Guide words for the Three Gorges Dam ""

Introduction to "Selection" of Three Gorges Dam

The Three Gorges Dam is located in Xilingxia reach of the Yangtze River in Yichang City, Hubei Province, China, and forms a cascade hydropower station with Gezhouba Hydropower Station downstream. Let's take a look at:

Chapter 1: The Three Gorges Dam Tour Guide Dear travelers and friends:

Hello everyone! I'm glad to meet you in this fate sky and serve you. First of all, I will make a simple self-introduction. My surname is Lu. You can call me Xiao Lu. In the next visit, if you have any questions, please feel free to ask me, and I will be happy to help you. I wish our trip to the dam will always be accompanied by happiness and happiness.

Dreaming for nearly a hundred years and arguing for half a century, the Three Gorges Project is doomed. But in any case, a large-scale and magnificent building in the world was miraculously born on this land under our feet. Now, please join me in visiting this legendary witness-the Three Gorges Dam.

Today we are going to visit three scenic spots: Tanziling, 185 observation deck and Interception Memorial Park. What we are seeing now is a miniature model of the Three Gorges Project of 1: 1250, which reflects the landscape of the dam area after the Three Gorges Project was fully completed in XX. Confirm our current position first! Tanziling, of course. The origin of its name is because its mountain shape is similar to Sichuan pickle jar, which is placed upside down on the top of the mountain. The altitude is 262.48 meters. As long as you climb the observation deck at the top of Tanziling Mountain, you can overlook the overall construction of the Three Gorges dam area and enjoy the beautiful scenery of Huangniuyan in Xiling Gorge and the prospect of Zigui New County. The blue water flow on the model represents the Yangtze River. How to distinguish the left bank and the right bank of the Yangtze River? Stand by and watch the water, your right hand direction is the right bank, which is commonly called Jiangnan. Relatively speaking, you just came to the left bank of the Yangtze River, that is, Jiangbei, and behind you is the direction of Yichang in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Now you can walk out of the model room and look at the huge gobbledygook here-Silver gobbledygook. I can tell you without exaggeration that it is the biggest book in China at present. As you can see, this book has been opened, which records the introduction of the Three Gorges Project. Now you can climb the Tanziling and feel the whole dam for yourself.

Dear friends, welcome to take our sightseeing bus again to the next scenic spot 185 observation deck, which is named 185 observation deck because of its altitude as high as 185 meters. It is as high as the top of the dam. Seen from the left, this is the front of the completed river dam. The nearest place is the construction site of the vertical ship lift. You can see the Three Gorges Reservoir on your right, which has been filled to 165 meters. The normal water level of the dam reaches175m, which is the height of10m under our feet. Now we can get off the bus and get a close look at the back of the dam and the magnificent scenery of the high gorge outside Heping Lake. Here you can overlook the flood discharge site at close range, and the thunderous torrent is trampled underfoot. River dam, double-track five-level ship lock, vertical ship lift, left and right bank power plants and right bank power plants have all created the brilliant pearl of the Three Gorges. Therefore, standing in one of the most comprehensive projects in the world, my pride and joy can't be expressed!

Dear friends, we will reach the last scenic spot, the interception memorial park. If you are in Tanziling, it is amazing to see the Three Gorges Dam and sluice from the observation deck of 185, singing "No Return to the River"; Then go to the Three Gorges Interception Memorial Park, which is lyrical and full of historical testimony. Now, please come with me to relive this great history.

