In which dynasty was Chengdu built?

According to historical records, about after A.D.

Jinsha site

In the middle of the 5th century, the ancient Shu kingdom moved its capital from Fan Xiang (Shuangliu), the capital of Guangdu, to build a city. But according to the Jinsha site excavated in reality, the history of Chengdu can be traced back to 3200 years ago.

As for the origin of Chengdu's official system, according to Taiping Universe, it borrowed the historical process of establishing the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty. After moving to Qi for one year, it became a city in two years and Chengdu for three years, it was named Shu Capital. The pronunciation of Chengdu in Shu dialect is the capital of Shu. The winner never dies. Chengdu means the capital of Shu, or the last capital. [ 13]

In 3 16 BC, Qin successively annexed Shu and Ba and set Shu County in Chengdu. Qin Gui and Sima Cuo built Taicheng (prefecture), and the following year, Qin Gui built a small town (prefecture Xicheng) to the west of Taicheng.

In 256 BC, Li Bing, the magistrate of Shu County, led the local people to build the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project, which is still well-known today. He absorbed the experience of previous people in water control and made a stonemason's draft for measuring Dujiangyan, which is the earliest draft of the draft in China. In BC 14 1 year, Wen Weng, the magistrate of Shu County, established the earliest local official school "Wen Weng Shishi" in China.

At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Chengdu replaced Guanzhong and was called "Tianfu".

In the fifth year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 106), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the world into thirteen states and established Yizhou. Wang Mang changed Yizhou to Yong Department, and Shu County diverted rivers for governance. In the fifth year (24 years) of the new emperor, Gongsun Shu proclaimed himself emperor and decided to "get married" in Chengdu. It was changed to Yizhou and Shujun to Chengdu Yin. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was Shu County. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Yan was appointed as "Yizhou Pastoral" and moved to Chengdu from Luojun County, Guanghan County, with Chengdu as the state, county and county. During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu's brocade was very developed, with "Jin Guan", so it was called "Jin Guan Cheng" or "Jin Cheng". During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu's commerce was developed, and during the Qin Dynasty, Chengdu became a national metropolis. In the Western Han Dynasty, the population of Chengdu reached 76,000, with a population of nearly 400,000.

In Han Dynasty, Chengdu was the center of lacquerware craft in the world and the birthplace of China tea culture.

Chengdu was the capital of Shu and Han during the Three Kingdoms period. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in turmoil, and the Han clan Liu Bei rose in the warlord melee. In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Pi, the son of Cao Cao, usurped the Han Dynasty, and in the following year (22 1), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Shu, which continued the unification of the Han Dynasty. Shu Han began with Emperor Liu Bei of Zhaolie, and finally Han Huai Emperor Liu Chan, which lasted for 43 years. In its heyday, it occupied Jingzhou and Yizhou, and its national strength was strong. However, Guan Yu lost Jingzhou, and after Liu Bei defeated Yiling, he was greatly weakened. Later, Zhuge Liang ruled the country and resumed production, so that he could compete with Wei and Wu. [ 13]

Emperor Wu of Jin changed Shu County to Chengdu State, which was later renamed. In 304 AD, Li Xiong established a "Dacheng" country in Chengdu, which was called "Cheng Han" in history. In 347 AD, Cheng Han was destroyed by Huan Wen in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which lasted for five years.

Du Fu Thatched Cottage

After the Southern Song Dynasty and the Qi Dynasty, the governing sites of Yizhou and Shujun were all Chengdu, Yizhou secretariat ruled Taicheng, and Chengdu internal history ruled Shaocheng. From 348 to 354 AD, Changqu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty compiled the earliest extant Huayang County annals in China. Yizhou General Political Department was established in the following week. In 582, the Sui Dynasty opened the emperor for two years and changed to Southwest Road Station. The following year, the general manager's office resumed. In the early years of Daye (605), the government was abolished and Yizhou was changed to Shu County.

Yizhou was restored in the Tang Dynasty, and general manager office was the first year of Wude (6 18). In the third year of Wude (620), it was changed to Southwest Road. In the ninth year of Wude (626), it was changed to Dudufu. In the second year of Longshuo (662), he was promoted to the Metropolitan Government. In the early years of Tianbao (742), Shu County was restored. In the second year of Zhide (757), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was lucky enough to stay in Shu and was promoted to the capital. As Nanjing, it was changed to the capital of Yin. At that time, it was divided into east and west rivers, and Chengdu was the site of our time. In the early years of Shang Yuan Dynasty (760), Beijing was closed, but the capital remained unchanged.

During the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu was economically developed, culturally prosperous and Buddhism prevailed. Chengdu has become one of the four major cities in China (Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou and Chengdu), with developed agriculture, silk industry, handicraft industry and commerce, and rapid development of papermaking and printing industry. In the Tang Dynasty, writers gathered in Chengdu, and great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Bo, Lu, Gao Shi, Xue Tao, Li Shangyin, Tao Yong and Kang Shu all lived in Chengdu for a short time. In the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu developed tourist attractions such as Kaimahachi and Baihuatan. During the Zhenguan period, Jianyuan Temple was built in the north of the city. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Zhaojue Temple, which was called "the first jungle in western Sichuan". [13] In the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu had the earliest woodcut printed cultural relics invented and used in the world. Dalagni Mantra, Residual Pages of Nishikawa's Diamond Sutra and Residual Pages of Chengdu Fan Jia Li are the earliest existing prints in the world.

