What is the difference between Qilu culture in the Spring and Autumn Period?

Now many provinces in China have some traditional appellations, which are mainly related to some countries in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. For example, Hebei is called land and Shaanxi is called Jin. These places used to be the territories of these countries, so Shandong is called the land of Qilu. Originally, there were two great powers. Qilu was a very active country during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and Shandong was relatively weak, while Qi was always the number one power in the East. It was also the last country destroyed by Qin during the Warring States Period. Qilu has existed in this land for hundreds of years, and their own culture has also influenced the culture of Shandong to some extent.

Now we often put Qilu together, and even collectively refer to their culture as Qilu culture. But Qi and Lu are two different countries with obviously different internal cultures. So what are the differences between Qilu culture? What are the specific aspects?

Generally speaking, the formation of Qilu culture determines the cultural differences between the two. Qi is a fief, and the coastal area where Qi is located is the earliest place where Dongyi people lived. Later, his descendants continued to fight against the Dongyi people and determined the territory of the State of Qi.

The ancestor of Lu was the famous Duke of Zhou, who was sealed here. Because Duke Zhou's position in China is very high, and he is the younger brother of King Wu, so Lu's position in other countries is also very high. It can be said that Lu culture is only the inheritance of Zhou culture, while Qi culture is a unique Qi culture after the integration of Dongyi. The biggest difference between these two cultures is the difference in social atmosphere. Lu culture is relatively conservative. The royal family of Lu has always admired the ceremony of Zhou, and Confucius later began to carry out his own etiquette reform here, which made the atmosphere of Lu relatively closed, which was reflected in their national policy. Lu emphasized agriculture and suppressed business.

Qi culture is a reverse feature. Due to the integration of Dongyi culture, their domestic atmosphere is very open, which is reflected in their emphasis on business. During Qi Huangong's period, domestic commerce ushered in rapid development. Guan Zhong also invented these official prostitute systems. Qi people pay attention to the practicality of culture, but not to etiquette. Even the private life of the royal family in Qi is very chaotic, and the domestic utilitarian atmosphere is prevalent. This opening-up of Qi attracted countless outstanding scholars, the most famous of which was Xue.

Qi has a vast coastline, and others have been using salt to revitalize the national economy for a long time. Shandong is basically a landlocked country with a lot of land, which makes their development focus on agriculture and animal husbandry. The people of Lu mainly farm and graze or raise silkworms and grow mulberry, and Lu's silk products are famous all over the world.

Most people in Lu are primitive adherents of Shang Dynasty. Because of its good conditions, Lu has long been a big country in the East, while Qi's poor conditions made it rise by its own efforts. This history has led to great differences in cultural atmosphere between the two countries.

In addition, there are obvious differences in Qilu's political culture. Lu has always been dominated by the imperial clan, and the nobles named Ji have mastered domestic power. Later, three Huan reigned as king, and even the monarch of Lu had no power. Qi is obviously different. They began to delegate power to capable people. Like Guan Zhong, he was originally just a peddler, but he finally mastered the power of Qi. If people like Guan Zhong were in Lu, he wouldn't have a chance to get ahead. People like Lu's Wuqi have never been reused in China, either because of personal morality or because of their status.

Lu has never succeeded in making himself strong with any reform. Because they abide by Zhou's patriarchal etiquette, the clan power in their country is too strong to change. Qi is different. There are hundreds of popular ideas in China, such as Legalism and Taoism, which have also developed in Qi. Qi attached great importance to the rule of law and governed the country with this thought, while Lu governed the country with the royal system.

The different ideas of governing the country led to the different endings of Qilu and Lu. Lu did not seek change and gradually fell behind. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, Lu was no longer a strong country, and began to be bullied by other big countries, and was destroyed by Chu in the Warring States Period.

Qi is too open, which makes domestic officials and doctors more and more powerful. In the end, the Jiang royal family lost political power, and Tian successfully gained national sovereignty. Their national strength is indeed rising, but the imperial clan power of Qi State is getting weaker and weaker. In the later period, the royal family could not maintain it, and the monarch was bullied by officials or doctors.

One more thing, the cultural differences between Qilu and Qilu make the development of many cultural industries in their country different. Because Lu attaches importance to agriculture and is conservative, the development of science, technology and culture in Lu is very slow. Lu culture is relatively single, but Qi culture is different.

Qi culture is a typical multi-culture, which contains many cultural ideas, and the domestic science and technology and medical culture are very developed. These differences did not affect the future cultural integration of Qilu. In fact, the cultural integration between the two countries is an inevitable result. Qilu has not been in contact with each other since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and wars often break out between them. The country where Qi fought the most foreign wars was Lu, and the two neighboring countries maintained certain exchanges during the long war. Later, Mencius and others began to spread the integration of Confucian culture and other cultures in Qi, and gradually Qilu began to integrate.

After that, Qi was mainly in Qingzhou and Lu was in Yanzhou. With the development of the times, Qilu began to become an organic whole. In the Jin Dynasty, the two places were collectively called Shandong. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Shandong began to be a formal administrative region, and Confucian culture and Huang Lao culture were the representatives of Qilu. Later, many rulers adopted this cultural concept to govern the country. In society, Qilu has formed a unique courtyard economy, and Shandong also has a lot of rich land. The folks have formed a family living mode with halls, stables and houses as the structure. At ordinary times, everyone mainly cultivates land, trees and fruits, with raising six livestock as the main industry.

There are also unique industries such as strange fate, so Qilu culture also has a great influence on people who grew up here. Since ancient times, there have been many heroes in Shandong, and the average physique of people here is very good. Because of these Confucianism, many Shandong people believe in loyalty, such as Qin Qiong in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and they have very obvious heroism in Shandong.

Later, all parts of Shandong began to emigrate. Many people entered the northeast, and many Shanxi people immigrated to Shandong in the Ming Dynasty. The constant flow of these people has brought more changes to Qilu culture. Now Qilu culture has become a whole culture, and it is no longer as independent as before. Some shadows of Qilu culture can also be seen in these places in the northeast.

References:

Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government