The Significance of Social Work Intervening in Rural Development

Due to the aging of rural population, the miniaturization of family size, the core of family structure and the normalization of population flow, the traditional rural old-age security in China has been weakening. At the same time, due to the relatively low level of modern old-age security, the overall old-age security in rural areas in China is insufficient. The rural elderly groups are not only facing the problem of providing for the aged, but also facing a series of problems such as psychology, security and family relations brought about by the departure of young family laborers. The diversified and multi-level service demand of rural elderly is increasing, which puts forward higher requirements for the supply of rural old-age services.

In recent years, the unbalanced development of urban and rural aged care services has become an important reason affecting the healthy development of China's aged care service industry. Improving the ability and level of rural old-age service is the key content to fill the shortcomings of current development, improve the quality of old-age service and improve people's satisfaction. Among them, professional social workers, community workers and volunteer service providers, relying on rural grassroots party organizations, autonomous organizations and social organizations to participate in rural old-age services, can provide professional and targeted services for rural elderly people, and have far-reaching practical significance for integrating social resources and enriching rural old-age services.

In the process of constructing the social work model for the elderly in rural areas, the individual needs of the elderly, the economic and social development of rural communities and the specific cultural background are all factors that must be considered. There are differences among rural elderly groups, and the problems they face are more complicated. It is necessary to adjust the interaction between people and the environment and between people from the macro level, so as to reconstruct the living environment of the elderly in rural communities, and to provide direct material help and spiritual support to the elderly in rural areas and their families in need from the micro level. Specific social work interventions include the following three levels.

First of all, the macro-level social work intervention mainly focuses on policies and regulations related to the rural elderly. Providing practical protection for the elderly in rural areas is the best embodiment of social equity. At present, the government has issued some policies on rural old-age security, such as rural minimum living allowance and new rural cooperative medical system, but these measures have not actually covered all rural elderly. In the process of social work localization, the top-down model has always occupied a dominant position. At this level, the operation of social work for the elderly in rural areas is mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, through the integration of policies and regulations for the elderly in rural areas, the policies are operable and the relevant policies and regulations that can truly benefit the majority of rural elderly people are actively constructed; Second, by combining the existing posts within the administrative system, the government develops corresponding rural social work posts for the elderly, and establishes and improves the policy system for the training and management of rural social work talents for the elderly; Third, raise funds through multiple channels, increase investment in old-age security and medical security for the elderly in rural areas, and let the elderly in rural areas get fair treatment; Fourthly, on the basis of the original experience and knowledge, we should actively introduce the professional concepts and working methods of social work, fully tap the local resources in rural areas and change from management to service.

Second, the intervention of middle-level social work is to carry out rural aging work at the level of rural communities. Compared with urban communities, rural communities have different cultural backgrounds and lack community activities and community organizations in which the elderly participate. Life care, productive labor, family comfort, disease care, education and safety of left-behind children in rural areas are the work contents involved in the middle level. First of all, the social work for the elderly in rural areas closely connects the residents in the community by strengthening the sense of identity in daily life, stimulates the internal vitality of the community with the help of external forces, promotes the enthusiasm of the elderly in rural areas to participate in community public affairs, and actively expands the old-age service function of the comprehensive service facilities in rural communities. Secondly, on the basis of fully understanding the internal and external resources of rural communities, social workers integrate superior resources, mobilize and organize villagers to help each other, and organize other community members, such as women, teachers, primary and secondary school students, to help rural elderly strengthen their interaction with rural residents and improve neighborhood relations. In addition, self-help and mutual assistance among the elderly in rural areas is also one of the activities with strong operability, such as organizing the younger elderly to help the elderly, helping the elderly with poor health, and helping the elderly with good economic conditions to help the elderly with financial difficulties, and constantly promoting the establishment of a care service system for the disabled, left-behind and elderly in rural areas. Finally, social work should also emphasize the cultivation of community leaders and the promotion of community autonomy. Old people who are strong, prestigious and capable in the community can become community leaders and give full play to their potential.

