Induction of geographical knowledge points in the second volume of the seventh grade

Induction of geographical knowledge points in the second volume of the seventh grade. I have compiled relevant knowledge here, hoping to help you.

Sixth, the continent where we live-Asia.

natural environment

1. Hemispheric location: Most of Asia is located in the Eastern Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere.

2. Close to the ocean: North Asia is the Arctic Ocean, East Asia is the Pacific Ocean, and South Asia is the Indian Ocean.

3. Adjacent continents and dividing lines: Northwest Asia is bounded by Ural Mountain, ural river, Caspian Sea, Great Caucasus Mountain, Black Sea, Turkish Strait and Europe;

Southwest Asia is bounded by Suez Canal and Africa;

South faces Oceania across the sea; The northeast faces North America across the Bering Strait.

Asia is the largest continent in the world, with the widest latitude and the longest distance from east to west.

5. Division of Asia: Asia is divided into East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Central Asia and North Asia according to geographical location.

6. Asian topographic features: the ground fluctuates greatly, with high in the middle and low around; The terrain is complex and diverse, mainly plateaus and mountains.

7. Main terrain area: West Siberian Plain of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

8. Major rivers and their discharge into the sea: ob river, Yenisei River and Lena River flow into the Arctic Ocean; The Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Meigong River flow into the Pacific Ocean, and the Ganges River flows into the Indian Ocean.

9. Distribution characteristics of rivers: Most rivers originate in the central mountainous areas and plateaus and flow radially to the surrounding oceans. The reason is that the terrain in Asia is high in the middle and low around.

10. Lake: Caspian Sea ~ ~ The largest lake in the world, salt lake; Lake Baikal ~ ~ the deepest freshwater lake with the largest storage capacity in the world; Dead sea ~ ~ the lowest point of the world land.

1 1. Climate characteristics: complex and diverse, with remarkable monsoon climate and the widest continental climate distribution.

12. Main climate types: tropical rain forest climate, tropical monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, temperate monsoon climate, temperate continental climate, tropical subtropical desert climate, Mediterranean climate, plateau mountain climate and cold zone climate.

13. temperate continental climate: it is the most widely distributed climate type in Asia, covering central and western Asia. Its climate is characterized by long and cold winters, short and warm summers, and scarce precipitation throughout the year.

14. Monsoon climate: It is mainly distributed in the east and south of Asia, and is characterized by large seasonal changes in wind direction and seasonal changes in precipitation throughout the year. The disadvantage is that it is prone to droughts and floods.

15. Characteristics of climate distribution in Africa: with the equator as the center, the climate types are symmetrically distributed in the north and south; The tropical climate is dominant, and the tropical rain forest and savanna climate are widely distributed.

(b) the human environment

1.20 1 1 year, the world's total population is * * * 7 billion, and Asia is the most populous continent.

2. Countries with a world population of over 6,543.8 billion: China, India, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Russia, Japan, Nigeria and Mexico.

There are six in Asia: China, Indian, Indonesian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Japanese.

Except Antarctica, the populations of all continents in the world are: Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America and Oceania.

4. Except Antarctica, the average natural population growth rate is Africa, Latin America, Asia, Oceania, North America and Europe.

Asia has a large population, which puts great pressure on resources and environment.

6. There are about 1000 ethnic groups in Asia, accounting for about half of the total ethnic groups in the world. Han nationality is the most populous nation in the world.

7. Three cradles of human civilization in Asia: the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River; Indus valley area; Mesopotamia Plain (two river basins). Reason: Suitable for temperate (or tropical) climate; Abundant water sources; Fertile land.

8. Ethnic groups in different regions show different cultural and artistic styles and different national customs in terms of architecture, costumes, music and dance, etiquette, etc.

9. The relationship between culture in different regions and local natural conditions:

Seven, our neighboring countries and regions

(1) Japan

1. Composition: Japan Islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) and Ryukyu Islands.

2. Location characteristics: the coastline is tortuous, and there are many excellent seaports, which are located at the junction of the Pacific plate and the Eurasian plate; Pacific rim volcanic belt; Mount Fuji is a volcano.

3. Economic characteristics: importing raw materials and fuels from abroad &; Mdash & mdash processing mdash & mdash exporting manufactured goods

4. Centralized distribution areas of industrial zones: Pacific coast and Seto inland sea coast. Because the port conditions here are superior, the ship can dock, the factory is close to the dock, and the land and water transportation is convenient; Coastal cities with concentrated population and abundant labor resources are also the largest consumption places in China. Coastal plains are concentrated and the price of land reclamation is low.

