What are the unified measures of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty?

1. Measures for the unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

1. Politically, implement the decree of granting favors, cut the title of vassal and establish the system of secretariat;

2. Ideologically, one hundred schools of thought were ousted and Confucianism was the only one;

3. Economically, salt and iron are monopolized, and the right to coin is unified in the central government.

4. Militarily: Conquer the Huns and solve hidden dangers in the border areas.

second, the reasons for the implementation of the decree.

reasons for implementation. Two forces lead to social disorder, one is the feudal lords, and the other is the local landlords' powerful forces.

therefore, I accepted Zhu Fuyan's suggestion and carried out the decree of promotion.

third, the reasons for deposing a hundred schools of thought and worshiping Confucianism alone.

The reasons for its implementation are: firstly, the rulers pursue inaction; secondly, hundred schools of thought's theory influences the central government. Accept Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, regard Confucianism as orthodox thought, and make the Confucian idea of loyalty to the monarch and propriety be called the spiritual pillar of the unified regime.

The Imperial College was set up in Chang 'an, with Confucian Poems, Books, Rites, Changes and Chunqiu as teaching materials. The purpose is to cultivate Confucian talents needed by the ruling class. The influence is that since then, Confucianism has been called the orthodox thought of feudal society.

fourth, salt and iron monopoly.

The reason for the implementation is that the private coinage right has not been completely banned, and the rich businessmen control the important economic lifeline of the country.

the right to coin was returned to the central government, and five baht was minted uniformly; Implement salt and iron official operation and monopoly; Uniformly allocate materials throughout the country to stabilize prices.

The monopoly of salt and iron has greatly improved the financial situation of the country and laid an economic foundation for the implementation of many policies of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. China's feudal society reached its first peak.

5. attack the Huns militarily and stabilize the frontier.

After Emperor Wu ascended the throne, he was determined to solve the problem of Xiongnu's foreign invasion. From the sixth year of Yuanguang (the first 129 years), he began to fight against Xiongnu. After the Northern Expedition by Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, the Huns were defeated three times, and the Huns could no longer resist the Western Han Dynasty. Some Huns began to move south, and the threat on the northwest border of the Western Han Dynasty was temporarily lifted, which also laid the foundation for border peace and ethnic exchanges.

Extended information:

In addition to the measures mentioned in the above textbooks, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also made many powerful measures for the Western Han Dynasty.

first, politically.

1. Improve the supervision system

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up 13 prefectural secretariat in local areas. That is, improve the supervision system, strengthen local control and crack down on local strongmen. The seven counties in Jingshi have set up a captain to supervise the division.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the whole country into 13 monitoring areas, namely, 13 states of Hebei, Yan, Yu, Qing, Xu, You, He, Liang, Jing, Yang, Yi, Shuofang and Jiaotoe (7 counties near Gyeonggi are the captain department of Sili as a separate monitoring area).

Each state sends a secretariat to patrol its headquarters in August every year, to supervise local officials and Qiang Zonghao, and report to the Imperial Capital at the end of the year. At this time, the secretariat was a supervisor, with a rank of 6 stones, which was lower than that of the county magistrate.

2. Establishing the system of inspection and adjudication

The system of inspection and adjudication was the origin of the systematic talent selection system in ancient China, which had a great influence on later generations. Mainly used to select officials. Its establishment began in the first year of Emperor Yuan Guang of the Han Dynasty (134 BC).

The imperial examination system is different from the hereditary system in the pre-Qin period and the imperial examination system established in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Its main feature is that local governors inspect and select talents at any time within their jurisdiction and recommend them to superiors or the central government, and then appoint official positions after probation and examination.

Since then, the procuratorial system has become the system of hiring officials in the Han Dynasty. Some scholars have pointed out that the first year of Yuanguang, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "first ordered the county and the country to raise one filial piety", was "the most memorable year in the academic history of China and the political history of China."

