surname avoided people living in Xupu, Hunan, and merged with China's surname living here. Later, it flourished as the name of Wuling County. During the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, the development of China's surnames reached its peak, among which the Huaxin family in Pingyuan County was an outstanding representative, with a prosperous population and numerous celebrities from generation to generation, which can be described as a shining history. In Yongjia Rebellion, the Han surname fled the rebellion and moved south to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Anhui and other provinces. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Han surname flourished in Jiangsu and Shanghai today, and a Han surname moved to Fujian. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, China's surnames spread all over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Yangtze River and Pearl River. In the early Ming Dynasty, Shanxi Hua surname, as one of the surnames of people who moved to Hongtong Sophora japonica, moved to Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's surnames were widely distributed in Taiwan Province Province, Southwest China, Northwest China and Northeast China. Today, China surnames are widely distributed in China, especially in Shaanxi, Shanghai, Jilin, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities. The Han surnames in these four places account for about 62% of the Han population in China.