First grade geography. Looking for the answer to Qixia Geographic Filling Atlas Middle East (pages 16~17). Just two pages. . .

2006 High School Entrance Examination Geography Review Outline (2) (Volume 2 for Grade 7)

Chapter 1 Understanding Continents

1.1 Asia and Europe

< p>"Asia" and "Europa": Asia: the place where the sun rises in the east Europa: the place where the sun sets in the west

The continental parts of Asia and Europe are connected into one, forming the Eurasian continent. Asia borders the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Arctic Ocean to the east, south, and north, is connected to Europe to the west, is adjacent to Africa to the southwest, and faces North America across the Bering Strait to the east. Asia covers an area of ??approximately 44 million square kilometers and is the largest continent in the world. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north, west, and south, is connected to Asia to the east, and faces Africa to the south.

The Asian terrain is dominated by plateaus and mountains: three major characteristics: 1. The terrain is dominated by plateaus and mountains, with high average altitude;

2. The ground is undulating and the heights vary widely. 3. The terrain is high in the middle and low on the surrounding sides.

Topographic differences:

Asia and Europe

High average altitude, the continent with the lowest altitude in the world

Relatively high, with large undulations on the ground, high and low The disparity is small

The main terrain is plateaus, mountains and plains

The terrain is high in the middle, and the surrounding plains and mountains are mainly distributed in the south and north sides

Complex and diverse Asian climate : Complex and diverse: significant continental characteristics; the monsoon is the strongest, most typical, and has the widest range of influence.

Asia has many large rivers: large rivers mostly originate from the central plateau and mountains, and flow radially along the terrain into the sea;

The inner flow area is vast

Asia Population and countries: Asia is the most populous continent in the world, with a total population of 3.672 billion in 2000, accounting for approximately 60% of the world's total population. Most of the countries in the world with a population of more than 100 million are in Asia

1.2 Africa

The continent with the most countries: "Africa" ??is "scorched by the sun". Africa is located in the western part of the Eastern Hemisphere, stretching north and south of the equator. It borders the Indian Ocean to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, faces Europe across the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar to the north, and is separated from Asia by the narrow Red Sea in the northeast, with the Suez Canal as its land boundary. Africa has 54 independent countries, making it the country with the most countries in the world. The African continent has a vast plateau area and is called the "plateau continent".

The Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world, accounting for approximately the entire continent.

Hot climate: Africa is the continent with the largest arid area in the world.

The African savanna is the largest in area among all continents.

Climate characteristics: high temperature; wide arid areas; climate types are symmetrically distributed from north to south.

Abundant resources: Africa has a vast territory and rich and diverse products, and is known as the "rich continent".

The reserves and production of diamonds, gold, chromite, phosphate, etc. are among the best in the world.

Economy in urgent need of development:

1.3 America: "New World": America is the abbreviation of "America".

Different natural environments in the north and south: North America has a higher average altitude and greater terrain undulations. The terrain is divided into three major north-south vertical belts: tall mountains in the west, vast plains in the middle, and vast plains in the east. The gentle high ground. Immigration and Economy:

Chapter 2 Understanding the Region

2.1 Southeast Asia: including Indochina and the Malay Archipelago.

Southeast Asia is located in the southeast of Asia, including Indochina and most of the Malay Archipelago. The northern part of the Indochina Peninsula has a high terrain and is connected to my country's mountains and rivers. The mountains and rivers extend from north to south, forming a surface pattern of alternating mountains and rivers arranged in columns. The Malay Archipelago is the collective name for more than 20,000 large and small islands scattered between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Most of the islands in the Malay Archipelago have rugged terrain, with many mountains and rivers, few plains, and rapid rivers. Indonesia is the country with the most volcanoes in the world and is known as the "Land of Volcanoes". Japan is known as the "Earthquake Country"

Region Terrain Features River Features

Indochina Peninsula alternating mountains and rivers from north to south

The Malay Archipelago has rugged terrain, short and rapid terrain.

Strait of Malacca: Southeast Asia is at the "crossroads" between Asia and the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is an important hub for the world's ocean transportation and air transportation.

Rich mineral resources: an important producing area of ??natural rubber, oil palm, coconut and other tropical cash crops in the world. Thailand ranks first in the world in terms of production and export volume of natural rubber and palm olive oil. The Philippines is the country that produces the most coconuts and exports the most coconut oil in the world. Indonesia’s oil and Malaysia’s tin both rank first in the world.

The largest concentration of overseas Chinese: Southeast Asia is one of the most densely populated areas in the world.

The population is concentrated in the alluvial plains, estuary deltas and coastal plains of large rivers, while the tropical rainforest areas of mountains and islands are sparsely populated.

2.2 South Asia

South Asian subcontinent: South Asia refers to the vast area between the central and western Himalayas in southern Asia and the Indian Ocean.

It borders the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west, with a total area of ??approximately 4.3 million square kilometers.

Three major regions: Himalayas ↓ Ganges Plain ↓ Deccan Plateau

The year is divided into three seasons: the three seasons are divided into March to May as the hot season; June to October as the rainy season ;The cool season is from November to February of the following year

Religion and society: Buddhism; Hinduism; Islam in Pakistan.