Expropriation system was a top-down system of selecting officials, which was implemented by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It was to recruit prominent people to be officials, mainly including emperor recruitment and the removal of prefectures and counties. The emperor recruitment was called "levy" and the official recruitment was called "monarch". Used as a supplement to the inspection system.

3. year of establishment.

In the history of China, the year number was invented and first used by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The first year number was Jianyuan (14-135 BC). The previous emperors had only a few years, but no year number.

according to the textual research of Zhao Yi's Notes on the Twenty-two Histories in the Qing Dynasty, the year number was first created in the 19th year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the year number was "Yuanshou", and the year numbers before Yuanshou were ratified.

Later, people called the beginning year of this recorded year "era", and changing the year number was called "changing yuan". Since then, every time the new emperor ascended the throne, he often changed his position. Generally, the yuan change is counted from the second year of the next imperial edict, and some are counted from the middle of this year.

second, militarily.

1. Open up the territory

In addition to the northern expedition to the Xiongnu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also pacified the four directions by force and greatly expanded its territory. In the southwest, the Han Dynasty wiped out Yelang and Nanyue, and established seven counties successively, so that today's Guangdong and Guangxi regions have re-summarized the territory of China since the Qin Dynasty. In history, Hainan Island was truly incorporated into the territory of China for the first time.

in the east, he sent troops to destroy weishi Korea from 19 BC to 18 BC, and divided the territory of weishi Korea into four counties-Lelang County, Zhenfan County, Lintun County and Xuantu County.

2. Diplomacy

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, and Zhang Qian's two missions opened the way for cultural communication between the Central Plains and the Western Regions. The Silk Road has greatly promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West.

third, culturally.

create a business school

1. create a business school.

in the fifth year of yuanshuo, emperor wudi of the Han dynasty, Tai Xue was founded on the advice of Dong Zhongshu, a Confucian scholar at that time. Dong Zhongshu pointed out that Imperial College can be regarded as "the origin of education", that is, as a cultural base to educate the world. He suggested, "I hope your majesty will promote the imperial college and set up a teacher to raise the world's talents", so that the country can get future talents.

The establishment of Imperial College has encouraged the people to learn actively, which has become an important driving force for the spread of culture. At the same time, it has changed the situation of monopoly of official positions by big bureaucrats and the sons and daughters of the richest people, which has increased the opportunities for ordinary children to become officials, and some talents from the lower classes have the opportunity to be officials in the court.

2. Establish Yuefu.

Yuefu refers to an official government that manages music. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established a Yuefu official office in addition to the Taiyue official office, which was in charge of popular music and collected folk songs.

"Reading poems at night is entrusted by Zhao, Dai, Qin and Chu", "Taking Li Yannian as the assistant commander, citing dozens of artificial poems such as Sima Xiangru, etc., and making a song of 19 chapters in tune with eight tones". Poems sung by later generations to the music of Yuefu organs are also called Yuefu.

3. Promulgate the taichu calendar.

taichu calendar is a calendar once used in the history of China, and it is also the first complete and unified calendar with clear written records in the history of China. It is of epoch-making significance in the history of astronomical development. In the first year of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty (the first 14 years), it was formulated by Deng Ping, Tang Dou, Luo Xiahong and Sima Qian on the basis of astronomical observations and long-term astronomical records.

The formulation of taichu calendar is an important calendar reform in the history of China. The scientific achievement of taichu calendar lies in the precision and accuracy of calendar calculation.

fourth, economically.

1. Reforming the currency system

Since the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, the currency system has been chaotic, and the county coins were out of control, which was one of the reasons for the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion in the period of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, due to the constant foreign conquest, the central government changed from the previous abundant capital of the capital to the difficulty of making ends meet.

the central government not only increased its fiscal revenue rapidly by rewarding martial arts lords, but also cracked down on big businessmen, which was the original intention of the currency system reform of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, in order to meet the needs of the central government in economic management and political rule, he attached great importance to solving the currency system problem, and carried out six currency system reforms successively, which basically solved the currency system problem that had not been solved since the early Han Dynasty.