Thirdly, the micro-level "social worker intervention" mainly provides one-to-one services for the rural elderly, involving their psychology, behavior, cognition and family. Social workers help rural elderly to solve individual problems such as psychological and spiritual comfort through case work methods and related skills. On the one hand, social workers fully understand and understand the problems and needs of the elderly in rural areas, take measures directly for the elderly individuals, and solve specific problems through intervention; On the other hand, social workers indirectly help the rural elderly by intervening or improving the external environment through the third party. In practice, rural elderly social workers combine the skills of self-exploration, empathy, nostalgia, life review, etc. in the case work of the elderly, helping the elderly to understand the root causes of various problems they face and the relationship with their families and surrounding environment. By integrating family and community resources, they can promote the positive changes in the behavior of the elderly in rural areas, so that the elderly can actively integrate into society and participate in activities, thus improving their current living conditions and improving their quality of life.

Background and significance of social work intervening in migrant workers' service

The problem of migrant workers has become one of the most prominent and important social problems in China's social transformation period, and the innovation of migrant workers' service and management is imminent. This is not only the demand of social development, but also the service demand of migrant workers, and it is also a problem that modern social governance system needs to continue to deal with. Especially in mega-modern cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, the effective supply and innovation of social services for migrant workers has become an unavoidable and important issue in social governance. And social work is a help? Urbanization of people? Process and an important innovative means to alleviate the social problems of migrant workers, which not only conforms to the development experience of international social work, but also is the practical experience of social work serving migrant workers in China.

Both the government and academic circles recognize the complexity, particularity and arduousness of the social problems of migrant workers. Whether this problem can be effectively alleviated or solved will, to some extent, determine the quality of urbanization and social development in China. At the same time, the relatively static service concepts and methods of traditional service departments can no longer meet the increasingly diversified and complicated service needs of migrant workers. Relevant government departments and mass organizations need to change their concepts and methods and actively respond to the development needs of the new era.

Under the background of the new era, the problem of migrant workers presents the following main characteristics: First, the social contribution and policy welfare are not equal, and the floating population has made irreplaceable contributions to China's social development, but failed to enjoy the same social welfare equally; Second, the new generation of migrant workers has become the main body of migrant workers, and migrant workers are entering the end of intergenerational replacement; Third, the reasons for mobility are more diverse and complicated. The second and third generation migrant workers prefer the work and life in cities, and have a stronger willingness to stay in cities. Fourthly, the mobility mode has changed from individual labor mobility to family migration, which has brought about the change of the whole demand, and the education and family problems of migrant workers' children have increasingly become the core concern; Fifth, what is the traffic pattern? Pendulum Mobility is transformed into stable work and life in the city; Sixth, the demand has changed obviously, showing the characteristics of diversification, complexity and individualization, and the demand for social policies is stronger. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the social problems of migrant workers by professional services, and inject new development momentum into solving the social problems of migrant workers.

The intervention of social work in the service of floating population is not only an important content in the development process of international social work, but also an important choice for social service and governance innovation of migrant workers in China. Social organizations in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and other regions have achieved good results in the practice of social work serving migrant workers, which strongly proves this point.

Judging from the development history of international social work, migrant social work is one of the earliest fields of social work in many countries and regions. In a sense, the emergence and development of social work is also accompanied by industrialization, urbanization and modernization. Conversely, social work is also an important professional force to deal with social problems brought about by urbanization. Migrant workers are the main body of urban workers and industrial workers in China, and they are also the social vulnerable groups, and they also entered the vision of social work development in China earlier.

Since 2006, the development of social work in China has shown the outstanding characteristics of all-round development and rapid advancement. On the basis of the existing research on migrant workers' problems, the intervention of social work in migrant workers' services has once again received high-density attention and become an indispensable content in the field of social work development. Opinions on Promoting Migrant Workers' Integration into Urban Communities depicts migrant workers' participation in community life at the national level for the first time? Road map? A series of social work policies and systems, such as Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Social Work Professionals and Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Social Work Professionals in Trade Unions, clearly regard migrant workers as the key service objects of social work. Coupled with the early intervention and experience exploration of private social work institutions, social work has become an important means of social service and governance innovation for migrant workers.

On the one hand, the intervention of social work in the service of migrant workers conforms to the requirements of the times when the state guides and solves the social problems of migrant workers and promotes their integration into cities and communities. The value concept and diversified methods of social work can effectively help the government solve the social problems of migrant workers and help them integrate into urban society; On the other hand, bringing migrant workers' service into the important field of social work service system has also expanded the object and scope of social work service, which not only helps to promote the development of local social work in China, but also has important reference significance for other developing countries in the world.