On the Great Achievements of Li Shimin, King of Qin.

Li Shimin often went to war and gradually eliminated the separatist forces in various places. Since the first year of Wude, Li Shimin, the king of Qin, personally commanded three major battles: First, he broke the Li track, pacified Xue (the son of Xue Ju), a separatist force in Longxi, and eradicated the threat from the northwest of the Tang Dynasty; 2. Defeat Song Jingang and Liu Wuzhou, recover lost ground and consolidate the rear area of the Tang Dynasty; Third, the Battle of Hulaoguan wiped out the two major separatist forces in the Central Plains, Wang and Dou Jiande Military Group, and won a decisive victory in the unified war in the Tang Dynasty. Since then, Li Shimin's prestige has been growing, especially when he entered Chang 'an after the Battle of Tiger Prison, and he was treated like a military and civilian emperor. In October of the fourth year of Wude, he was named General, Leader of Situ and Secretary of Dongdao in Shaanxi, and the food city increased to 20,000. Gaozu also sent a letter to Ce Tian Prefecture to establish his own official, forming a small government organization.

During the reign of Li Shimin, the national strength of the Tang Dynasty was strong, which was called the rule of Zhenguan. In his later years, he wrote a book "Emperor Fan" to teach the prince, summed up his life's political experience and commented on his own merits and demerits.

During his reign, he carried out the system of officers and men, the system of renting agents and the system of land equalization, and actively promoted the imperial examination system.

In 630, he defeated East Turkistan and was honored as "Tiankhan". In 64 1 year, Princess Wencheng was married to Songzan Gambu of Tubo.

In 649 AD, Emperor Taizong suffered from dysentery, but the treatment eventually failed. He ordered Prince Li Zhi to represent state affairs in Jinyemen. Li Shimin died in Hanfeng Temple in Chang 'an in July 649. Buried in Zhaoling Mountain, more than 50 miles northeast of Liquan County, Shaanxi Province, China. Posthumous title is "Emperor Wen".

Emperor Taizong was good at listening to ministers' criticisms and opinions, and Kevin·Z directly protested his mistakes more than 200 times.

Emperor Taizong was also good at calligraphy, writing tablets line by line, and was the originator of later generations. Famous works include Ming in Hot Springs and Ming in Jinci. After his death, Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote Preface to Lanting Collection as a funerary object.

The rule of Zhenguan refers to the peaceful and prosperous times in the early Tang Dynasty. Because Emperor Taizong can be virtuous, he knows people and makes good use of them. Open the way, modestly coachable, reuse Wei Zhi, etc. And adopted the agriculture-oriented, tax reduction, rest and recuperation, strict economy, improve the imperial examination system and other policies to stabilize the society. At that time, the national title was Zhenguan (627-649), which was called Zhenguan Governance in history. This was the first prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan later.

Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, reigned for 23 years, which made the Tang Dynasty enjoy economic development, social stability, political clarity, people's prosperity and well-being, and unprecedented prosperity. Because his title is Zhenguan, people call this period of his rule "Zhenguan rule". The rule of Zhenguan is the most dazzling period in the history of China.

Emperor Taizong absorbed the reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty and attached great importance to the lives of ordinary people. He emphasized people-oriented, and often said: "People, water is also; June, Zhou Ye. Water can carry a boat or overturn it. " At the beginning of Emperor Taizong's accession to the throne, he ordered the people to recuperate. ? Emperor Taizong cherished the people's strength and never collected corvees easily. He suffered from Qi disease and was not suitable to live in a damp old palace, but he lived in the old palace of the Sui Dynasty for a long time.

At the beginning of Zhenguan, under the leadership of Emperor Taizong, the whole country was unified and the economy improved rapidly. During the Zhenguan period of 1989, cattle and horses were everywhere, and the people were well-fed and well-fed, and the roads were not picked up at night, which was a prosperous scene of peace and prosperity.

Emperor Taizong was in office for more than 20 years, and more than 30 officials remonstrated. Among them, Minister Wei Zhi's advice reached more than 200 pieces with hundreds of thousands of words, all of which hit the nail on the head and were very helpful for improving state affairs.

Emperor Taizong attached great importance to the selection of talents and strictly followed the principle of having both ability and political integrity. Emperor Taizong believes that only by selecting a large number of people with real talents and practical learning can we achieve great harmony in the world. Therefore, he was thirsty for talents, and issued five imperial edicts for seeking talents, and increased the subjects of imperial examinations, expanding the scope and number of candidates, so as to expose more talents. ? Because Emperor Taizong attached importance to talents, a large number of outstanding talents emerged in Zhenguan period, which can be described as "talents with both civil and military skills". It is these talents who, with their intelligence, have made great contributions to the formation of "Zhenguan rule".

