What is the history of going up east and down west?

Going to Guandong is a famous population migration in the history of China, and westward movement is one of the "five most famous population migrations in the modern history of China".

The East Gate of Shanhaiguan City defines the Central Plains outside Shanhaiguan and inside Shanhaiguan. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China, Shanhaiguan people, mainly from Shandong and Zhili, began to travel eastward.

/kloc-in the 9th century, the lower reaches of the Yellow River in China suffered from famine year after year, and the people of the Central Plains in the lower reaches of the Yellow River invaded the Northeast on a large scale, which was the largest in history. At that time, the Boxer Rebellion and imperialism seized the opportunity to carve up China, and Russia gained many privileges in Northeast China. After the Russo-Japanese War, Japan forced Russia to transfer its privileges to Japan.

Westbound is one of the five most famous migration events in China's modern history. In the long history of more than 400 years from the mid-Ming Dynasty to the early Republic of China, countless Shanxi people, Shaanxi people and Hebei people left their homes, which opened up the economic and cultural channel between the hinterland of the Central Plains and the Mongolian grassland and promoted the prosperity and development of the northern region.

Extended data:

Historical background

Qing Dynasty is an important period in the history of population development in China. In the early Qing Dynasty, after the recuperation and development of Gan III, the population of the whole country exceeded 300 million during the Qianlong period. The contradiction between man and land is acute, and a large number of poor people in the mainland are forced by the pressure of life to "go west", "travel east", "wade through ancient roads", "expand the northern court", "go down to Nanyang" and "go up to Jinshan", resulting in six modern immigration waves, all of which are unofficial acts characterized by making a living.

Since the Qing Dynasty, thousands of people from Shaanxi and Shanxi have flocked to Cheng Guihua, Tumote, Chahar and Erdos to make a living. "Westward migration" has greatly changed the social structure, economic structure and lifestyle of Inner Mongolia.

At the same time, Shanxi immigrants, who account for a very high proportion of immigrants, as the main carrier of cultural communication, brought Shanxi's Jin culture to the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia, forming an immigrant culture rich in Shanxi's local characteristics. As a part of farming culture, Jin culture has merged with local nomadic culture through population migration, forming a vibrant multicultural and enriching China culture.

The barren land, frequent natural disasters and poor living environment in northern Shanxi have forced many northerners to make a living outside. There is an old saying in Shanxi, "Hequ defends Texas, and it will not be collected for ten years and nine years." Men go outside and women dig wild vegetables, which fully shows that most people who go to the west are hungry people caused by natural disasters.

From the third year to the fifth year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty, Shanxi and other provinces suffered from drought for three consecutive years, and the worst drought occurred in modern times, known as the "Seven Famines in butyl five", and it didn't even rain in some areas. Population migration caused by natural disasters is most prominent in northern Shanxi, such as Xinzhou and Yanbei. The barren land and harsh natural environment in northern Shanxi forced a large number of people to leave their homes.

For example, "Yanggao is located in the northern fortress, with excellent sand moraine, high soil and yellow sand, and low soil everywhere. It is difficult to cultivate with alkali and brine ... The land is barren and the people are poor, so there is nothing to hide. In case of famine, they are displaced. " In the harsh natural environment of barren land, cold climate and no stream irrigation, people in northern Shaanxi live in poverty. Every time there is a disaster, people have to be displaced and go out to make a living.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Going to the East (a famous population migration in China history)

Baidu Encyclopedia-Going West (Population Migration Event)