Zhang surname information.

"Li, Zhao and Liu are everywhere" and "Without Zhang, there would be no hometown". By the end of the 20th century, the global population of Zhang surname had exceeded 1 100 million, making it one of the three largest groups with the same surname in the world. Some people say that if you shout "Lao Zhang" or "Xiao Zhang" in the street, someone will definitely agree. This can be seen from this huge group of Zhang.

Before 1980s, "Zhang" was the most populous surname in China. 1977, historians published a paper in Oriental Magazine, pointing out that the largest 10 surnames in China are: Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, Chen, Yang, Wu, Liu, Huang and Zhou, accounting for 40% of the population of China, accounting for about 400 million people.

On May 3rd, 1987, People's Daily published the research results of Du Ruofu, a researcher at the Institute of Genetics of China Academy of Sciences, and Yuan Yida, an assistant researcher. The most popular 100 names in China: Li, Wang, Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Zhao, Huang, Zhou, Wu ... At this time, the population of Li has surpassed that of the front row/.

In July, 2002, Yuan Yida, an associate researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, conducted a study based on the sampling data of the third population census of the National Bureau of Statistics, and found that the three largest surnames in China were Li, Wang and Zhang, accounting for 7.9%, 7.4% and 7. 1% of the total population respectively. The total population of the three surnames reached 270 million, almost equivalent to the total population of the United States.

Zhang, one of the oldest surnames in China and even in the world, originated from the greatest five emperors (Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao, Shun and Yu) more than 4,000 years ago. Legend has it that Xuanyuan, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor (said to be his son) first invented China's bow and arrow, and used it for the first time in the battle of "The Yellow Emperor vs. Chiyou", thus creating the era of iron arrows and bows during the flood years. Later, he was appointed as the Bow Maker by Emperor Zhuan Xu, giving him the surname Zhang.

Since ancient times, the Hui people have been regarded as their own blood ancestors and surname ancestors by the Zhang ethnic group. His descendants multiply rapidly and migrate frequently. By the Han Dynasty, he had become the most famous surname of a wealthy family, and by the Tang Dynasty, he was listed as one of the top ten "national pillars". In the Ming dynasty, it covered 93% of the country's territory.

Zhang is the surname of a strategist and a wise man. There are not only many famous marshals, generals with military courage and mighty Qiang Bing, but also countless politicians, scientists, writers, doctors, painters, historians and poets. There are 63 prime ministers in history, who established a feudal dynasty in the northwest for 76 years.

Zhang surname, like other surnames, is also a witness to the whole process of patriarchal society in China for thousands of years, and records the formation and development of the Chinese nation in a special form of blood culture.

Fire, language and bow and arrow are considered as the three major advances in the history of ancient human civilization. Zhang's surname originated from an ancient legend about bows and arrows, and its history can be traced back to the greatest Five Emperors era more than 4,000 years ago.

About 4,000 years ago, there were many clans and tribes living in the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valley, which ancient historians called the Five Emperors' Era, namely the Huangdi Era (45 13-4050 BC), Zhuan Xu Era (4050-3380 BC) and Yao Shunyu Era (3380-2073 BC).

Xuanyuan Huangdi is the most famous tribal leader in this era. He is brave, resourceful and good at invention and creation. At first, he led the tribes to wander around Jishui in the northwest of China, then moved to Zhuolu (now Zhuolu and Huailai in Hebei Province), began to develop animal husbandry and agriculture, and gradually settled down.

Lei Zu, the imperial concubine of the Yellow Emperor, has two sons: the eldest son (said to be the father of South China University of Technology and the ancestor of Chinese surname Zhang) and Feng Yi Dunqiu, named Qingyang, located in Qingyang, Guqing River; The second son, Changyi, was the father of Emperor Zhuan Xu and was named Changle (now Nanle).

In the early days of the Yellow Emperor, Yan Di tribe lived near Jiang Shui in the northwest of China. It is said that they are close relatives of the Yellow Emperor. According to legend, Yandi Shennong is a great figure who is inseparable from invention in agriculture, industry, commerce, medicine, literature and other fields. But at that time, the Yan Di family gradually declined, while the Huangdi family flourished.