On the one hand, it has stabilized finance; on the other hand, it has reunified local coinage rights with the central government. After six reforms, the issue of "three officials and five baht" solved the problem of private casting and stolen casting that troubled the finance of the Western Han Dynasty for many years in one fell swoop, and the monetary reform of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty achieved great success.

2. Attach importance to agriculture

On the economic front, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took a series of measures to promote agriculture. He has built many water conservancy projects all over the country, such as Longshou Canal and Liufu Canal, so as to irrigate farmland. Coupled with the promotion of new farming techniques, agricultural production has been further developed.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty

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What measures did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty take to consolidate the unified dynasty

(1) Politics: ① Take the advice of Zhu Fuyan, issue a "decree of pushing favors", weaken the power of the vassal states that were enfeoffed in the early Han Dynasty, and strengthen the supervision system. (2) the creation of ancient times, including major reforms and creations such as the right to receive photographs, the establishment of secretariat, and the establishment of a system and complete political system. This legal tradition became the basic paradigm of the Chinese imperial system in the next two thousand years. ? (2) Military affairs: ① Mainly concentrating military power, enriching the central military power; Reform the military system. (2) Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to attack the Huns, which made the northern border county stable. (3) sent Zhang Qian to the western regions, including the northwest frontier. (3) Economy: ① Take agriculture over business, rectify finance, issue "reckoning" and "admonishing" orders, levy a tax on businessmen's assets, and vigorously crack down on profiteers; (2) Take Sang Hongyang's suggestion, return iron smelting and salt cooking to the official camp, prohibit the county from casting money, and uniformly cast five baht; (3) The establishment of leveling officers and average loss officers, with the government managing transportation and trade, greatly enhanced the country's economic strength. (4) building water conservancy projects, resettling in northwest China and implementing the "land substitution method" are beneficial to the development of agricultural production. ⑤ In addition, there is an important economic measure, which is to unify the currencies at that time. (4) Thought: Adopt Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, oust a hundred schools and respect Confucianism alone, so that Confucianism has become the ruling ideology of China society, vigorously promote Confucianism, and set up Imperial College in Chang 'an. Confucianism became the orthodox thought of China's feudal rule, which lasted for more than two thousand years, and had a far-reaching impact on the politics, society and culture of China in later generations. (5) Personnel: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also attached great importance to the development of talents. He established the system of inspection and evaluation, which was the origin of China's systematic talent selection system and had a great influence on later generations.

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What measures did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty take to consolidate the great unity?

1. Politics: (1) Adopted by Zhu Fuyan. (2) Change the ancient times and create, including major reforms and creations such as the right to receive photographs, setting up a secretariat, and establishing a system of political integrity. This legal tradition became the basic paradigm of the Chinese imperial system in the next two thousand years. 2. Military: (1) It mainly concentrates the military power and enriches the central military power; Reform the military system. (2) Send Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to attack the Huns, so that the northern border counties can be settled. (3) Zhang Qian was sent to the Western Regions to cover the northwest frontier. 3. Economy: (1) Pay more attention to agriculture than commerce, rectify the finances, issue "reckoning" and "warning" orders, levy a tax on businessmen's assets, and vigorously crack down on profiteers. (2) Take Sang Hongyang's suggestion, return iron smelting and salt cooking to the official camp, prohibit the county from casting money, and uniformly cast five baht. (3) The establishment of leveling officers and losing officers, with the government managing transportation and trade, greatly enhanced the country's economic strength. (4) Building water conservancy projects, resettling in the northwest and implementing the "land substitution method" are beneficial to the development of agricultural production. (5) In addition, there is an important economic measure, which is to unify the currencies at that time. 4. Thought adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, deposed a hundred schools of thought, and respected Confucianism alone, which made Confucianism become the ruling thought of China society, vigorously promoted Confucianism, and set up Imperial College in Chang 'an. Confucianism became the orthodox thought of China's feudal rule, which lasted for more than two thousand years, and had a far-reaching impact on the politics, society and culture of China in later generations. 5. Personnel Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also attached great importance to the development of talents. He established the inspection system, which was the origin of China's systematic talent selection system and had a great influence on later generations.