5. Overseas investment in factories and sales bases

6. Culture:

(1) A single nation &; Mdash& ampmdash Japanese nation

(2) Eastern and Western cultures are compatible, and tradition and modernity coexist.

② Southeast Asia

1. Southeast Asia: zhina Peninsula and Malay Archipelago.

2. Malacca Strait is an important sea passage: it is located between Malay Peninsula and Sumatra Island, and it is the Indian Ocean &; An important channel for mdash & mdash; Pacific, Asia and mdash & mdash; Oceania.

3. Tropical climate and agricultural production:

(1) tropical rain forest climate and tropical monsoon climate

(2) Agricultural production:

Rice (Thailand, Vietnam and Myanmar are important rice exporters in the world)

Rubber (Thailand is the largest rubber producer in the world)

Palm oil (Malaysia is the largest palm oil producer in the world)

Coconut (Malaysia is the world's largest producer and the Philippines is the largest exporter)

Bananas (the Philippines is the largest producer)

4. Mountains and rivers alternate with each other and are distributed in columns: Mekong River is the river that flows through the countries most in Asia; Population cities are concentrated along the Yangtze River and the estuary delta.

5. The most concentrated areas of overseas Chinese:

(1) race: Most of them are yellow.

(2) The areas where overseas Chinese are most concentrated.

(3) Rich tourism resources: pagodas in Bangkok, Borobudur in Indonesia and so on.

(3) India

1. The second most populous country in the world:

(1) The largest country in South Asia.

(2) The topographical features of India: The three landforms are divided into three topographical regions, namely the Himalayas in the northwest, the Ganges Plain in the middle and the Deccan Plateau in the south.

(3) The second most populous country: the population has exceeded 654.38+0 billion.

(4) The ancient civilization of the world: one of the three cradles of Asian civilization.

2. Frequent floods, droughts and southwest winds

3. Main crops: wheat, rice,

4. Major industrial sectors and cities

Traditional industry

Service outsourcing industry: "World Office"; Origin: Bangalore

(4) Russia

1. vast territory

(1) The largest country in the world: over170,000 square kilometers.

(2) Countries across Asia and Europe are bounded by the mainland: the Urals and ural river.

(3) The main topographical areas and rivers in Russia.

(4) Climate: Most of them are located in the north temperate zone, and the temperate continental climate is dominant: the winter is long and cold, and the summer is short and warm.

The temperature gradually decreases from west to east and from south to north. Precipitation decreases from south to north and from east to west, and it is concentrated in summer.

2. Rich in natural resources and developed in industry.

(1) Complete and rich natural resources: Russia is rich in oil, natural gas, iron ore and other resources, which are widely distributed and conducive to the development of heavy industry.

(2) Developed heavy industries: St. Petersburg Industrial Zone, Moscow Industrial Zone, Ural Industrial Zone and Novosibirsk Industrial Zone.

3. Developed transportation

(1) Passenger transportation is mainly by railway and highway; Goods are transported by rail and pipeline, among which pipeline transportation accounts for the largest proportion.

Moscow is the largest city and St. Petersburg is the second largest city.

(3) The port along the Pacific Ocean is Vladivostok, the port along the Baltic Sea is St. Petersburg, and the ice-free port along the Arctic Ocean is Murmansk.

Eight. Other countries and regions in the Eastern Hemisphere

(1) Middle East

1. location and scope: in southwest Asia and northeast Africa, located in & Lsquo Three continents and Five Oceans &; Rsquo land, three continents refer to Asia, Europe and Africa. The Caspian Sea in the Five Seas is a lake, two straits (the Strait of Hormuz and Turkish Straits) and a canal (Suez Canal). The Middle East includes West Asia (except Afghanistan) and Egypt in North Africa.

2. The Middle East is the region with the richest oil resources in the world at present. The oil in the Middle East is mainly distributed along the Persian Gulf and transported to Western Europe, North America and East Asia.

3. The Middle East has a dry climate and few rivers and water resources. The Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East is the largest peninsula in the world, the Nile is the longest river in the world, and the Suez Canal is located in Egypt.

4. The race in the Middle East is mainly white, and the residents are mostly Arabs, and most of them believe in Islam. Mecca is revered as a holy city by Islam, and Jerusalem is revered as a holy city by Islam, _ _ and Judaism.

(2) Western Europe

1. Location:

(1) Linhai: There are Arctic Ocean in the north, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea in the south, Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay and North Sea in the west.