At that time, there was a leader of Jiuli nationality named Chiyou, who was very strong. Legend has it that Chiyou has 8 1 brothers, all of whom are beasts, with bronze heads and iron foreheads, eating sand and stones, and can call the wind and rain, which is extremely fierce. They also make all kinds of weapons and often lead his tribe to invade other tribes.

Once, Chiyou invaded Yan Di's territory, and Yan Di rose up to resist, but he was no match for Chiyou and was defeated by Chiyou. Emperor Yan had no choice but to flee to Zhuolu and ask the Yellow Emperor for help. The Yellow Emperor had long wanted to get rid of the scourge of various tribes, so he joined forces with various tribes to prepare for a decisive battle with Chiyou in the land of Zhuolu.

At the beginning of the decisive battle, the Yellow Emperor took full advantage, so he led his troops to win the battle. Suddenly, it was dark, foggy, windy and thundering. It turned out that Chiyou used witchcraft to create a fog, which made the soldiers of the Yellow Emperor lost their way and couldn't catch up. To this end, the Yellow Emperor had to stop and think hard about countermeasures day and night.

One night, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor (said to be his son) happened to find a meteor flying over the palace while watching the astronomical phenomena. He saw meteors with tails, scattered constellations and jumping forward. The constellation is shaped like a semi-solitary string with strength, and he was immediately inspired. So he bent the branches, invented the bow and arrow projectile, and quickly showed it to the Yellow Emperor, saying that this device "is far from being shot with bullets, but hit with bows instead of instruments."

The Yellow Emperor was overjoyed. At this time, some people in the Yellow Emperor tribe also invented the "south guide car", which can be used to guide the direction in the fog. So the Yellow Emperor used the "south guide car" to lead his troops to pursue Chiyou, and shot him from a long distance with a bow and arrow until he caught up with Chiyou's lair-Ji area. In the end, Chiyou was captured alive and killed in the field of Zhuolu.

Although the Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou, bows and arrows did not play a decisive role in this war. But the invention of the bow and arrow is undoubtedly an epoch-making great leap. Therefore, historians regard fire, language and bows and arrows as three major advances in the history of ancient human civilization. Engels also pointed out in The Origin of Family, Private Ownership and State that bows and arrows are decisive weapons in the age of ignorance, just as iron swords are weapons in the age of barbarism and firearms are weapons in the age of civilization.

Bows and arrows were later used for hunting, which greatly improved the productivity of the tribe. At that time, hunting, relying solely on sticks and throwing stones, was often hurt by wild animals and suffered from lack of food. Feeding is more difficult in severe winter. Since the widespread use of bows and arrows by tribal groups, the number of hunted birds and beasts has increased unprecedentedly, and the living standard has also improved significantly.

Later, when the Yellow Emperor collapsed, his grandson Zhuan Xu succeeded to the throne and built Diqiu (now Puyang County, Henan Province). As a direct descendant of the Yellow Emperor, Hui assisted Zhuan Xu to lead the tribe all his life.

At that time, there was a tribe called * * * workers who "competed with Zhuan Xu for the emperor". * * * The workers pounced. Under the leadership of Emperor Zhuan Xu, he led the troops to meet them. At this time, bows and arrows were widely used in the war, and finally defeated the workers' tribe, making them "die without touching the island."

After the victory over * * *, the territory ruled by Emperor Zhuan Xu expanded unprecedentedly, reaching to Youling (i.e. Youzhou) in the north, Jiaotoe (i.e. Guangdong and Guangxi) in the south, quicksand (i.e. Dunhuang West) in the west and Panmu (East China Sea) in the east. Because of his outstanding performance, Emperor Zhuan Xu named him Gong Zheng, also known as Zhang. Later, Gong and Zhang appeared. Swing is a kindred, the ancestor of China people surnamed Zhang.

Swing is the ancestor of China's Zhang surname. Is he the son of Huangdi or the grandson of Huangdi? Or is it not a specific person at all? Historians say that it is an honor for history to know that they are of the same ancestry.

After all, Bo is a legend in ancient times, so later generations have some differences on the origin of "Zhang": First, it is said that "Bo started to control bows and arrows, and the official bow stood upright, and the world took charge of his duties, giving him the surname Zhang"; One said that "swinging is the first chord arc, taking birds from the net, and the world is in charge of its duties, so it is the surname"; Once said, "the wave is sealed in Zhang, and it is Zhang." China's various classics also have different records-

History of the Warring States Period (supplement to Qin Jiamo's series): "Zhang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, was born in Qingyang and waved, worshiping the arc star for bows and arrows and watching the arc star, because of his surname Zhang."

