Summarize the historical background and basic reasons for the formation of the new immigrant class

In the war-torn environment at the end of Yuan Dynasty, Chongming Island, a county belonging to Yangzhou Prefecture, was preserved because it was blocked by the Yangtze River and was not attacked by war. Chongming Island is located at the mouth of the Yangtze River. The beach area is small, and the waterway changes from time to time, so as soon as the war stops, the population will move out one after another. In the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), more than 2,000 households on Chongming Island moved to Jiangbei, and these residents lived across the river. Haimen county. After that, 500 landless residents moved to Kunshan County, Suzhou. In fact, since the early years of Hongwu, there have been immigration activities in Chongming Island, but the difference is the change of its administrative district. Chongming Island was under the jurisdiction of Jiangbei before the seventh year of Hongwu (1374), and it belonged to Kunshan County after the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu (1392).

In the 23rd year of Zheng Zhi (1363), Zhang Shicheng established a base area in Suzhou, claiming to be the king of Wu to compete with Zhu Yuanzhang. 1367 Zhang Shicheng was defeated and captured and hanged in Jinling. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, changed to Hongwu, and established the Ming Dynasty. In order to consolidate the political power, Emperor Hong ordered the gentry and merchants who had supported and fostered Zhang Shicheng in Suzhou to confiscate their property, and ordered his family to move to other places to reclaim land. This is the "Hongwu migration" in history, also known as "Hongwu drive away". "Hong Wu drove away" began in the early Ming Dynasty. According to Feng's "The Origin of Xin 'an Town" written in the forty-fourth year of Qing Qianlong (1779), "At the beginning of Ming Hongwu's ascent to the extreme, he thought that the gathering of big families would go against the trend, which made the soldiers from all walks of life lead their troops on a long journey and rode away, which was called" Hongwu drove away ",and the descendants were harmonious. When I arrived in Jiajing, I dispersed according to the order, while Su Zhichang's surnames such as Zhoumen and Wuxi Hui, as well as Liu Guan, Duan and Jin, all dispersed and came to Kuangnan (south of Haizhou) and Reed wasteland, so they all took planting grass as the standard and occupying land for the people as a way to avoid soldiers. After that, the population grew more and more, so Yizhou was invited as a state citizen to put the state animal husbandry into the territory for the people in the village. " Because none of these people who were "driven away" at that time was voluntary, but mandatory, and armed escort, things were concentrated in the Hongwu period, so it was called "Hongwu drive away." Most of the ancestors of many counties in northern Jiangsu migrated from Suzhou, which are recorded in many old genealogies. Some of them are called "red flies drive away", "red bees drive away" or "red towels drive away" and "Red Army drive away".