Interception Memorial Park is a comprehensive park with the theme of showing the spectacular scenery of Interception Memorial Park. On 1995, it was completed and opened to traffic in the Three Gorges dam area. It is the first water conservancy project theme park in China, which takes the closure of the Three Gorges Project as the theme and integrates the functions of sightseeing, popular science, performance and leisure. The scenic spot you see covers an area of 930,000 square meters with an investment of more than 30 million yuan. The scenic spot is divided into four areas: entrance area, variety viewing area, site exhibition area and recreation rest area, and consists of more than a dozen landscapes such as cutoff wall, performance square, hydrophilic platform, phantom imaging, large-scale mechanical exhibition field, climbing tetrahedron and flat throwing boat. River closure is the most exciting scene in hydropower project construction. 1XX, 997 The closure of diversion channel was a landmark event in the construction history of the Three Gorges Project. The comprehensive technical difficulty of the two river closures is rare in the world, but both have achieved a series of technological innovations, making China's river closure technology leap to the world leading level. The memorial park of river closure closely follows the theme of Yangtze River closure, reappearing this amazing feat of transforming nature. The Three Gorges River Closure Garden embodies the theme spirit of river closure culture, that is, man can conquer nature and man and nature are one. In the landscape design of the whole park, the theme of river closure shows the distinctive image characteristics of the Yangtze River, dams and projects, and creates a unique landscape effect of water conservancy projects. As far as possible, the first-class engineering piles and objects on the original site are preserved. As you can see, the partition wall used to support sand and gravel stacking, more than 100 tetrahedrons left by river closure, 77-ton loading and unloading vehicles, flat throwing boats and other large construction machinery. Now, the four characters of "river closure reappearance" written in gold font are our river closure reappearance projection hall, which uses modern high-tech phantom imaging technology to intuitively and vividly reproduce the river closure of the Three Gorges. Do you think these are like being in a hot construction site? The completion and opening of the Three Gorges River Closure Memorial Park seems to embody the cultural connotation of the Three Gorges Project and add a beautiful scenery to the trip to the Three Gorges. As you can see, it not only makes our eyes enjoy it, but also gives us a certain understanding of the history of the dam.

Tourists and friends, after reading these historical witnesses of river closure reappearance, you should have a lot of feelings in your heart! Then let's end today's tour quietly with such feelings and feelings! Although it is a lot of sadness to say goodbye to everyone after this short acquaintance, there is no such thing as an end. I look forward to seeing you again. Thank you for your cooperation and cooperation during the trip. If there is anything wrong in this process, I hope you can give me valuable advice and let me learn to grow from you. Finally, send my most sincere blessing: I hope everyone will give strength every day in the future!

Chapter 2: The Guide Words of Three Gorges Dam Dear friends:

Hello everyone! Welcome to visit the Three Gorges Dam! I will give you a more comprehensive understanding of the project through the following introduction.

What we are seeing now is a 1: 1250 miniature model of the Three Gorges Project, which reflects the landscape of the dam area after the Three Gorges Project was fully completed in 2009. Confirm our current position first! Just now, you passed the special highway for the Three Gorges Project and Jiangxia Avenue, the main road in the dam area enjoying the reputation of "Highway Museum", passed the permanent ship lock, climbed the Panshan Mountain, and reached the commanding heights of Tanziling within the land acquisition range of the Three Gorges Dam area 15.28 square kilometers. Tanziling is named after its mountain shape resembles a pickle jar made by Sichuanese and placed upside down on the top of the mountain. The altitude is 262.48 meters. As long as you climb the observation deck at the top of Tanziling Mountain, you can overlook the overall construction of the Three Gorges dam area and enjoy the beautiful scenery of Huangniuyan in Xilingxia and the prospect of Zigui New County. Therefore, Tanziling is a permanent viewing platform, and you are always welcome to come.

The blue water flow on the model represents the Yangtze River. How to distinguish the left bank and the right bank of the Yangtze River? Stand by and watch the water, your right hand direction is the right bank, which is commonly called Jiangnan. Relatively speaking, you just came to the left bank of the Yangtze River, that is, Jiangbei, and behind you is the direction of Yichang in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

The main building of the majestic Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River consists of a dam across the Yangtze River, a middle flood discharge dam section, power stations on the left and right banks and navigation structure. Its construction bank is: first-level development, one-time completion, phased storage and continuous migration.