In the Tang Dynasty, Yuan and his surname were edited: "Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, was born and lingering, and he only made bows and arrows to watch the arc stars. He mainly worships because his surname is Zhang. "

Textual research on surnames: "I waved an arrow and was sealed by Zhang, followed by Gong Jia and Zhang, looking out of Taiyuan."

"Custom Pass": "Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao and Huangdi gave their surnames."

Interpretation of "Surname and Guang Yun" in the Northern Song Dynasty: "When the five sons of Zhang and Xuanyuan came out, they started a string arc and took the bird from the net, so they thought it was a surname."

"The History of Taoism in Recent Five Years": "The son of the Yellow Emperor was printed on Zhang, which is Zhang Zhi".

Genealogy Table of Prime Ministers in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty: "Zhang surnamed Ji, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor Qingyang, wielded a bow and arrow, and later generations gave him the surname Zhang."

Zhang Jun Zhang's genealogy in the Ming Dynasty: "I got my surname from the son of Tong Yu, the third concubine of Xuanyuan Huangdi, who watched the arc and controlled the arrow. Given the surname Zhang, the official seal of the bow is the ancestor of the arc star. "

Qin Long rebuilt Zhang's genealogy in the Qing Dynasty: "The Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan was born in Jintian, also known as Qingyang. Wuzi waved his bow and arrow, and the official went to Gong Zheng to worship the arc star and take charge, giving him the surname Zhang. "

Zhu Shaohou, a professor of history at Henan University, once wrote that Zhang's ancestor Zhang Wave did exist in history. From the structural analysis of the word "Zhang", the bow length or longbow is Zhang, and Shuowen: "Zhang also plays the bowstring", it can be seen that the surname of Dang is closely related to the invention of bow and arrow and bowstring, which is also an indisputable historical fact.

Professor Zhu Shaohou also has his own views on the historical suspense of whether Yao is the son of the Yellow Emperor or the grandson of the Yellow Emperor.

Professor Zhu believes that from the perspective of historical research, Shi Ben is superior to surname biography. Generally speaking, the earlier the document is recorded, the closer it is to that era and the closer it is to the truth of history, so it is more authentic and authoritative. However, the study of history does not stipulate that "that document is not authoritative and cannot be quoted."

According to "Guoyu Yujin", "There are twenty-five descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and fourteen people have surnames, which are twelve surnames (two of them are Ji surnames and both are their own surnames), Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Zhen, Ren, Xun, Yi and Yi. There is no Zhang surname among the twelve surnames. Professor Zhu concluded that Yao was not the son of the Yellow Emperor, but the grandson of the Yellow Emperor.

However, which son of the Yellow Emperor is the son of Lang is recorded in different books. Shao Hao, son of Qingyang. Professor Zhu pointed out that among the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, there are two Qingyang clans, except for one Qingyang Xuanzang. According to the research results of modern scholars, it is considered that Jintian, Shao Hao is the leader of Dongyi nationality, which is different from Huangdi nationality, excluding the possibility that Shao Hao is the father and son of Huangdi. In addition, judging from the surname, it is his own surname, Xuantao is Ji's surname, and Yao was Ji's surname before he got his surname, which shows that Yao can only be Xuantao's son, not.

"It may not be a specific person, but the name of a tribal leader." Researcher Cheng Youwei, director of the Institute of History of Henan Academy of Social Sciences, agrees with this view. He wrote in the article "Life on the Swing: Looking at the Land of Qingyang": In fact, the social organizations in the Five Emperors era were tribal alliances, tribes and clans. In fact, the Yellow Emperor and others are not necessarily specific people, but probably the title of a tribal alliance chief, which can be used for several generations. Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku and Shao Hao are all the names of tribal alliance leaders. Ancient history records who gave birth to whom and whose son. In fact, it is said that a tribal clan is gradually multiplying and splitting into a new tribal clan, which has a certain blood relationship. It is recorded in ancient history that the Yellow Emperor married jane doe, which actually means that the two clans have a fixed marriage relationship outside the clan. In this sense, Hui may also be the name of a tribal leader.