In 907, Zhu Wen destroyed the Tang Dynasty and established the "Hou Liang" regime. The history of China entered five dynasties. Wang Jian's "Sanchuan" regime was proclaimed emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Shu, which was called "Qian Shu" in history. Wang Jianwei has made great efforts in the development and prosperity of economy and culture in central Sichuan. The youngest son, Wang Yan, has been on the throne for only seven years. After 925, Guo Chongtao was sent by the Emperor Zhuang of the Tang Dynasty to attack Shu, and Wang Yan, the former ruler of Shu, surrendered and the former Shu perished. In the later Tang Dynasty, Meng Zhixiang was appointed as the deputy envoy to give up the festival. After the decline of the late Tang Dynasty, in the first month of 934, Meng Zhixiang proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Shu, which was called "Houshu" in history. In the autumn of the same year, the third son, Meng Chang, died at the age of 16. He was quite successful and ruled for 30 years. After that, he was overjoyed and sent troops to Guanzhong blindly, which increased the burden on the people and led to the decline of national strength, which was destroyed by the Song Dynasty in 965.

Meng Changjun, the ruler in the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties, wrote the first Spring Festival couplets in China, "The weather is good and the spring is full". Chengdu painter Huang Quan initiated China meticulous flower-and-bird painting school, and Meng Chang, the empress of Shu, became the earliest royal painting academy in China. Zhao Chongzuo of Houshu edited Hua Jian Ji, the first collection of words in the history of China literature.

During the Song Dynasty, Chengdu's economy was extremely developed and it was the leading metropolis in China. Taking Jinxiu as an example, the number of patterns has increased from more than 10 in the Tang Dynasty to more than 40 in the Song Dynasty, and new patterns such as Tianma, flying fish, peacock and Ruyi peony can be woven, accounting for more than 70% of the total number handed in in the country. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were special silkworm markets, medicine markets and flower markets in Chengdu. Due to the development of business, the world's earliest paper money "Jiaozi" appeared in Chengdu, and the government set up the world's earliest management savings bank "Jiaozi Service Office" in Chengdu.

Around 1082, Tang Shenwei, a famous doctor in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote the earliest existing pharmacopoeia "Certified Emergency Materia Medica" in China. During the reign of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, a government-run Jiaozi business was established in Yizhou (Chengdu), which was publicly printed by the government and issued "Jiaozi". In the fifth year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1257), Chengdu was captured by Mongolia. In the 23rd year of Yuan Dynasty (1286), Chengdu Road was set as the resident of Sichuan provincial capital. In the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty (1360), Daxia State was established in the Ming Dynasty and renamed as Chengdu Secretariat House.

Ming Hongwu four years (137 1 year),

Shu Wangling in Ming Dynasty

The Ming army attacked and destroyed the Daxia regime established by Ming Yu Zhen, and set up the chief secretary of Sichuan Chengxuan in Chengdu, with Chengdu as its capital. Chun Zhu, the 11th son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was named King of Shu, and his palace was in Chengdu, which is now the "imperial city". In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1644), Zhang led the army into Chengdu and became emperor on his own, which was called Chengdu Xijing. When the Qing army entered Sichuan, the Han people in Sichuan strongly resisted. After years of war, the population has been greatly reduced. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu court immigrated, and Chengdu gradually recovered its vitality and prospered to this day. In the Qing Dynasty, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sichuan was located in Chengdu. The emperor also sent the Governor of Sichuan and the General of Chengdu to Chengdu. In the second year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1863), Shi Dakai, the general of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, led an army into Sichuan and failed to attack Chengdu. The Qing army captured him and executed him in an alley in Chengdu. [ 13]

In June, 19 1 1, the railway protection movement was launched in Chengdu. The "Chengdu Massacre" caused by Zhao Erfeng, the governor of Sichuan in Qing Dynasty, triggered a popular uprising, which directly led to the full-scale outbreak of the Revolution of 1911 and made it immortal for the bourgeois-democratic revolution in China.

The advantages of. 1911165438+1On October 27th, Pu Dianjun, a member of the Constitutional Party, announced that Sichuan had left the Qing Dynasty and established the Dahan military government as the viceroy. 19 12 March 12, the military government in Chengdu was changed to the military government in Sichuan, with Yin as the viceroy. In the third year of the Republic of China (A.D. 19 14), the Beiyang government ordered the establishment of Xichuan Road in Chengdu, leading to 3 1 counties such as Chengdu and Huayang. After the abandoned roads were restored to the province, Chengdu remained the capital of Sichuan. [ 13]

1On February 27th, 949, the China People's Liberation Army (PLA) entered Chengdu, and Chengdu became the resident of the western Sichuan administrative region. 1952 1 In September, People's Republic of China (PRC) * * and People's Republic of China (PRC) Central People's Government abolished all administrative offices and restored the organizational system of Sichuan Province, and then the Sichuan Provincial People's Government was established in Chengdu.

1February, 1989, with the approval of the State Council, Chengdu's economic and social development plan was listed as a national plan, enjoying provincial economic management authority, and became one of the cities listed in the national 14 plan.

1May, 1994, with the approval of the 6th meeting of the Central Organizing Committee, cities with separate plans were designated as sub-provincial cities, and Chengdu strengthened the position and role of provincial institutions in overall planning and coordination, becoming one of the sub-provincial cities in China 15.