The river dam starts from the left bank/platform KLOC-0/85 and extends to Baiyanjian on the south bank of the Yangtze River. The total length of the axis is about 2309 meters, which belongs to a concrete gravity dam (different from another dam-arch dam, which relies on its own weight to resist the water pressure and other loads in the reservoir area). After the completion of the dam, a highway connecting Jiangnan and Jiangbei will be formed at the top of the dam, with a width of15m and a width of124m at the bottom of the dam. If you look at the dam section from the side, it is a right-angled trapezoid, the dam elevation is the same as the platform 185, and the elevation is 185 meters. In this way, the Wanli Yangtze River will be cut off in the middle of Xiling Gorge, and the Three Gorges Dam will form a natural river-type reservoir with a storage capacity of 39.3 billion cubic meters. The normal water level of the reservoir is175m above sea level. Before the flood comes, the water level will drop to 145 meters above sea level, so that the storage capacity of the flood control reservoir will reach 221500,000 cubic meters.

The middle overflow dam is 483m long, with 22 overflow surface holes (8m wide, crest elevation 156m) and 23 overflow deep holes (bottom elevation 7m× 9m, 90m), which are mainly used for sand washing. ) mainly responsible for flood discharge and sediment discharge. The designed maximum discharge of flood discharge is 1 16000 m3/s, which is equivalent to the once-in-a-thousand-year flood discharge, because the maximum flood of the Yangtze River occurred at 1870, and the maximum discharge at that time was108000m3/s. The wooden pillars of Huangling Temple left traces of water at that time, which was the Three Gorges. I believe that the flood of 1998 left a deep impression on everyone. Jingjiang levee was in an emergency, Pazhou Bay burst and Jiujiang New District was flooded, resulting in direct economic losses as high as160 billion. The maximum flow of this flood is 68000 cubic meters per second. Therefore, after the dam is completed, the flood control standard of Jingjiang reach will be greatly improved.

Located on both sides of the spillway dam section are the left and right powerhouse behind the dam. The round hole on the model represents the number of hydropower units we will install in the future. We will install 65,438+04 hydropower units in the left bank power station and 65,438+02 hydropower units in the right bank power station, each with a capacity of 700,000 kilowatts. It is equivalent to the power generation of a Danjiangkou hydropower station. At present, there are only 2 1 sets of such large-capacity generators in the world, among which the Itaipu Hydropower Station jointly built by Brazil and Paraguay ranks first in the world has 18 sets, and the Daguli Hydropower Station in the United States ranks third in the world has 3 sets. In the future, the Three Gorges Hydropower Station will have 26 hydropower units (each unit is 600 tons heavier than the Eiffel Tower) with a total installed capacity of18.2 million kilowatts. The annual power generation is 84.7 billion kWh, which is 6.5 times that of Gezhouba Hydropower Station and 10 times that of Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station. Compared with the largest Yitaipu hydropower station in the world today, it can be transported to about 1.200 square kilometers with the Three Gorges Dam as the center and Shanghai as the easternmost point. The westernmost tip-Lanzhou; The southernmost tip-Guangzhou; Tianjin, the northernmost city, continuously exported to Central China, East China and East Sichuan, which promoted hydropower development and economic take-off in these areas and realized the strategic pattern of "transmitting electricity from west to east". Water energy is clean and renewable energy, which will not consume natural resources and cause environmental pollution. The Three Gorges Project can save 40-50 million tons of raw coal every year, reduce thermal power generation and reduce environmental pollution, thus optimizing the energy structure of China.