Professor Zhu Shaohou believes that there should be an inclusive spirit in academic circles, such as "Is the poet the son of the Yellow Emperor or the grandson of the Yellow Emperor", because surname culture involves genealogy and there are many complicated problems. We should respect history and the documentary basis followed by all ethnic groups and tribes. No one has the right to rewrite their own genealogy, so that they can change their genealogy and forcibly unify it. A big family has a long history. In the legendary era, who can guarantee that there is no missing link, dislocation and cohesion in Zhang's bloodline? So it is an honor of history to know that they are of the same ancestry.

In the course of thousands of years' history, Zhang's surnames have been continuously merged, including ethnic surnames such as Xie, Long, Nie, Mongolia and North Korea, and at the same time, special surnames such as "Zhang Liao" and "James Zhang" have been derived.

Experts and scholars who study surnames generally believe that under the influence of tribal evolution, ethnic integration, war migration, dynasty change, cultural exchange and other factors, any surname will inevitably continue to merge and evolve in the long history, thus forming a surname group with the same surname but not necessarily the same clan.

The same is true of Zhang. In the course of its historical evolution, many other surnames merged with other ethnic groups, forming the Zhang ethnic group with a long history and numerous ethnic groups. The research of surname experts shows that the integration and evolution of Zhang's surname mainly comes from:

1. The descendants of the Chinese people are from the surname Ji.

According to the Genealogy, during the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a doctor in the State of Jin (now southwest of Shanxi, with the capital in the west of Shanxi). His surname was a descendant of the surname of the Yellow Emperor Ji, and his grandson's surname was Zhang, also known as Zhang.

In addition, Zhang was an official in the Jin Dynasty. In 403 BC, after Han, Zhao and Wei carved up the State of Jin, most of them moved with the capitals of the three countries except some. Among them, Zhang, who moved to South Korea, had a great influence, and he entered the DPRK as an official in past dynasties. South Korea started in Pingyang (now southwest of Linfen, Shanxi), then moved south to Yiyang (now Hancheng, Yiyang County, Henan Province), then moved to Yangzhai (now Yuzhou, Henan Province), and finally moved to Zheng (now Xinzheng, Henan Province). Zhao Chu established Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi), then moved to Zhongmou (now west of Hebi, Henan), and finally moved to Handan (now Hebei). Wei started from Anyi (now northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province) and later moved to Daliang (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). It's for the Zhang family between Shanxi, Hebei and Henan.

2, from giving the surname or his surname, his family changed his surname.

(1) According to Records of the Historian Longyou Na Ji, Longyou was the leader of the Nan people, who lived in Yunnan. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang of Shu was named Zhang, and later generations took Zhang as their surname.

(2) According to General Wei's reflection, Jinyang Liao's real name was Nie, and later it was changed to Zhang, who lived in Yanmen Mayi (now Shuoxian County, Shanxi Province) and later became a famous contemporary.

(3) from some ethnic minorities who changed their surnames to Zhang. According to relevant records, during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, Zhang was regarded as your surname among Wu Huan people. In the post-Zhao regime established by the Jie nationality in the Sixteen Kingdoms period, there were many Zhang surnames of the Jie nationality, such as; Jin You, a native of Liaoyang, whose real name is Gao, was the queen of Dongming (the founding monarch of Koguryo); There was no brave Mongolian general Bo Yan Timur in the Yuan Dynasty. After returning to the Ming Dynasty, he was given the surname Zhang. Jurchen complained that she had served as a thousand jurchen and was famous for her bravery and good fighting skills. Ming changed his surname to Zhang. In addition, there are Jurchen people in Zhan Yan's family. At this time, Chizhan and others also changed Zhang's, and so on. The change of surnames of these branches has made the Zhang tribe larger and more new members.

3. The evolution of Zhang surname in Taiwan Province.

Zhang in Taiwan Province Province has a special combination, which can be divided into Zhang Qing, Zhang Liao and James Zhang. The so-called "Shan" comes down in one continuous line from the ancestor Zhang Hui more than 4,000 years ago, and most of the "Zhangqing" people in this province belong to the famous Qinghe Yan School, and their roots are in the distant Hebei, Shandong and Henan regions.

