The Historical Evolution of Yiddish

Ashkenazi Jews refer to the descendants of Jews who originated in the Rhineland region of Germany from 476 to 65438 +0453. Many of them migrated to Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine during the 10 century to 19 century. From the Middle Ages to the middle of the 20th century, they generally adopted Yiddish or Slavic as idioms. Its culture and religious customs are also influenced by other ethnic groups around it.

Yiddish is deeply influenced by Hebrew and Aramaic, but not by Greek and Latin. Recent human genetic research has also confirmed that a large part of the ancestors of the Askinnazi people came from the Middle East.

In 1 1 century, Ashkenazi Jews only accounted for 3% of the world's Jews, but by 193 1 they reached an all-time high: 92%, and now they account for 80% of the world's Jews. Most Jewish groups with a long history in Europe belong to Naz and Askin, except those in the Mediterranean. In the 20th-2nd/Kloc-0th century, a considerable number of Jews immigrated from Europe, especially to the United States, came from German Jews in Eastern Europe.

From Ashkenazi Jews to Ancient Yiddish

Germany, where Ashkenazi Jews live, is the territory of the Roman Empire. In the 10 century, a unique Jewish culture called German Jewish culture or Germanic Jewish culture developed in Central Europe. (Germans used Ashkenaz to address Jews in the Middle Ages. ) In the Middle Ages, the Jewish cultural areas did not overlap with the ruling areas of some Christian principalities, so Naz, Askin also included the northern part of France, bordering the Saifadi area: then Saifadi Jews or Spanish Jews also lived in the southern part of France. Since then, the territory of Ashkenazi Jews has further expanded to Eastern Europe.

In the late Middle Ages, the daily language of European Jews was the same as that of Christian groups. In most Ashkenazi Jewish areas, local German was also used.

20th century

On the eve of World War II, 654.38+million people spoke Yiddish.

Soviet period

In the Soviet Union in the1920s, Yiddish was regarded as the language of the Jewish proletariat and was encouraged to be used. At the same time, Hebrew is regarded as a bourgeois language. Since the1930s, the growing anti-Semitism tendency and the Soviet policy of persecuting Jews forced Yiddish to withdraw from literature, education and other fields. Only a few Yiddish publications survived (including the literary publication Sovetish Heymland (1961-kloc-0/991) and the newspaper Birobidzhaner Shtern).

Israel

In Israel, Yiddish has been replaced by modern Hebrew.

Many old immigrants (usually over 50 years old) who came to Israel from the former Soviet Union can speak or understand Yiddish to some extent.

Ultra-orthodox Judaism (; Halliday; Charlemagne Judaism; Ultra-orthodox Judaism) conducts educational activities in Yiddish. Thousands of children have learned or are learning to translate the Bible Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy into Yiddish.