The third part of the project includes two permanent navigation structure, one is the permanent ship lock (double-line five-class ship lock) you just passed, and the other is the single-line first-class vertical ship lift. The permanent shiplock excavated manually is embedded in granite mountain, which is called double-line and five-line continuous cascade shiplock. It will become the largest inland river lock in the world, with the water level difference between upstream and downstream as high as 1 13m (upstream water level 175m, downstream Gezhouba reservoir water level 62m, equivalent to a skyscraper with a height of more than 30 floors). The so-called "double track" is the two grooves you see, which are the two one-way lanes in the future, one for the ascending ship and the other for the descending ship. After the permanent lock is put into use, ships can get on and off here without interference and pass through the lock in an orderly manner; The so-called "five levels" means that the permanent ship lock is divided into five levels, similar to the stairs that people often climb, so there are ten small lock rooms in five steps of two channels. The dimensions of each sluice chamber are the same as those of No.2 sluice in Gezhouba, Yichang, with a length of 280m, a width of 34m and a minimum water depth of 5m. It takes at least 30 minutes for a ship to pass through Gezhouba No.2 lock. Then in the future, if you have Yaxing to visit the Three Gorges and pass through the permanent lock, it means that you have to pass through Gezhouba No.2 lock five times in a row, which will take at least two and a half hours in terms of time. At this time, some tourists may ask: "How do small and medium-sized passenger ships cross the dam?" Will it take so long? "Then I can assure you that another permanent navigation structure-monorail first-class vertical ship lift is designed next to the 185 platform, in order to enable ordinary passenger and cargo ships to cross the dam quickly. If a ship passing through a permanent lock is similar to a person climbing stairs slowly, then a vertical ship lift is similar to a person taking an elevator. In fact, the mechanical principle of the vertical ship lift is similar to that of the elevator that everyone often rides. The vertical ship lift has a huge bearing box (effective size 120m, width 18m, water depth 3.5m). When the ship arrives, the gate is opened, and the ship and water can safely enter the ship-carrying compartment. When the water depth reaches 3.5m, the gate is closed and the power is provided by 8 hoists installed above us. Through 192 criss-crossing steel cables, ships, water, people and ship boxes can be lifted 1 13m, and the dam can be crossed in 30-40 minutes, but the maximum bearing capacity of the vertical ship lift is11800t (exceeding the current maximum)

In terms of shipping efficiency, the voyage from Yichang to Chongqing can save 5-6 hours on the upper reaches of the reservoir, and in the future, a fleet of 10,000-ton ships can reach Chongqing from Wuhan all the year round, and the Yangtze River will become a veritable "golden waterway". The Yangtze River runs through the east and west of China, and its main stream extends to 18 provinces and cities. It has excellent water transport conditions and is known as the "golden waterway". For a long time, although the country has carried out large-scale reconstruction and construction of waterways and ports, the development of Yangtze River shipping still cannot meet the needs of national economic development, especially the 650-kilometer Chuanjiang waterway from Yichang to Chongqing, which has a large drop, rapid current and dense shoals. Accidents often happen here. Since ancient times, the saying that "it is difficult to get through the Shu Road and get into the sky" has included the difficulty of sailing on the river. After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, the backwater flows back to Baxian County, Chongqing, where the rapids are submerged, the navigation channel is widened and the water flow is slowed down. The waterway can be increased by 650km, and the speed will be increased from the current15km/h to 30km/h.. The 10,000-ton fleet can fly directly from Wuhan to Chongqing in 50% of the year, and the transportation cost will be reduced by 35%-37%. Combined with port construction and ship modernization, it can be launched for one-way navigation at the same time. Due to the regulation of the reservoir, the low water below Yichang has increased from the current 3,000 cubic meters per second to more than 5,000 cubic meters per second, thus increasing the navigation depth of Jingjiang reach in the middle reaches of the river, which is beneficial to the maintenance of the waterway and the operation of the ship. In this sense, the construction of the Three Gorges Project will promote the further development of the Yangtze River shipping industry, improve the safety of transportation, strengthen the links among the southwest, central China, east China and the three major economic zones, and promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt along the Yangtze River.