There is also a special tribe of "Qing Zhang", that is, the Shengang Zhang family in Taichung, which has performed well in recent years. This Zhang family is a descendant of Zhang Dajing, a famous folk "Fanzi" in this province, and a princess of the indigenous Anshi Rebellion.

Zhang Dajing, a native of Guangdong, came to Taiwan from the sea during the Yongzheng period and reclaimed land in Taichung. At that time, Taichung was still the territory of aborigines. In order to open up a new world, Zhang Dajing cooperated with six taxi companies. He invested in Shenzhen to irrigate the indigenous people, who exchanged land for water. Soon, Zhang Dajing married Princess An Shi, so he was called "Fan Zi Ma Xu".

Zhang Dajing has contributed a lot to the development of Taichung Basin. Since then, a large number of mainland immigrant settlements have emerged from Shenzhen and Hong Kong, Fengyuan, Tanzi, Shigang, Dongshi and Xinzhuang. His contribution, even the Manchu emperor felt great. Later, he and A Mu, the leader of the Anshi Rebellion, were specially called to Beijing to praise him.

Zhang Liao was introduced into Taiwan Province Province from Fujian, with Zhang as the paternal line and Liao as the maternal line. Their family emblem is also a mixture of Zhang and Liao surnames-from Qinghe County of Zhang and Wuwei County of Liao, each with its initials, to form "Qingwutang".

"Zhang Jian" was also produced in Fujian in Song Dynasty. The paternal line is Jane and the maternal line is Zhang. Because the paternal ancestral home is Hongyuan Village, Li Taiping, Shanghang County, Fujian Province, the descendants of Zhang Jian's family in this province still use "Hongyuan" to express their roots.

The Zhang family, composed of three systems, Zhang Liao and Zhang Jian, is the fourth largest surname in Taiwan Province Province at present. Although they have their own origins, there is no doubt that all roads lead to the same goal in terms of blood relationship. They are all descendants of Xuanyuan, the Yellow Emperor, five thousand years ago. Therefore, Zhang in this province, no matter which system they belong to, has long regarded each other as a family. Not only can the joint clan organizations of Zhang, Liao and Jane be seen everywhere, but a few years ago, everyone also co-edited a genealogy of Zhang, Liao and Jane, uniting the clan in the most concrete way and clearing the source. (To be continued)

Zhang's ancestors originally migrated in all directions because they were "made princes", but more because of Dong Zhuo's rebellion, Eight Kings' rebellion, Yongjia's rebellion, and the subsequent invasion of the Central Plains by nomads and Mongols.

Zhang's surname originated in Puyang, Henan Province in the legendary era, and formed 26 counties in the process of spreading and migrating, namely: Qinghe County, Fanyang County, Taiyuan County, Jingzhao County, Nanyang County, Dunhuang County, Anding County, Xiangyang County, Luoyang County, Hedong County, Shixing County, Fengyi County, Pingyuan County, Hejian County, Zhongshan County, Xian County and Shu County.

In fact, from the record of Zhang's surname in the Book of the Prime Minister's Genealogy in the New Tang Dynasty, we can read the history of the spread and migration of a giant surname: "There was a scholar Zhong Zhang in Zhou Xuanwang, and his descendants became doctors. Zhang Hou was born very old, very old, he was born with bones. When Sanqing was promoted to Jin, Zhang was an official in North Korea. Han Xiangkai, life, all five kings. Life is good, word ovary, Liu Hanwen becomes Hou. There is no doubt about good student service. Don't doubt the birth of Canon, which breeds silence, Emerson Sima Jin. Jin Shengyang Mausoleum Gongcheng Qian Qiu is elegant. Song was born 1000 years ago. Song Wuzi: Zhuang, Zan, Peng, Mu, Shu. The strong are born, the rich are born, the word is uncle and Ming, and the post-Han dynasty is common, so it is in Wuyang. Hao, the satrap of Fan Yang in Beiping, avoided the land and lived in Wancheng. The word Sun, as fat as Hou Mengcheng, was the chief of Wei Yuyang before his death. Born in Maoxian, China, Jin and Zhuang martial arts people, two sons: Yi and Tang. Yi Zi, riding assistant minister. Yu Sheng, a public security official, is a prince, giving up his family and attacking Zhuang martial arts. Born the second time, Song Puyang was the satrap. Two sons: Mu Zhi and An Zhi. Ann's family moved to Xiangyang ... Lu, a eunuch of Jin, moved south and settled in Jiangzuo. The sixth Sun Long, Tai Changqing, returned to Hedong and later moved to Luoyang. "

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhong Zhang was an official in Haojing (now northwest of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province), and Zhang began to live in Guanzhong area.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin (now Shanxi) was Zhang's main settlement.

