What does "crossing the Kanto" mean?

Meaning: In the old society, poor people went to the east of Shanhaiguan to make a living.

Guangdong refers to Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces. Because the three northeastern provinces are located in the east of Shanhaiguan, it is named. The gate of Shanhaiguan, separated by a pass, defines the land outside Shanhaiguan and the Central Plains. However, from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China for hundreds of years, Shandong people who left their homes began to venture eastward.

The number and scale of people who broke through the Kanto River can be regarded as one of the largest population movements in human history. But the biggest difference from the migration of Sophora japonica in Hongdong is that the migration of Hongdong is an official act, and the invasion of Kanto is spontaneous by the people.

Ride the wind and waves:

At the end of Qing Dynasty, Russia invaded the northeast of China, followed by Japan. The two countries are competing to expand their power in the northeast, build railways and plunder resources, which requires a lot of labor and forces North China to go bankrupt.

Outside the customs, most farmers immigrated from North China, especially from Shandong and Hebei provinces. Dengzhou, Laizhou and Qingzhou in Jiaodong, Shandong, Baoding and Luanzhou in Hebei, and the Beijing-Tianjin area, with convenient roads and the custom of "crossing the Kanto", are the main transport areas for immigrants. Later, Henan province, the hardest hit area, relied on developed railways, and a considerable number of farmers fled to the northeast.

Taking the railway construction in the Middle East at that time as an example, The History of Northeast Development quoted Toshiyama Dono as saying: "China coolies are like a collection of ants, and Shandong, which is supplied with labor, took the opportunity to transport countless laborers out of Tamen. It is no exaggeration to say that Zhongdong Road, which is more than 1500 miles, was completed by Shandong coolies. " ?

Number of people who have been to Guangdong:

According to statistics, in 192 1 year, only 209,000 people immigrated to the northeast, which increased to 567,000 in 1926, and then the number of immigrants soared, reaching10 in 1927 and 1028. That is, from 192 1 to 10 in130, nearly 6180,000 people went to the northeast to make a living.

According to scholars' estimation, the number of immigrants (including descendants) has reached140,000, with an average annual population of nearly 300,000. Some experts believe that before the 1930s, there were about 400,000 to 500,000 people going to the Northeast from Hebei, Shandong and Henan every year, and in many years it exceeded one million.