Looking at the main building of the Three Gorges Project, we can see that the Three Gorges Project has three significant comprehensive benefits: flood control, power generation and shipping. Other benefits include South-to-North Water Diversion, development and resettlement, aquaculture, tourism, environmental protection, farmland irrigation and so on. The three Gorges reservoir area has obvious regulating effect on the climate in the surrounding areas. Winter temperature is beneficial to the growth of citrus in the reservoir area, and cooling in summer is beneficial to alleviate the temperature in Chongqing and Wanxian. The construction of the Three Gorges Project will ensure the water supply for cities and towns in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the water and electricity for irrigation and drainage in farmland, and provide sufficient water for the inter-basin South-to-North Water Transfer Project. By developing reservoir aquaculture and tourism, the economic development of the Three Gorges reservoir area will be effectively promoted.

Since 19 19, the Three Gorges Project was put forward by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in the Plan for the Establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC). After 70-80 years' repeated investigation and demonstration by Chinese and foreign experts, its feasible scheme was adopted at the Fifth Session of the Seventh National People's Congress from 65438 to 0992. The dam site was finally selected in Sandouping Town, Yichang, located in the middle of Xiling Gorge of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, 38 kilometers away from the Gezhouba waterway of the downstream anti-regulation reservoir. This is inseparable from its unique geographical location and terrain conditions. The wide riverbed of He Miao River is beneficial to accommodate many buildings with layout projects. The cornerstone of the dam site is hard granite, which is recognized as the best address structure for dam construction in the world. There is a long and narrow sandbar-Baozhong Island in the middle of the river, which divides the river into two parts: the big river and the back river, providing conditions for dam construction and diversion by stages.

The total construction period of the Three Gorges Project is as long as 17 years. From 1993 to 2009, we are divided into three phases.

1993 to 1997 are the first phase of the Three Gorges Project. We excavated Baozhong Island, built longitudinal cofferdams on the island, and built transverse cofferdams upstream and downstream. In this way, the former back reach was blocked into a mouth-shaped foundation pit, and a channel with a width of 3726 meters and a width of 350 meters was artificially built in the foundation pit of the first cofferdam, which is now the famous diversion channel for navigation. At the same time, foundation excavation works such as temporary shiplocks and vertical shipbuilders will be built on the waterless riverbed on the left bank. During the construction of the first phase of the project, the Yangtze River shipping will still be undertaken by the main canal of this section. 1997165438+1October 8th, which marked the end of the first phase of the project and the beginning of the second phase. At that time, the national leaders personally watched the interception ceremony, and CCTV broadcast the whole process live. The closure of the Yangtze River this time has made nearly two-thirds of the main channel of the Yangtze River form a truncated second-stage cofferdam foundation pit. Today, you can overlook the construction scenes of upstream and downstream cofferdams and foundation pits from the top cloth of Tanziling. During the period from 1997 to 2003, we will drain the water in the foundation pit, pour two-thirds of the dam with concrete, install floodgates, install the left bank generator set, and build a permanent ship lock and a vertical ship lift. During the construction of the second phase project, the diversion channel will ensure the navigation of the Yangtze River. However, since the diversion channel is only 350 meters wide, whenever the summer flood season comes, the navigation safety will be endangered by the rapid flow of water in the diversion channel (which affects the navigation of the diversion channel, the temporary lock and the dam-tipping transportation), so we built a temporary lock near the left bank of the Yangtze River (which will end its historical mission after 2003 and be changed into a sand sluice) to cooperate with the diversion channel in the flood season. In 2003, after the completion of the second phase of the project, the floodgates began to discharge water and the first batch of units began to generate electricity, which was also the main symbol of the completion of the second phase of the project. We will install two units in 2003, and then add four units every year, which is equivalent to adding one Gezhouba power station every year. The permanent ship lock with huge engineering quantity will be officially put into use in 2003, and the 10,000-ton fleet can slowly enter the ship lock. From 2003 to 2009, it will be the third phase of the Three Gorges Project. We will once again enclose the diversion open channel that has been navigable to form the foundation pit of the third-stage cofferdam, and the focus of the project will be transferred to the river surface of the diversion open channel on the right bank of the Yangtze River. We will pour the remaining one third of the dam section, and complete the construction of the rear-mounted powerhouse and the installation of the dam unit on the right bank. Then seven years later, when you visit the dam area again, the dam will be as magnificent as the model shows. The investment required for the Three Gorges Project is static 900 yuan (calculated at the price of1end of May, 1993). 900 million yuan, including 500 million yuan for the hub project. 900 million yuan, reservoir resettlement project 40 billion yuan, but considering the price, interest and other factors, the dynamic required investment is 203.9 billion yuan. Three Gorges Project 1 1(2003) The first batch of units generated electricity. By 2005, the power generation income of that year, plus the profit income of the Three Gorges Project Construction Fund and Gezhouba Power Plant, will be in balance with the dynamic investment demand of that year, that is, 2005 will be the year of fund balance. In 2006, the Three Gorges Project showed a surplus of funds and began to repay the loan principal and interest. It can be repaid on 20 10. Although the dynamic investment of the Three Gorges Project has reached more than 200 billion yuan, as long as the Three Gorges Power Station plays a huge role in power generation, we can recover the cost within five years, so it can be said that the Three Gorges Project not only brings us light, but also creates wealth and remarkable economic benefits. The construction of the Three Gorges Project also has your contribution, because part of your electricity bill will be used as special funds for the construction of the Three Gorges Project. It can be said that as soon as your house lights up, you will do your best to contribute to the construction of the Three Gorges Project.