At the beginning of the Warring States, because Korea, Zhao and Wei were separated into Jin, they moved their capitals to Xinjun (now Henan), Handan (now Hebei) and Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan). Zhang, who originally lived in the state of Jin, moved to the north and south of the Yellow River with the shift of the political center.

During the Qin and Western Han Dynasties, after Zhang's ancestors made contributions, many people were made princes, so Zhang's activities were more extensive, not only covering most areas of the Yellow River Basin, but also reaching the coastal areas of Gansu, Ningxia, Shandong and Jiangsu in the west, the Great Wall in the north, the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in the south, and Bashu (Sichuan) and Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). In the meantime, Zhang became the most popular surname in the north, such as Zhang and Jingzhao, still a noble family, the three-phase Han family in Xiyang, Runan, and the Zhang family in Jiuquan, Dunhuang.

At the end of the Han Dynasty, due to Dong Zhuo's rebellion, the Central Plains was severely damaged, and the northern Zhang family was forced to move south for the first time.

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, due to the "Eight Kings Rebellion" and "Yongjia Rebellion", Zhang and other gentry moved southward on a large scale. Soon, Zhang first rose and later became the breeding center of Zhang in the southeast coast. At the same time, some of Zhang's people moved to Liaoning and Jilin in the northeast and Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang in the northwest. The southernmost tip is Sheng in Shaoguan, Guangdong.

During the Tang and Five Dynasties, when Zhang moved to the south, he also made great achievements. In many counties and counties, Zhang exists.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, that is, from the time when nomadic people occupied the north and south of the Yellow River to the time when Mongolian troops went south, the people surnamed Zhang in the north moved south again on a large scale. After several large-scale migrations to the south, Zhang's surname has spread all over the country since the Song Dynasty.

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, according to the Zhang family tree compiled by Zhang Jun and others during Jiajing period, there was a Zhang surname in each of the 15 administrative divisions in China at that time.

After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many people surnamed Zhang migrated to Taiwan Province Province from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong. On the eve of national liberation, there were also people named Zhang from all over the country who moved to Taiwan Province Province. In Taiwan Province Province, Zhang is also one of the most popular surnames, especially in Taipei, Changhua, Chiayi and Kaohsiung where Zhang has a large population.

In modern times, many people surnamed Zhang went abroad and lived overseas, and some even joined foreign nationality and became foreign citizens. There are many Zhang surnames abroad, especially in Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines in Southeast Asia, and there are also many Zhang surnames in North Korea and Japan in East Asia. In America, there are many Americans and Canadians named Zhang. There are also many Zhang people living in Europe, Britain, France, Russia and Australia in Oceania.

In short, after the "Eight Kings Rebellion" in the Jin Dynasty, Zhang experienced several large population movements and gradually spread all over China. They either served as officials or worked hard, and made great contributions to the development of China's history and society.

Due to the numerous clans of the Zhang family in the past dynasties, many aristocratic families were formed in the process of migration and reproduction, which were distributed in various regions of China, thus making Zhang one of the largest surnames in China and in the forefront.

Hundreds of millions of people surnamed Zhang in the world have a high sense of identity with their ancestors, which not only makes Puyang a holy place for Chinese at home and abroad to seek roots and worship their ancestors, but also greatly enhances the cohesion and centripetal force of the Chinese nation.

Zhang surnames have been added with different surnames in the historical evolution, but all Zhang surnames agree that they are the ancestors of their surnames. Since ancient times, hundreds of millions of Zhang people have paid tribute to Hui and his mausoleum.

Generally speaking, the Zhang clan generally agrees that its ancestral root (county of origin) is in Puyang, Henan Province. The reason is that Zhu Shaohou, a professor in the history department of Henan University, believes that this should start with the study of the lingering father, Qingyang Xuantao.

