What are the characteristics of early colonial expansion?

What are the characteristics of early colonial expansion?

The early colonial countries in Europe were mainly Spain, Portugal and Britain. The characteristics of early colonial expansion are also different from those of late colonial expansion. So what are the characteristics of early colonial expansion in Europe?

European colonial expansion

The early colonial goal of Portuguese colonists was in the old world. Portuguese businessmen set up commercial post stations in the Eastern Hemisphere to deceive countries in the Eastern Hemisphere by means of plunder and extortion, and finally achieved the goal of colonization. China's former Taiwan Province province and Macau were once Portuguese colonies. Later, the Portuguese were expelled from Taiwan Province province, ending their rule in Taiwan Province province ahead of schedule. On the other hand, Macau was once a Portuguese colony until 1997, when it was taken back by the China government. Apart from China, Portuguese colonies also include Brazil in America and parts of Africa.

The early colonial expansion of Spain was completely different from that of Portugal. Spain's colonial goal is in the western hemisphere. By killing local residents and mining gold mines, they established colonial countries in colonies to serve their own political control. The bloody rule of Spain provided a template for the later colonial rule of European countries. Later, France, Japan and other countries brutally ruled the colonies by establishing colonial governments.

At this time, Britain has no strength to compete with Spain and Portugal. Therefore, Britain's early colonial expansion was manifested in general maritime trade, piracy and slave trade.

Although colonial expansion provided the capitalist society with raw material producing areas and commodity sales markets, it brought profound disasters to the people of Asia, Africa and Latin America.

What impact did colonial expansion have on China?

The colonial expansion of Europe had a far-reaching impact on China. At that time, no country could escape the influence of capitalist culture.

Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China.

The influence of colonial expansion on China mainly includes two stages. The first stage is 65438+ after the 1940s. During this period, the western powers, mainly Britain, launched two wars against China, which brought about great changes in China society. Politically, China was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties, which gradually reduced China to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. Great changes have taken place in China's domestic contradictions, revolutionary tasks and revolutionary nature. Economically, China was forced to be involved in the world capitalist market, becoming the raw material producing area and commodity sales market of the great powers, and the economic structure of China changed; There is a new wave of learning from the west in thought, which objectively disintegrated the embodiment of feudal education and imperial examination system; In diplomacy, the closed-door policy of the Qing Dynasty was completely broken, and China was integrated into the world.

The second stage of colonial expansion's influence on China was 19. At the end of the 20th century, the national crisis in China became more serious. Politically, the Qing dynasty completely turned into a "foreign court", with increasingly fierce internal contradictions and democratic movements one after another. Economically, China's national capitalist economy was destroyed by the west, and China further became an economic vassal of the great powers; In terms of ideology and culture, the Revolution of 1911 caused China's second ideological emancipation, and democracy and thoughts were deeply rooted in people's hearts.

The influence of colonial expansion on China has both advantages and disadvantages, but generally speaking, the modernization of the country is also the trend of the world trend. If you can't keep up with the world trend, you will eventually be abandoned.

What are the effects of colonial expansion?

The influence of European colonial expansion changed the course of the modern world. Under the influence of colonial expansion, originally unrelated areas gradually linked. It makes the links between regions of the world increasingly close, the capitalist world market further expands, and even global economic relations appear.

Colonial expansion in Europe

Of course, this is for the whole world. For colonial countries, colonial expansion made them gain a lot of wealth from the colonies. It also provided a broad overseas market for Western Europe and promoted the development of capitalism. Those businessmen in Europe made high profits, which provided conditions for their advanced careers. Due to the primitive accumulation of capital, bourgeois new noble appeared in Britain. Relying on their own economic resources, these nobles gradually controlled the parliament and laid a political foundation for the bourgeois revolution.

For those colonies, the colonial expansion of western Europe brought them great disasters. Colonial countries should not only provide cheap raw materials for capitalist countries, but also accept the consequences of commodity dumping. Cruel plunder caused the long-term backwardness of Asia, Africa and Latin America. The gap between the east and the west is also widening. But one thing is certain. In Asia, Africa and Latin America, under the impact of the industrial revolution, the original mode of production has been greatly impacted, and cultural concepts have also been greatly affected. Originally, Japan was a closed-door feudal country. However, under the impact of western capitalist culture and the invasion of western capital, Japan accepted the transformation of capitalist culture and eventually became a first-class power in Asia. This is also an opportunity brought by colonial expansion.

However, Japan is only a special case. More countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America lost their sovereignty and territory in the colonial expansion, and became the targets of being trampled upon by others.