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Lingchuan immigrants relocation
When I was a child, I foolishly thought that my hometown, like my parents, was innate, unchangeable, non-selective and unchangeable. Later, I finally learned that my hometown is not as frequent as Gypsies, but it is also fluid and uncertain.
When I was just sensible, my parents told me that my hometown was Dong Zhang, a village in Linxian County, Henan Province. At the end of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, my hometown suffered from famine, and my grandparents fled to lingchuan county, Shanxi where they now live. But later, the old man at home told me that in addition to our hometown in Linxian County, Henan Province, we also have an older hometown, which is under the old locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi Province.
Grandpa said that in the early Ming Dynasty, my ancestors and tens of thousands of people in Hongdong area were forcibly immigrated to the Central Plains and other places by the government, and the people were dying in the long war. This is a passive migration. My ancestors and thousands of local people were initially mobilized to emigrate. It is difficult for a poor family to leave, and it is also difficult to leave that hot land. There are also shackles buried by parents and ancestors in the loess under their feet, which makes any family reluctant to leave their homeland. So the government adopted insidious and cunning deception, widely posted notices, saying that anyone who ran under the big locust tree could not move out. People from far and near believed it and rushed to run under the big locust tree, only to be surrounded by government soldiers and forcibly sent to Henan and other places.
When they were escorted to the road with their hands tied, the immigrants, including my ancestors, turned around frequently in loud wails. They were driven away by each other, and their hometown retreated a little. Slowly, their eyes are only left with the old pagoda tree that is full of old people's nests and belongs to the symbol of hometown. After a long time, the descendants of immigrants can't remember the exact address of their hometown, but only remember a folk song handed down from generation to generation: "Ask where my ancestors came from, Shanxi Hongtong locust tree." What's the name of my ancestral home? The old man's nest on the big locust tree. "
After more than 500 years of immigration, my hometown returned to Shanxi from Henan. However, my hometown in exile is hungry and tired, so I can't walk far, and I can't go back to my hometown in Hongdong, south of Shanxi, and settle in my current residence on the southeast edge of Shanxi.
So my family has three hometowns. Hong Tong Sophora japonica is the hometown of ancestors; Linxian county, Henan province, is grandpa's hometown; Now I live in the west foot of the southern Taihang Mountain, which is the hometown of my father, me and my younger generation.
Mobility and migration are the normal state of human society. The so-called hometown is the resting place where our ancestors wandered, the place where we were born and raised in childhood, but not necessarily the place where we died. This reality is a bit cruel to my grandfather's generation of "fugitives". Aside from their ancestral home, Hongdong's hometown, they still have two hometowns, one is the hometown of Linxian County, Henan Province, where their parents and ancestors are buried, and the other is the village they built with their own hands.
Grandpa once told me that one of his brothers and one of his uncles fled with him. I call them grandpa and grandpa two. Since they settled here, the three brothers have been looking forward to returning to their hometown in Henan one day. At least, they can go back to their hometown after death and be buried in their parents' ancestral graves. Grandpa's brother realized this long-cherished wish after his death. When his uncles grew up, they sent his bones back to his hometown in Henan and buried them in his ancestral grave. But for grandpa and grandpa, there is no such possibility. My grandfather, in particular, is 86 years old and has been away from famine for a whole year. Time has changed many things, and it has also made a person take root and grow into a tree that can't walk.
Grandpa predicted that whether he was alive or dead, he would never return to his hometown. He didn't want such an ending. When I was a child, he repeatedly described to me the appearance of his hometown village and our houses in Henan, as well as the land and ancestral graves that worried him. He told me many times the route of going east to Taihang Mountain to return to my hometown. Along the way, I will climb those mountains, cross those rivers and cross those villages. Where is a big pine tree, where is the steepest and most dangerous road, how many forks in the road to cross, which road to take at each fork in the road, and what kind of scenery you can see along the way. How many days does it take to walk home? Like a migratory bird, he accurately remembered the route to his hometown and various geographical signs. According to his story, I transformed into a corresponding image in my mind. But I know that there will be a big error between the image drawn in my mind and the actual image, and only the perception of grandpa's mood is accurate.
Grandpa couldn't go back to his hometown for many reasons. The poor family is worth millions, and moving for three years is a superficial reason. The deeper reason is that my third aunt, my uncle and father are even married locals. And in my hometown, the house has been damaged and the land belongs to another person. On the other hand, Shanxi has its own and purchased land, which was divided into more than ten acres during the land reform. All these reasons make grandpa unable to return to his hometown, or be buried in the ancestral grave of his hometown in Henan after his death. This has become grandpa's biggest heart disease and the biggest pain. The old people who have "escaped for a generation" have all experienced the psychological pain of being cut off and confused. In the end, they all died of old age and were buried in the newly established tomb in this mountainous area of Shanxi.
My father and I, who have "escaped for two or three generations", have different feelings for my hometown from my grandfather. We understand the pain of grandpa's generation, but we only regard the hometown of our ancestors and grandpa as a symbol, which is rationally connected and passed on, but it is difficult to emotionally recognize it as our hometown. We only admit that the present village is our hometown. There is nothing we can do about it. Emotion is not a gene, it can be inherited, not inherited, it can be inherited. People who "escape from the second generation and the third generation" still speak their hometown accent at home and in the village, but they can skillfully use the local accent when talking with local people. We grew up eating milk from the South Taihang Mountains. The village is full of the frolic sound of our childhood, and the hillside is branded with our growth footprints. Our roots have long been tied to the place where we were born and raised, and have umbilical cord-like flesh-and-blood ties with the village. Especially my father's generation, is the "die-hard" of my hometown. Before and after liberation, a dozen people, including my father, either joined the army, were sent to other places, or were recruited. But later, they all returned to their hometown in despair, and some even quit their jobs and ran back. Three or four people who were promoted went back to their hometown after retirement, or came back when they were old and buried in the loess of their hometown.