Extended information: The background of the unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: At the beginning of his reign, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty continued the policy of keeping in good health and relieving the people that his father had carried out before his death, further weakening the power of the vassals, issuing the decree of patronage put forward by the minister Zhu Fuyan, and promoting the vassals to enfeoffment their sons with the legal system, so that the vassal fiefs had to be reduced by themselves. At the same time, he set up a secretariat to supervise the local government. Strengthen centralization, organize private businesses such as smelting iron, cooking salt and making wine into central management, and prohibit vassal States from casting money, so that financial power is concentrated in the central government. Ideologically, adopting Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" paved the way for the special position of Confucianism in ancient China. Of course, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was no lack of rule of law in the Han Dynasty. While promoting Confucianism, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also adopted laws and regulations and criminal law to consolidate the authority of the government and show the status of imperial power. Therefore, sinologists believe that this should be a system with Confucianism as the main part and law as the supplement, with Confucianism outside the law. After a series of policies to develop economy and people's livelihood, such as preaching Confucianism and Taoism to the general public to show the government's softness, and imposing harsh criminal laws on the government to restrain the ministers' recuperation through the rule of culture and scenery, the national strength of the Western Han Dynasty has been booming. While inheriting these policies, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty actively prepared for the development of military forces. After he ascended the throne, he first put down the turmoil in the southern Fujian and Vietnam countries. After that, he began to use military means instead of humiliating pro-policy to completely solve the threat of Xiongnu in the north. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to attack the Huns on a large scale three times, taking over the Hetao area, seizing the Hexi Corridor, opening up the western regions, and sealing the wolf in Xuxu, pushing the northern territory of the Han Dynasty from the Great Wall to Yinshan or even further. At the same time of the war against Xiongnu, peaceful and military means were adopted to make the western countries submit. After losing the fertile and lush desert south area, the Xiongnu Wang Ting moved to Mobei and never recovered. This basically solved the threat of Xiongnu to the Central Plains since the early Western Han Dynasty, and laid the foundation for later incorporating the Western Regions into Chinese territory. Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions and the Silk Road began. The Spring Festival began in the early days when the calendar was changed, and the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty corrected it. Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Che

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Lesson 12 History of the First Day of Junior High School Who was the proponent of the consolidation of the unified dynasty by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty? Liu Che (July 14, 156 BC-March 29, 87 BC), the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, was an outstanding politician, strategist and poet. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne at the age of sixteen. In order to consolidate the imperial power, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up China and North Korea, set up secretariat in local areas, and created a procuratorial system to select talents. Adopt the advice of Zhu Fuyan, issue a decree of promotion, solve the power of the kingdom, and return the salt, iron and coins to the central government. Culturally, Dong Zhongshu's suggestion was adopted to "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone", ending the situation of "learning from different ways, discussing different people, and adopting different methods" since the pre-Qin period. During the reign of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, the national prestige spread far and wide, and Korea was annexed to the east, Baiyue was swallowed to the south, Dawan was conquered to the west, and Xiongnu was broken to the north, which laid the basic scope of the Han Dynasty and created a prosperous situation of Hanwu. In addition, measures such as opening up the Silk Road, establishing the title, promulgating the taichu calendar and promoting Imperial College also had far-reaching influence. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made great achievements in various fields, but in his later reign, he was militaristic, which caused the disaster of witchcraft, leaving a negative evaluation. In the fourth year of Zhenghe (89 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty condemned himself. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (87 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty collapsed in Wuzuo Palace at the age of 7. He was Emperor Xiaowu of posthumous title, with the temple number Sejong.