(2) Straits: English Channel, Gibraltar Strait and Turkey Strait.

(3) Peninsula: Scandinavia, Iberia, Apennine and Balkan Peninsula.

(4) Islands: Great Britain, Ireland and Iceland.

2. Topography: northern mountainous area (Scandinavian mountainous area), central plain (Western Europe plain and Bode plain), southern mountainous area (Alps), rivers: Rhine River and Danube River.

3. Climate: It is dominated by temperate maritime climate, with temperate continental climate in the middle and Mediterranean climate in the south.

Western Europe is densely populated and has many countries, most of which are developed countries. Its economy is diversified, mainly in manufacturing, traditional animal husbandry and prosperous tourism.

The European Union is a regional international organization with close political and economic ties. At present, * * * has 25 member countries, using the unified currency euro.

6. British capital London, French capital Paris, Italian capital Rome, German capital Berlin.

7. Most of Western Europe is located in the north temperate zone, and the temperate maritime climate is widely distributed, which is suitable for the growth of juicy grasses. The terrain is mainly plain and the animal husbandry is developed.

8. There are many tourist destinations in Western Europe, such as London Bridge in Britain, windmills in Holland, Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, bullfighting in Spain, and fjord scenery in Norway.

(iii) Sub-Saharan Africa

1. Sub-Saharan Africa is the largest desert in the world, mostly located in the tropics, and more than 90% are black, so it is called "black Africa". Residents are concentrated in the Gulf of Guinea and the Congo Basin.

2. Due to the long-term occupation and plunder by colonialism, most countries in this region have formed a "single commodity economy", exporting cheap primary products and importing expensive industrial products, which is at a disadvantage in international trade.

Of all continents, Africa has the highest natural growth rate and a large population. In addition, the climate is always hot, the precipitation is dry and wet, agricultural production is backward, and residents often go hungry.

4. Africa's climate is mainly tropical rain forest climate, tropical grassland climate and tropical desert climate, and its distribution characteristics are: centered on the equator, symmetrically distributed in the north and south.

5. The largest basin in the world. & ampmdash Congo Basin, the largest rift valley in the world &; Mdash& ampmdash The Great Rift Valley in East Africa.

(4) Australia

1. There are kangaroos and emus on the national emblem of Australia, and koalas and platypus are their unique animals.

Australia is the country that exports the most sheep and wool in the world, and is called "riding on the back of sheep". Export products include wool, wheat and so on.

3. Australia is rich in mineral resources, which is called "riding a mine car", especially exporting coal and iron. At present, the service industry has become a pillar industry in Australia.

The population and cities of Australia are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas, with Canberra as the capital, Sydney as the largest industrial center and port city, and Melbourne as the second largest city.

Nine. Countries in the western hemisphere

(1) USA

1. Location: Central North America, Western Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere. Canada borders Mexico to the north. It is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the west, the Atlantic Ocean in the east and the Gulf of Mexico in the south, with convenient maritime transportation.

2. Territorial composition: The territory occupies the fourth place in the world, second only to Russian, Canadian and China. There are 48 states in China and 2 states overseas:

3. Population and capital: 3 1 10,000 people (20 13), mainly white, belonging to an immigrant country. The capital, Washington, is located in the eastern part of the United States, on the Atlantic coast.

4. Terrain: Plain is the main component &; Mdash& ampmdash Three North-South Vertical Zones;

Terrain: the east and west sides are high and the middle is low.

A. west: the high Cordillera mountain system.

B. Central China: a vast plain, accounting for more than half of the country's total area.

C. the east: the low Appalachian mountains.

5. Rivers and lakes:

A. Mississippi River-the longest river in North America.

B. Great Lakes: Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Except Lake Michigan, the other four are owned by the United States and Canada respectively.

6. Climate: The temperate continental climate is dominant.

7. Specialization in agriculture:

A. main agricultural products: wheat, soybeans and corn.

B. Major agricultural areas: dairy belt (northeast of the country), corn belt (central of the country), cotton belt (lower Mississippi River), wheat area (central of the country, north and south sides of the corn belt), animal husbandry and irrigated agricultural area (west of the country) and subtropical crop belt (Gulf Coast).

8. Industry:

A. characteristics: complete industrial system and complete departments. It is the most developed industrial country in the world. Chemical industry, electronics, automobiles and airplanes all rank among the top in the world.

B.20 Since 1990s, high-tech industries represented by information technology and biotechnology have developed vigorously. The most famous is the "Silicon Valley" in the southeast of San Francisco, which is the largest high-tech industrial center in the United States and even in the world.