In the downstream direction of the Three Gorges Dam, there is a beautifully designed bridge-Xiling Yangtze River Bridge, which looks like the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco on the west coast of the United States. Xiling Yangtze River Bridge belongs to the fourth generation bridge-suspension bridge, with four lanes on the deck. It was completed and opened to traffic in August 2000 1996. It is characterized by no bridge, and the weight is borne by two towers and two steel cables. Its bearing capacity is 290 tons, and the whole bridge is 1 1 18. 66 meters, the third span in China is 900 meters (the first two are Hong Kong Tsing Ma Cross-sea Bridge and Jiangsu Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge), and the tower height at both ends of the bridge 187. 5 meters, only 2 meters higher than the future dam. 5 meters, if you are interested, you can cross the Xiling Yangtze River Bridge on your way back and experience how high the dam will be in the future. Perhaps you have noticed that the color of this bridge is orange, so why set the color of the bridge body to orange? There are many reasons. First, orange is bright and eye-catching, which is conducive to navigation; Second, orange represents wealth and good luck. Yichang is a famous hometown of citrus in China.

The green belt in the center of the river under the bridge is an artificial breakwater, which is 3750 meters long. It divides the river into two parts. Now you can see the scene of "half river rustling, half river red" In the future, one side of the breakwater is a moving water area, and you can watch the thunderous waves when you discharge water with high head, and the other side is a still water area, so you can keep smooth and quiet when sailing. This is the so-called "moving water to generate electricity and sailing in still water".

On the model, you can also see another bridge-Qinjiatuo Bridge, which is the main access to the second phase construction site. A large number of sand and gravel materials, electromechanical equipment and personnel materials are continuously transported to the foundation pit of the sectional cofferdam through it. It is the largest bridge in Asia, with a maximum load of 690 tons. (Each unit weighs about 600 tons)

The future Three Gorges dam area will become a beautiful tourist attraction with complete leisure and entertainment facilities. At that time, you are welcome to visit the Three Gorges Dam area again and look forward to walking with you again! Now please go to the Tanziling observation deck to enjoy the panoramic view of the dam area. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them and I will try my best to answer them.

Finally, thank you for your attention to the Three Gorges Project! Thank you for your wishes for the Three Gorges Project!

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