My generation's feelings for the village are not as deep and iron as their parents', and they are all eager to take off their farm skins and be a migrant worker. People who can walk out of the village, no matter how far they go or what they do, regard the village as their rear area, with half their souls following us and half giving them to their hometown for collection and custody. Those who did not leave the village, after their dreams were shattered, devoted themselves to the village and land, faithfully fulfilling some kind of contract with the village and land.
Now, my father's "escaped second generation" has also passed away and is buried at the feet of the "escaped generation". Many of my contemporaries fled for three generations and died, buried in old graves arranged like pyramids from generation to generation.
Where there is home, where there is ancestral grave, where is hometown, where is root. The descendants of refugees are more and more deeply rooted in this soil and water at the western foot of the southern Taihang Mountain, and they are completely localized.
But in this era, people in my hometown have defected collectively. Many young people who fled the fourth and fifth generations repaired houses, bought houses or rented houses in the city, and moved away with their families. Even if no one moved away, the young people went to work in the city. The "escaping three generations" who originally devoted themselves to land management in the village are all old people after 50' s and 60' s. Many people are trapped in the city by their children at the most unsuitable time to change their life trajectory. Living closer to the county seat, going to the seat of the municipal government and the provincial capital farther away, was taken to a strange city far away. Most of them, "living on the hillside is not too steep", don't want to leave the hot land buried by their parents when their lives are approaching. But in order to help my children take care of their grandchildren and provide for their old age, I had to run away from home with my children. In the present village, there are only some old people who are unwilling to take their children out, and then there are some families who can't move out and a few bachelors.
I didn't feel any emotion in the idiom "fen" before. But now, it has become so tragic in my mind, bombing me like an echelon bomber. I heard my body fall apart with a bang. I tried to get rid of this idiom, but it pestered me like a hooligan. I know, it's all because of the present situation in my hometown, which is such a state: division.
The fragmentation of villages stems from the fragmentation of families and clans. Take my own home as an example. All four brothers and sisters moved out of the village. There are two sisters and I in the county town, and my younger brother moved to Yangquan city hundreds of miles away with their children. My family has three brothers, uncles and grandfathers who have "escaped for a generation"; My father's generation had seven brothers who escaped from the second generation. In my generation, sixteen uncles and brothers have fled for three generations, but eleven have moved to all parts of the province. Five of them are dead and buried in a foreign land. I don't know how strong these brothers and their descendants need to be to regard their hometown as their hometown, live there in peace, and finally be buried in the local area with peace of mind and become ghosts in other places. It is difficult to find out how many children and grandchildren these brothers have, what their names are and what they are doing. As for their offspring, they are more like dandelion seeds. After differentiation, they differentiated again. Even if they meet them one day, they won't recognize their family.
My family is still in the village, only my two cousins, one of whom bought a house in the county, and only moved when the children serving in the army came back. I counted it repeatedly with my fingers. Of my sixteen brothers, only six, including me, can be buried in the old grave of my hometown after my death. As for the only one who can die in the village, I'm afraid there is only one single cousin.
The people who went out with me in the village endured great pain in their hearts and continued on their way. Although my hometown is good, it is not my hometown; Wandering in my later years made my heart more desolate. Before leaving, they all dug some soil in the old land of the village and carefully put it into food bags to take away. This is the earthwork left by our ancestors. It is said that boiling water with the soil in our hometown can cure the acclimatization in other places. This soil is also a miniature hometown. Watching it may soothe the pain of homesickness, but it may evoke more homesickness and bring forth bitter homesickness tears.
When my brother left, he also brought a handful of dirt from his hometown, but he said there were still three diseases that could not be cured. First, it is difficult for relatives to meet each other, and it hurts to think about it. Second, it is difficult to pay homage to the elderly. Every time Tomb-Sweeping Day goes to the grave, he will send cold clothes on the first day of October. If I want to come back, I need to prepare a few days in advance. More often, he had to find a local crossroads, burn incense and paper to worship, and "burn away" to the south. All he can do is give me a call and ask me to burn paper for him and kowtow to my parents. Thirdly, there is a great suspense in my heart, that is, after closing my eyes, will the children be buried in the local area to avoid a long journey and not be able to go back to their hometown to sweep their graves? My brother said that if so, he would die unsatisfied.
But the young people in the village still want to go out and are eager to have a place in the city. Although they still work for a living, although they are still farmers, they are still willing to hide under the eaves of the city, although they will encounter some supercilious eyes and more embarrassing things. Young women try to cover up all traces from the countryside with cheap fashion and cosmetics bought online. After they met me in the street of the county seat, they didn't want to talk to me with the accent of their hometown in Henan, unless only people from their own village were present. I can understand the feelings of young people in the village. Man struggles upwards and water flows downwards, which is human nature. Times have given them such an opportunity, and they are not wrong.
However, in an era when everyone is right to leave their hometown, vagrancy is on the rise. Many people's hometown will be broken and disappear in such vagrancy. Therefore, it is doomed that most contemporary people will have no hometown to return to, and homesickness will come out of surging Wang Yang in generate like a flood that burst its banks.
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