Hong Kong in Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties

In the Tang Dynasty, as Guangzhou was an international commercial port, the "Tuen Mun District" (that is, the coastal area from Dongguan to Lantau Island including Deep Bay) was used as a military port, a safe haven and an outer port for overseas traffic in Guangzhou, which was the only place for seagoing ships to pass in and out of Guangzhou. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty once quoted Jia Dan, a geographer in the Tang Dynasty, as saying: "Guangzhou goes out of the southeast sea and 200 miles to Tuen Mun Mountain." Han Yu wrote in the sixth song of Farewell to Yuan Eighteen:' Although the clouds in Tuen Mun are high, they still reflect waves'. Liu Yuxi wrote in "Song of Treading Waves":' After a long period of accumulation, the surging waves will not turn into treading waves'. At present, there is no historical evidence that Han and Liu have been to Tuen Mun. The scenery of Tuen Mun appeared in their poems, which shows that it was famous for its convenient maritime transportation in the Tang Dynasty. The management of salt ponds is also quite developed.

Young master has escaped.

In A.D. 1276, five-year-old Song Gongdi and his ministers surrendered to the Mongolian army of the Yuan Dynasty in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou). Zhang Shijie, the younger brother of the general Song Duanzong Zhao, was demoted to "Guanfuchang" in Kowloon (now Guantang area) on 1277. Zhao was a big stone that slept with his younger brother Zhao Min, and was later engraved with the words "Song Wangtai". According to legend, the exiled court also stayed in Silver Mine Bay (Mui Wo) and Tung Chung on Lantau Island. Hou Wang Temple in Tung Chung is said to commemorate an official of this imperial court.

Later, at the age of 10, Zhao died of illness, and Zhao Min was promoted to the throne in Mei Wei, later known as Min. When the Yuan Army arrived, Zhao Min passed Repulse Bay (now Tsuen Wan) and planned to cross the sea to Xinhui. However, when the ship sailed to Yamen, Xinhui, Guangdong today, the Yuan army arrived and the Song division was defeated. 1279, Minister Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea near Xinhui Yamen and died in the Song Dynasty.

According to legend, a fortune teller told Zhao Min that if he got there and saw nine dragons there, the Song Dynasty would rise again. I arrived at that time, because I only counted eight mountains (eight dragons) and jumped off the cliff in despair. But in fact, because Dihua is also a dragon, there are actually nine dragons in this area. This is also the origin of the name of Kowloon Peninsula.

In addition, there is a legend that the respondent told the boatman that as long as the boat passed the cliff gate, the Yuan army would catch up because it was impossible to cross the sea. However, it turns out that yamen has two sides. At that time, ships only passed through the small yamen, not the big yamen. Lu Xiufu was afraid that the Yuan army would catch up and jumped into the sea with the emperor in his arms.

salt industry

In the Song Dynasty, salt production in Hong Kong had reached a considerable scale. Because of the high profit of salt industry, the Song government once set up an "official rich field" in the northwest of Kowloon Bay in this area and around Kowloon City and Kai Tak Airport, and sent salt officials to station troops to manage this salt field. According to Song Hui Yao, in the first year of Longxing (A.D. 1 163), Guangdong Salt Tea Company said: Guangbo Laotian, Tiantian, Chaohuilaitian and Nanlingtian are all remote ... If these four fields are to be abandoned, they should be attached to the adjacent saltworks, and Guanfu field should be attached to the overlapping blessed land. Longxing is the title of filial piety in the Southern Song Dynasty. Judging from this historical data, the official wealth field was set before Xiaozong in the Southern Song Dynasty and at the latest during Gaozong in the Southern Song Dynasty. Lantau Island was once an important salt producing area in Hong Kong. In Song Gaozong, the local people came to know others, and the young people were elected as the water army, which relaxed the ban on fishing salt and called it salinization. When Song Ningzong was in Guangdong, Xu Anguo, who raised salt tea, sent people to Lantau Island to catch smugglers, causing a large-scale salt uprising on the island. The insurgents led by Gordon attacked the gate of Guangzhou at high tide.

nautical

In the Song Dynasty, the navigation industry in Kowloon Peninsula was also very developed. According to the Lin Family Tree in Pugang Village, Kowloon, a man named Lin Changsheng built Putian in the Song Dynasty and moved his family to Peng Pu Wei (now Daqian Village) near Wong Tai Sin. He made a living by sailing from generation to generation, sailing between Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangdong. Once, his grandchildren Lin and Lin Baijian went to sea in a hurricane, and the ship was damaged and disappeared. Holding the awning, the two men hugged Lin's elder sister, who was enshrined on the boat, and floated to Donglong Island (South Buddha Hall) to escape safely. They thought it was God's protection of knowledge, so they built a temple for Lin's sister in Nanfo Hall. Lin's son Lin later built a similar temple in Beifotang. This sister-in-law Lin was later called Tianhou. The migration history of Lin family in Song Dynasty and the construction of Nantianhou Temple and Beifo Temple in this area reflected the development of navigation industry in this area at that time.

Commerce, fisheries, agriculture

Because of the booming business, large-scale immigration began in the Song Dynasty. Fisheries and agriculture have also developed due to demand. When Jinshi Deng (a native of Jishui, Jiangxi) was in town, he once took a boat to Yangchun, Guangdong, passing through Tuen Mun, New Territories, and experienced the beauty of local customs. So after resigning, his family moved to Centian (Jintian). Deng established pastoral poetry and built a tomb here, engaged in agricultural development. He built the north-south fence of Jintian and buried the bodies of his great-grandparents, grandparents and parents in the New Territories. According to legend, in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Deng Yuanxun, a descendant of the Deng family, was already very rich, with ten thousand mu of fertile land. During the reign of Kangxi in the early Qing Dynasty, Deng not only owned rich land in Jin Tianyi, but also owned many fields on Hong Kong Island, becoming the first family.

In addition, at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Jinshi Hou Wulang moved to Dongguan County, and his son Hou Zhuofeng moved to Shang He Township to build a tea shed to do small business. Later generations still live in townships, rock hills, money and hills in the New Territories. After the Song Dynasty, Liao, Wen and Peng moved in one after another. His China surname is the descendant of Wen Tianxiang, the leader of the late Song Dynasty. Together with Deng and Hou, they are called the five major clans in the New Territories.