C. Major industrial zones: the rapidly developing western industrial zone; Southern industrial zone, developed late; Northeast industrial zone, a traditional industrial zone in the United States. However, the United States consumes a lot and imports the most cars, steel, oil and textiles in the world.

9. Cities:

New york: Atlantic coast, the largest city and the largest seaport in the United States.

Chicago: the industrial center of Central America

San Francisco: Silicon Valley, a famous center of electronic industry.

Los Angeles: Hollywood, a famous film and television center.

Houston: the center of aerospace and petroleum industry along the Gulf of Mexico.

10. Resource consuming countries

① The largest resource consumer and waste discharger in the world;

(2) can analyze the per capita energy consumption statistics.

1 1. The impact of the United States on world resources and environment

(1) Bulk imports: coal, iron ore, oil and timber.

(2) A large number of emissions: waste gas, waste water and waste.

(ii) Brazil

1. location: western hemisphere and southern hemisphere; East of South America, east of the Atlantic Ocean. The largest country in South America,

2. Capital: Brasilia. The population accounts for half of the total population in South America and is the most populous country in South America.

3. Topography: Plains and plateaus dominate, while Amazon Plains and Brazil Plateau dominate.

4. Climate: It is dominated by tropical rain forest climate and savanna climate. The climate is hot and humid.

5. Rivers:&; Mdash& ampmdash Amazon River is the longest river in the world and the second longest river in the world.

6. The ethnic composition is complex: there are indigenous Indians, whites, blacks and yellow people. Ethnic groups intermarry with each other and form different hybrids, which is a society with many hybrids.

7. Language: The folk entertainment of the Brazilian people is samba, and there is a carnival every year. Language mdash& ampmdash Portuguese.

Agriculture is an important basic sector of Brazil's national economy. There are many kinds of tropical cash crops, and the output of coffee, sugarcane and citrus ranks first in the world. Coffee beans, sucrose, citrus juice and soybeans are important export products. Brazil is called the "coffee kingdom", as long as the coffee gardens are distributed in the southeast.

9. Industry: mainly distributed in the southeast, because the southeast is the main distribution area of iron minerals. Convenient transportation. In modern industry, steel, shipbuilding, automobile and aircraft manufacturing have leapt to the ranks of important producers in the world. Gradually form a relatively complete industrial system from a single agricultural product exporting country.

10. Population and cities: mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas, with few people and cities in the Amazon Plain. Sao Paulo is the largest winter night center and city, and it is also a megacity in the world.

1 1. The crisis of tropical rain forest: the existing problems are as follows

(1) In order to build large trunk roads, multinational companies cut down a lot.

② Develop mining industry and open up large farms.

(3) The primitive immigrant agriculture of poor farmers who cultivated land. Rainforest area is greatly reduced, soil erosion is serious, precious wild animals are plundered, and the global ecological environment is seriously threatened. Therefore, the whole world hopes that Brazil will focus on protecting this primitive tropical rain forest.

X. polar regions

(a) Antarctic region-mainly land.

1. Location: The Antarctic continent south of the Antarctic Circle and the surrounding oceans constitute the Antarctic continent.

2. Terrain: Plateau is the main terrain.

3. Features: Climate features &; Mdash& ampmdash Split wind, dry and cold. Known as the "ice and snow plateau"; Precious freshwater reservoir for human beings;

Antarctic continent is the coldest continent in the world, with the most frequent snowstorms and the strongest winds. The difference between winter and summer; The "white desert" on the earth.

4. Poles: The poles are south and north along the rest of the meridian, and the earth rotates clockwise.

5. Representative animal: penguin

6. Investigation: China has successively established Great Wall Station, Zhongshan Station, Kunlun Station and taishan station.

(b) Arctic region-dominated by oceans.

1. Location: the area north of the Arctic Circle, including most of the Arctic Ocean, as well as the northernmost continent and many coastal islands in Asia, Europe and North America.

2. Features: Greenland is the largest island on earth; Bering strait

3. Pole: the pole is north, common along other meridians, and the earth rotates counterclockwise.

4. Representative animal: polar bear

5. Investigation: Huanghe Station was established.

Related articles on the induction of geographical knowledge points in the second volume of the seventh grade:

1. Summary of geographical knowledge points in the second volume of the seventh grade of People's Education Edition

2. The main points of the seventh grade geography volume II are sorted out

3. The first geography book 2 summary of knowledge points 20 17

4. Summary of knowledge points in the seventh grade geography volume II

5. Encyclopedia of seventh grade geography knowledge