Historical Records of the Five Emperors states: "Lei Zu is the princess of the Yellow Emperor and gave birth to two sons. After that, there was the world. First, for Qingyang, Qingyang lives in the river. " Qingyang mentioned here is the title of Xiao Xuan, and this river is the birthplace of Xiao Xuan. This means that Xiao Xuan was born in a river and the city was sealed in Qingyang.

"Justice" quoted Ying Shao as saying: "The ancient river country is also". "Geography" also said that "Anyang ancient river country is also". He also quoted the cloud "Expanding Records": "The old city of Anyang is 80 miles southwest of Xinxi County, Yuzhou." Xinxi County in Yuzhou is now Xixian County in Henan Province, which means that Anyang, the ancient river country where Xiao Xuan was born, is not now Anyang in northern Henan. However, Xuantao's birthplace has little to do with his life activities, and Xuantao's feudal city Qingyang is where Yao grew up and lived.

According to the traditional interpretation of our country, "Shan Zhinan is the Yang, and the north of the water is the Yin", Qingyang is in the Yang of clear water (common for Qing and ancient times), and the ancient Qinghe River flows through Puyang, which proves that Zhang's ancestors waved and grew up in Puyang today.

According to historical records, he was buried in Diqiu (now Puyang, Henan) after his death. Diqiu is the birthplace, fief and surname of Gong Hui.

1In March, 998, the People's Government of Puyang County, Henan Province raised funds according to the wishes of the general public, rebuilt the tomb of Hua, and erected tombstones and statues. It was named "Gong Huigong's Tomb".

Gong Hui Cemetery is located in the southeast corner outside Puyang County, bordering South Ring Road in the north, Ma Jiahe in the west and Jindi in the south. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The cemetery is in the middle of the north, and Gonghui Qianmu Forest Park is on the south and east and west sides of the cemetery.

In the winter of 200 1 year, the construction of Gonghui Qianmu Forest Park started. After a winter's hard work, the staff of the county forestry bureau planted 640 thousand trees and repaired 3.8 kilometers of asphalt road, and the park has begun to take shape.

In the process of rebuilding Gong Huiling's tomb and building Gong Hui Park, descendants of Gong Hui and people of insight at home and abroad gave generously. In order to thank them for their contributions, a meritorious monument was specially built to commemorate them.

On April 18, 2002, Zhang's relatives from Malaysia, Taiwan Province Province, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and other places rushed to Puyang to pay special tribute to Zhang's ancestors. The poems recited were magnificent, colorful and touching. The record is as follows:

In 2002, it was not noon, and the morning was built at the beginning of the month to celebrate the 1911 Day. It was the time when Zhang's ancestors were awarded the surname memorial meeting. There are clansmen and distinguished guests from Malaysia, Taiwan Province, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Shanxi, Hebei and Henan. We should pay tribute to the ancestors of Zhang's ancestors.

Great China, long mountains and high waters, a vast family name, and a glorious family history. The ancestor waved the public and was very brave. After Xuanyuan, the emperor Zhou Shichang. His father, Xiao Xuan, sealed Qingyang on the shore of Qinghe River, nourished and grew up. Brotherhood, Zhuan Xu's martial arts, is born with knowledge and special skill. Pity the sufferings of the people, think hard, worship the lone star and watch the sky at night. Suddenly inspired, imitating branches and making bows and arrows. The history secretary is very detailed. Used for hunting, surplus warehouse of prey, food and clothing, Li Shu praised. It is used to defend the enemy, and its power is unparalleled. It won a great victory and expanded its territory. Xian, the emperor of Zhuan Xu and the Lord of China, is admired by all the people. He made great contributions to the public, passed down from generation to generation, and was praised by Zhuan Xu. He was appointed chief archer. Taking the post as the surname is given to Zhang and Zhang's ancestor, starting from the four sides. Melon preserves spread and flourished all over the world, and spread widely. Heroes and sages come forth in large numbers, constantly striving for self-improvement and entering the cabinet to respect each other. Science and technology, literature and art, industry and agriculture, everyone is in need, and the stars set each other off. Now I'm waiting to fly to Puyang, not far from Wan Li, to worship my ancestors and burn incense. The merits and demerits of our ancestors are remembered in our hearts, and our homeland is not forgotten, which is a credit to our country. Gong Hui's children and grandchildren, create more glory, ancestors have spirit. Come and have a taste.