Emperor Taizong attached great importance to the rule of law. He once said: "The national law is not the law of the emperor alone, but the law that everyone in the world must abide by, so everything must obey the law." As a monarch above ten thousand people, Emperor Taizong was an enlightened emperor. ? After the promulgation of the law, Emperor Taizong set an example and took the lead in obeying the law, thus maintaining the unity and stability of the law. During the Zhenguan period, the prince really broke the law and shared the crime with the people. When enforcing the law, he was impartial, but when sentencing, Taizong thought twice and was cautious. He said: "People can't be resurrected after death, and law enforcement must be combined with leniency and severity." Due to the painstaking efforts of Emperor Taizong, the legal system was very good during the Zhenguan period, and few people were sentenced to death for breaking the law. According to the records of Zhenguan for three years, only 29 people were sentenced to death, which almost reached the highest standard of feudal society and legal system-"criminal measures" can be exempted from punishment.

People-oriented thinking, open the way and open the mind that is easy to be trained; Reuse talents and appoint people on their merits is the criterion; Impatience and selflessness, and the tolerance of doing things according to law; It constitutes the basic characteristics of Zhenguan rule and becomes the best example of feudal rule. Compared with the western countries at that time, the Tang Dynasty was at the forefront of the world in politics, economy and culture.

Social order is unprecedentedly stable.

The social order in Zhenguan Dynasty is incredibly good. Is it a real bag? In one year, only 29 prisoners in China were sentenced to death. In 632, the number of death row inmates increased to 290. At the end of this year, Li Shimin allowed them to go home and deal with their affairs, and they will die when they come back next autumn (Guqiu execution). In September of the following year, all 290 prisoners were put back, and none escaped. At that time, China's political civilization, officials performed their duties, people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and there were few unfair phenomena, and there were not many grievances in the hearts of Chinese people. People who have plenty of food and clothing will not take risks to survive; People with a peaceful mind are not easy to go to extremes, so the probability of committing a crime is very small.

Open the border.

The Tang Empire was the most civilized and powerful country in the world at that time, and Chang 'an, the capital, was a cosmopolitan metropolis, just like new york in the United States today. At that time, the Tang Empire was the "sunshine zone" in the eyes of people with lofty ideals all over the world, and outstanding talents from all over the world risked their lives to rush to the Tang Empire. After seeing the high prosperity and civilization of the Tang Dynasty empire, the envoys of various countries felt that their country was almost like an uncivilized "virgin forest", and they did not want to return to China and tried their best to stay. China's highly developed culture makes most people from all countries who come to China proud that they are from China (which reminds people of the green card of the United States today). Not only the capital Chang 'an, but also "expatriates" from all over the country have settled in the local area, especially the emerging commercial cities. There are more than 200,000 western expatriates in Guangzhou alone. Zhenguan Dynasty is a rare open dynasty in the history of China. There are no strict restrictions on the entry of foreigners and the exit of China people, that is, they are not worried that China people will forget their roots after going out; I'm not worried about foreigners coming in and usurping the role of master. This alone shows the high self-confidence of Zhenguan dynasty, which is convinced that its country is the most civilized and prosperous land in the world and is not worried that foreign culture will drown it. The national quality of Zhenguan Dynasty was so high that it did not discriminate against or cater to foreigners, nor did it blindly exclude foreigners or "take out food", showing a supercilious national temperament and kingly demeanor. Foreigners in China enjoy the same civil rights as people in China, just like people in China are at home. They can not only make a fortune, but also be an official in politics. Many expatriates from the Arab Empire and Japan hold official posts in China, and some of them also hold senior ministerial positions.

In addition to accepting a large number of foreign immigrants, the Tang Empire also received a batch of foreign students to study advanced culture in China. Only Japanese students at public expense received seven batches, each with hundreds of students. Private self-funded international students far exceed this figure. After returning to China, these Japanese students carried out Japan's first modernization movement-the modernization to innovation, that is, the China Movement, which imitated the Zhenguan dynasty at that time and made the Japanese nation in the primitive tribal state leap forward for a thousand years.

1200 years later, the Japanese empire carried out the second modernization movement, fully accepted western culture, and made itself leap for hundreds of years again, stepping on the former teacher and creating two terrible massacres in the teacher's "yard".

The Japanese nation is not smart, it is just good at learning. This nation, which is half a beat slower than others, has one of the greatest advantages ―― backwardness but not stubbornness. When foreign civilizations invade, they always take the initiative to accept cultures that are more advanced than themselves, and accept the advanced achievements of human civilization in the fastest and most convenient way, thus quickly jumping into the ranks of advanced nations.

It is not terrible for a nation to lag behind, but stubbornness is the most terrible!