Historical records of Hakkas

Huang Zunxian, a native of Jiaying House (now Meizhou) in the late Qing Dynasty, said in Preface to Shuimei Poetry: "In Jiaying House, nine out of ten people are Hakkas. This guest is from Heluo, from Fujian to Guangdong, which has been passed down from generation to generation for 30 years and lasted for 700 years. " According to Huang Zunxian's records, Jiaying House was founded in 1773 (the 11th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty). Since Jiaying Prefecture, Hakka people have settled in Jiaying for more than 700 years, which lasted for 30 generations. The Central Plains people moved south to Jiaying around AD 1000 (Northern Song Dynasty). However, many residents in the Pearl River Delta who were classified as Guangfu dialect had not handed down 30 generations of grandchildren by the beginning of 2 1 century, which shows that Hakka people settled in Lingnan not later than Guangfu dialect. There is an obvious fact that all Hakkas can't come from Heluo area. Huang Zunxian's so-called "from Heluo, from Fujian to Guangdong" must only be an overview of some of them, but it can't represent all Hakkas. Huang Zunxian's description of the residents' origin in Shui Mei's Anthology may be based on his own family migration history.

In addition, it is also mentioned in Huang Zunxian's "Yi Hai Za Shi": "The road is thousands of miles south. Dialect fully proves the original rhyme, and the customs and habits still retain the appearance of three generations ago. " This proves once again that Hakkas are rooted in Heluo, Central Plains, and many of them have settled in Lingnan for over 1000 years. Wanfu temple, dapu county was founded in 834 (the eighth year of Taihe, Tang Wenzong), and by 20 14, it had exceeded 1 180. According to the Records of Ning County of Zheng Dexing in Ming Dynasty, Dr. Song, Mr. Hanlin and flower explorer Jiao studied in Guirenfeng Temple in the south foot of the mountain when they were young. I often read books by the swimming pool. In the west dammed lake, the lake is black. After Jiao discovered flowers in the senior high school entrance examination, the villagers expanded the small temple and named it Temple. Jiao was born in Xingning in the early Northern Song Dynasty. It is absolutely impossible for Luo to move south from the Central Plains in the Northern Song Dynasty. He settled here before the Tang Dynasty.

There are many theories about the origin of Hakka, mainly including the theory of Hakka Central Plains and the theory of Hakka ancestors. The theory of Hakka Central Plains holds that the main body of Hakka people is immigrants from the Central Plains, while the theory of Hakka aborigines holds that "Hakka * * * is a mixture of Han people who moved south and ancient Vietnamese immigrants in the triangle area of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, and its main body is the ancient Vietnamese living in this land, not just the Central Plains people who moved south and lived in this area". According to the research of anthropology and immigration history in recent years, it can be generally considered that the former statement is more in line with the historical truth. From the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, the Han nationality in the Central Plains was invaded by the northern minorities for many times, and moved to the northeast of Guangdong through southern Jiangxi and western Fujian, and finally formed a relatively mature and stable Hakka family.