Population and Economy: South Asia is one of the most densely populated regions in the world, with a population of approximately 1.3 billion, accounting for more than 1/5 of the world's population.

2.3 West Asia

A land of five seas and three continents: the Mediterranean; the Black Sea; the Caspian Sea; the Red Sea; and the Arabian Sea. Asia; Africa; Europe.

This is also the famous "Silk Road" in ancient China.

Agriculture and animal husbandry in arid environments: Crops require water for irrigation, and Israel does this most prominently.

Arab countries: Religion: the birthplace of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam

The world’s oil treasure trove: accounting for 25% of the world’s total production. Shipped via Persian Gulf. Oil export route:

2.4 Western Europe

Location and scope: Western Europe refers to the western half of Europe, covering an area of ??about 5 million square kilometers and including more than 30 countries. In terms of economic development level, most of them belong to developed countries.

Strong economic strength: Prosperous tourism:

2.5 Arctic and Antarctic regions

Ice and Snow World: The Arctic region refers to the area north of the Arctic Circle. Including the Arctic Ocean, the Eurasian continent, the northern part of the North American continent and some islands. The land area within the Arctic Circle is about 8 million square kilometers, and the Arctic Ocean covers an area of ??about 13.1 million square kilometers. The Antarctic region includes the Antarctic continent, its sea islands and continental margin ice, as well as parts of the South Pacific Plain, the South Atlantic Ocean and the South Indian Ocean. The polar regions are extremely cold, with strong winds and little precipitation.

In the Arctic Circle, the number of long-term residents is close to 3 million. The local indigenous inhabitants are mainly Inuit and Lapp people. Antarctica has no country or settled population. Polar Scientific Expedition: China’s Great Wall Station (6213′S; 5858′W) China’s Zhongshan Station (6925′S; 7610′E)

Chapter 3 Entering the Country

3.1 Japan (Japan): East Asian island country: Japan is located in the east of Asia and the west of the Pacific. Its territory consists of four large islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and more than 3,900 nearby islands. The capital is Tokyo. Common language: Japanese. Mountainous terrain: Japan is a mountainous island country, with 3/4 of its territory being mountains and hills. The Kanto Plain is the largest plain in Japan. Mount Fuji: The famous active volcano, with an altitude of 3776 meters, is the highest peak in Japan.

Humid climate: Japan mainly has a temperate monsoon climate and a subtropical monsoon climate.

The culture of fusion of East and West: In ancient times, Japanese culture was influenced by our country. In modern times, European and American culture widely influenced Japan. Japanese clothes: kimono; Japanese favorite traditional food: sushi

Developed economy: After World War II, Japan took advantage of its human resources and maritime transportation, actively introduced foreign advanced technology, and strived to open up the world market, thereby enabling the country's economy to develop rapidly. Japan's GDP currently ranks second in the world after the United States. The per capita GDP also ranks among the highest in the world. Japan is an economically developed capitalist country. Its processing industry, high-tech industry, international trade, financial industry and information industry are all among the world's advanced ones. The main working departments include electronics, household appliances, automobiles, shipbuilding, steel, chemicals, textiles, precision machinery, etc. Japan has a small area of ??cultivated land and a shortage of agricultural labor, but its agricultural production level has improved.

Japan is a famous fishery producing country in the world. Japan's transportation is also quite developed. Major cities: Tokyo is the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the country. It is one of the world's megacities with a population of more than 12 million.

3.2 Egypt: Spanning two continents: Egypt is the abbreviation of the Arab Kingdom of Egypt, most of which are located in northeastern Africa. The dividing line between Asia and Africa: the Suez Canal. Egypt's territory covers an area of ??more than 1 million square kilometers.

Religion: Islam; Capital: Cairo (ancient capital for thousands of years). Widespread deserts: Egypt's northern Mediterranean coast has a Mediterranean climate; most areas have a tropical desert climate. It is hot, dry and rainless all year round. The longest river in the world? The Nile River, the Egyptians call it the mother river, and China's mother river is the Yellow River. Ancient civilization: Egypt is one of the birthplaces of ancient civilizations in the world. The majestic Sphinx, mysterious mummies, solemn temples, hieroglyphs, and astronomical calendars. The Pyramids of Egypt: Known as one of the seven wonders of the world. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Emperor's Mausoleum in China are also one of the Seven Wonders. Developing industry and agriculture: Agriculture is concentrated in the Nile Valley and the Delta, which is the region with the highest level of agricultural modernization in Africa. It is famous for the production of long-staple cotton, and the output of long-staple cotton ranks first in the world.

3.3 Russia (Russia): The largest country: Russia has a vast territory, covering an area of ??17.08 million square kilometers. It is the largest country in the world and the only country that spans two continents and the eastern and western hemispheres. .

