Research report on the origin of the Hong family

Tracing the origin: 1. It comes from the descendants of the workers after the ancient Yan Emperor Shennong. According to the "Yuanhe Surname Compilation" and "Shangshu", Huang Gong has held the official position of managing water conservancy in the world since the time of the Yellow Emperor, and was revered as the water god. During the reign of Emperor Zhuanxu, the imperial army launched an army to fight for the world, but failed and changed his surname to Hong to avoid hatred. Legend has it that after his failure, he was so angry that he knocked down Buzhou Mountain in the northwest, which supported the heaven and earth. Therefore, he was expelled from the Central Plains. In order to prevent his descendants from forgetting that he was the water god, he added three dots of water next to his surname, so he called him Hong. 2. Changes made after the founding of the People's Republic of China. According to "Tongzhi Clan Brief", there was a country in the Western Zhou Dynasty (the old city is in Huixian County, Henan Province today). The descendants took the country as their surname, and later added water to form a flood. 3. According to "History of the Road", it is said that the surname Hong came after Emperor Hong (i.e. Xuanyuan family). 4. During the Zhou Dynasty, the Yanghou State was also called the Hongdong State because it established its capital in Hongdong, and its descendants took the country as their surname. 5. The surname Hong (Hong) was changed because of taboos: ① During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Xianwen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was named Tuoba Hong, and Emperor Xiaowen was named Yuanhong. At that time, the surname Hong (Hong) in the north was changed to Hong surname to avoid taboos. ② According to "An Examination of Hundred Family Surnames", the surname Hong in Yuzhang and Hong in Changzhou was changed to Hong to avoid the taboo of naming the prince Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty and the emperor Ming Dynasty of the Tang Dynasty Li Hong. ③ According to the "Surname Yun Yun Pu", Liu Hongchang and Liu Hongguo of the Five Dynasties changed their surname to Hong to avoid being named the father of Taizu of the Song Dynasty. 6. Change of surname from another clan. The surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty were Aixinjueluo, Hongjia, Hongyi, etc., all or part of which were later changed to Hong; the Kizil surname of the Yugu tribe was Hong; , Yizhou, Kaichengfu and other places; today the Manchu, Korean, Mongolian, Zhuang, Tujia and other ethnic groups have this surname. Distribution and migration of the Hong surname in history. After the formation of the Hong surname, the main areas of activity were in Jiangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places. People IN developed rapidly. This is related to the sinicization of the original Shanyue people in the southeast region with the Hong surname. During the Song Dynasty, there were approximately 190,000 people with the surname Hong, accounting for approximately 0.24% of the country's population; ranking 75th. The province with the largest number of people with the surname Hong is Jiangxi, accounting for about 43% of the total population with the surname Hong in the country. The distribution in the country is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Fujian. These four provinces account for about 82% of the total population of Hong surname in the country, followed by Sichuan, Hebei, Henan, and Guangdong. Agglomeration areas with the Hong surname centered on Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian have formed across the country. During the Ming Dynasty, there were approximately 170,000 people with the surname Hong, accounting for approximately 0.18% of the country's population, ranking 96th. During the Ming Dynasty, Zhejiang was the largest province with Hong surnames, accounting for approximately 33% of the total population of Hong surnames in the country. The distribution in the country is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Fujian. These three provinces account for about 64% of the total population with the surname Hong, followed by Jiangxi, Jiangsu, and Hubei, where another 20% of the people with the surname Hong are concentrated. Over more than 600 years during the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, the general distribution pattern of the Hong surname changed greatly, and its population mainly migrated to the southeastern coastal areas. The centers of the Hong surname across the country are still in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian. Distribution and map of the contemporary population with the surname Hong. There are more than 2 million people with the contemporary surname Hong, which is the 99th surname in the country and accounts for approximately 0.16% of the national population. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population with the surname Hong has increased from 170,000 to more than 2 million, nearly 11 times. The growth rate of the population with the surname Hong is lower than the growth rate of the national population. The population growth rate of Hong has been declining in the past 1,000 years since the Song Dynasty. The distribution across the country is currently mainly concentrated in the four provinces of Guangdong, Taiwan, Fujian, and Zhejiang, accounting for approximately 49% of the total population with the surname Hong in the country, followed by Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, and Chongqing. The four provinces and cities account for 27% of the population with the surname Hong. %. Guangdong is the province with the largest number of people with the surname Hong, accounting for about 14% of the total people with the surname Hong. The whole country has formed an area with a high proportion of Hong surnames along the Yangtze River Estuary and reaching Hainan in the south. During the 600 years, the degree and direction of population flow with the Hong surname were not much different from those during the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties. They continued to migrate from the southeast to the west and south. The schematic diagram of the distribution frequency of the surname Hong among the population (see Figure 99) shows that: in Zhejiang, Shanghai and Jiangxi, most of Jiangsu and Anhui, eastern Hubei and Hunan, Fujian and Taiwan Qiong, most of Guangdong, southern Guangxi, eastern Yunnan, central Chongqing, and northern Heilongjiang , central Jilin, and northeastern Inner Mongolia, the proportion of Hong surnamed Hong generally accounts for more than 0.22% of the local population, and can reach more than 1.5% in the central area. This area covers approximately 16% of the total land area, and approximately 1,000 people live in this area. 73% of people named Hong. In northern Jiangsu and Anhui, Shandong, western Guangdong, most of Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou, western Yunnan, southern Shaanxi, most of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang, and eastern Inner Mongolia, the proportion of the local population is between 0.11% and 0.22%, and the coverage area is between 0.11% and 0.22%. It accounts for 23.6% of the total land area. About 21% of people with the Hong surname live in this area.

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