Was Mongolia's independence caused by the former Soviet Union?

Although it can't be said that it is completely caused by the Soviet Union, it is absolutely inseparable from it!

The independence of Outer Mongolia has both internal and external reasons of China. The internal causes are: Xinhai Revolution in 65438 +09 1 1.

19 1 1 The Revolution of 1911 first triggered a domino effect in China. The provinces responded in succession, declaring independence and getting rid of the rule of the Qing government. Outer Mongolia, like other provinces, declared independence under the leadership of princes and nobles.

The external cause is mainly Russian intervention:

19 1 1 After the Revolution of 1911 (the third year of Qing Dynasty), with the gradual disintegration of the Qing Dynasty, under the instigation of the Russian consul in Kulun (now Ulaanbaatar), Outer Mongolia declared its independence and established the official residence of "Greater Mongolia". In the same year,1October 30th, 165438, Russian and Mongolian troops surrounded the yamen of Minister Cullen of the Qing government, disarmed the Qing army and escorted Sanduo and his party out of the country. 12 On February 28th, Zhebuzun Danba ascended the throne in Cullen, calling himself the Sun Emperor, with the year number of * * *. However, this independence was not recognized by the then Qing government and the later Republic of China government.

19 13 Russia forced Yuan Shikai's ruling Beiyang government to sign the Sino-Russian statement. The statement stipulates that outer Mongolia recognizes the Beiyang government, and the Beiyang government also (must) recognize the independence of outer Mongolia. Beiyang government shall not station officials and troops in outer Mongolia, and shall not emigrate. In fact, the Beiyang government recognized Outer Mongolia, and Russian troops occupied Cobudo and Tangnuu Liang Hai.

1965438+On June 7, 2005, China, Russia and Mongolia signed the Chaktu Agreement in Chaktu, which made this statement concrete. On this basis, Outer Mongolia became independent, but it was actually controlled by Russia.

Then, in 19 17, the October Revolution broke out in Russia. Later, Su Zhengquan issued two declarations to China in 19 17 and 19 19, announcing the abolition of the unequal treaty signed by Russia and China, but actually continued to support the independence of outer Mongolia (please note: 19 19 July 25,

1919165438+17 October, President Xu Shichang of the Republic of China decided to send troops to outer Mongolia, and sent his direct general Xu Shuzheng into Kulun, outer Mongolia, totally denying the Sino-Russian statement. In the same year165438+1October 17, outer Mongolia formally wrote to Xu Shichang, petitioning to abolish all treaties between Russia and Mongolia and cancel "autonomy".

However, in 1920, it was China's turn to fall into a melee between warlords, and all factions had no time to take care of Outer Mongolia. The Soviet Red Army then invaded Mongolia on May 25th, 192 1 (in the name of pursuing the remnants of Belarus), and started fighting in Kulun on July 6th of the same year. 1 1 In July, the pro-Soviet constitutional monarchy was established in Outer Mongolia. Xu Shichang once ordered Zhang to recover outer Mongolia, but Zhang only perfunctory, and did not send troops to Mongolia. 165438125 October, the "people's revolutionary regime" was established in outer Mongolia, and 1922 concluded the Soviet-Mongolian Reconciliation Treaty (which China did not recognize).

At the end of World War II, in order to continue to gain the support of the allies for the China war zone, and also to avoid the Soviet Union's assistance and the withdrawal of troops from Northeast China, in August 1945, after more than two months of negotiations with the Soviet Union, the government of the Republic of China finally made a compromise: it allowed the result of a "fair referendum" to decide whether to recognize the Mongolian people and the Republic of China.

101On October 20th, a referendum was held in outer Mongolia. The results show that 100% of the citizens are in favor of Outer Mongolia's independence from China. 1946 65438+1On October 5th, the Republic of China officially recognized the independence of the Mongolian people.