The plains are vast: Russia’s terrain is higher in the east and lower in the west, with large rivers and mountains forming important boundaries of great terrain areas. 70% of Russia's territory is vast plains. Predominantly temperate continental climate: Most parts of Russia have a temperate continental climate, with long and cold winters and short and cool summers. Rich resources: Siberia's Baikalki is the world's deepest lake and the world's most freshwater lake. Russia ranks third in the world in terms of oil production. Gold production ranks second in the world. Economy in Reform: Russia is an important industrial power, with prominent sectors such as energy, steel, machinery, chemistry, and aerospace. Russia's main agricultural products include cereals, potatoes, flax and dairy products. The Volga and Don river basins in the Eastern European plains are major agricultural areas. Russia collapsed from the Soviet Union in 1991. The capital, Moscow, is located in the Eastern European plain. Development of Siberia:

3.4 France:

Europe’s economic power: Land: area: 550,000 square kilometers. Population: 58.89 million. Capital: Paris. Topography: high in the southeast and low in the northwest. Plains and hills account for 4/5 of the country. Climate: Temperate maritime climate with little climate change and even moisture throughout the year. Production: Wheat production ranks among the top in the world. It is the country that exports the most wheat in Europe. Overview: France's industry is also very developed. Important industrial resources such as coal and iron are relatively abundant.

Culture and Tourism: France has a long history and splendid culture. Well-preserved cultural relics, beautiful natural scenery, romantic and sentimental folk customs, elegant art, trendy fashion... France ranked first in the world in the number of foreign tourists received in 1999. Tourism is also an important pillar of the French economy.

3.5 United States (United States): Territory of the United States: Composition: Alaska, "Mainland", Hawaii. Flag: Stars and Stripes. Highly developed economy: The United States is a highly developed capitalist country. After World War II, its total industrial output ranked first in the world. The United States is the world's largest agricultural country. The United States is rich in natural resources, has developed transportation and strong scientific and technological strength, and has many advantages in developing industry. The United States is the world's largest industrial country. In terms of foreign trade, the United States is the country that exports the most industrial and agricultural products and has the largest export trade volume. It is also the country that imports the most cars, petroleum, and textiles in the world.

Population and cities: The population was 282 million in 2000; the vast majority of the population are white immigrants from Europe, and there are also a small number of black people originally from the United States. The population of the United States is unevenly distributed. The most densely populated areas of the United States are the coastal plains and around the Great Lakes. The western plateau mountains are sparsely populated. Washington, the capital of the United States, is located in the District of Columbia. New York is the most populous country in the United States, the largest port, and one of the four major financial centers in the world. Los Angeles is the largest port city and economic and cultural center on the Pacific coast of the United States. San Francisco, formerly known as San Francisco and San Francisco, is one of the financial, trade, educational and cultural centers on the Pacific coast of the United States, and is also a famous natural harbor.

3.6 Brazil: Amazon Plain and Amazon River: Brazil is the largest country in South America, with a land area of ??8.547 million square kilometers. Brazil's terrain is mainly plains and plateaus. The Amazon plain accounts for about 1/3 of the entire territory, and the rest basically belongs to the Brazilian plateau. The forest here is dense and there are many kinds of animals and plants. It is known as the "Kingdom of Animals and Plants in the World". The forest is dark and humid, sparsely populated, and difficult to navigate. The Amazon River has many tributaries, gentle water flow, and convenient navigation. The mouth of the river is a trumpet-shaped bay with a width of more than 300 kilometers. During the flood season, it is a vast ocean, known as the "river and sea". Rapidly developing economy: Brazil is the country with the strongest economic strength in South America. Brazil has a relatively complete industrial system and a relatively high level of industrial development. Brazil has a relatively high level of agricultural mechanization and is the world's largest coffee producer and exporter. Brazil has large iron ore reserves, most of which are rich in iron ore. Brazil is rich in hydropower resources, and the proportion of hydropower in domestic power supply is gradually increasing.

Population and cities: Brazil is the most populous country in South America, with a total population of 170 million in 2000. The largest city in Brazil is Sao Paulo. Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil. The capital of Brazil is Brasilia.

3.7 Australia (Australia): has a continent: Australia is the largest country in Oceania, adjacent to Asia to the northwest, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Indian Ocean to the west, and the Antarctic continent in the south. It is the world's largest country. The only country that owns an entire continent. The Australian territory includes the Australian mainland, Tasmania and other surrounding islands, with an area of ??approximately 7.74 million square kilometers, ranking sixth in the world. The capital of Australia is Canberra. The common language is English.

Low and flat terrain: The Australian continent has a low and flat terrain, with an average altitude of nearly 300 meters. It is the continent with the gentlest terrain in the world. The west is a broad and flat plateau; the central plain area accounts for about 25% of the total continental area; and the eastern mountainous area starts from the Cape York Peninsula in the north. Ancient animals:

Developed agriculture, animal husbandry, industry and mining: Australia is an economically developed capitalist country in the southern hemisphere.

Australia’s natural conditions are suitable for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. It is known as "the country riding on the back of a sheep".

Australia is rich in mineral resources, and many of its mineral reserves rank among the highest in the world. It has the reputation of "the country sitting on the mine cart".