I don't know how the party reshaped American politics in the19th century.

Like a fight club, there are rules for joining a secret society called the Stars and Stripes (OSSB). An initiation ceremony called "Meet Sam". Remember the password and gestures. A solemn oath never to disobey orders. Pure Protestant Anglo-Saxon descent, excluding all Catholics. Most importantly, members of secret societies are not allowed to talk about secret societies. When outsiders ask anything, they will answer "I don't know anything."

So the rules of this secret brotherhood were highlighted in 1853 and became a powerful political party called "I don't know". At the peak of 1950s (19), the "Know Nothing Party" originally called "American Party" included more than 100 elected members of Congress, eight governors, the controlling shares of six state legislatures from Massachusetts to California, and thousands of local politicians. Party member supports the expulsion of foreign beggars and criminals; Provide immigrants with a naturalization period of 2 1 year; Compulsory reading of the Bible at school; Abolish all Catholic public offices. They hope to restore their view of America through moderation, Protestantism, self-reliance, American citizenship and professional ethics, which are regarded as the highest values in America.

It is the largest and third party in the American political system. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, the two remaining political parties after the birth of the United States were the Federalist Party (which advocated the establishment of a strong central government) and the Democratic Party (founded by Thomas Jefferson). After the earliest political parties, the National Party against andrew jackson was established. Because Jackson's party was called the Democratic Party, the organization eventually became the Whig Party. During its short existence, the Whigs sent President William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor and others to the White House. But the party split on the political issue of slavery and then disintegrated. Before the Whig Party even ceased to exist, omniscient things filled the vacancy of power and chose to ignore slavery and concentrate all their energy on immigration. They are the first political party to make economic worries about immigrants an important part of its platform. Although the time is not long, the values and status of the ignorant finally contributed to our two-party system today.

Paved the way for the movement of the ignorant. They are two people from new york. Thomas Whitney, the son of a silversmith who opened his own shop, wrote a masterpiece about "knowing nothing" and defended American policy. William“Bill the Butcher "is a gangster, a professional boxer and butcher in Bowery (which was later used as the inspiration for Martin Scorsese's gang new york). Whitney and Poole came from different social classes, but both of them had a great influence on the political parties they chose, and their paths met at the critical moment of the rise of nativism.

Besides being a successful sculptor, Whitney is also an enthusiastic reader of philosophy, history and classical literature. He went from reading to writing poems, and finally political sketches. "What is equality rather than stagnation? Whitney wrote in one of the letters. In the circle of nativists, Whitney has a knack of quickly rising to the top of any group he belongs to, ahead of the elites such as writers James fenimore Cooper, George W. alexander hamilton and james monroe (the nephew of the former president). He became a chartered member of the American Federation (the predecessor of OSSB) and published many brochures of the organization with his own printing press.

Whitney believes in * * *' s behavior, but is not committed to reducing social inequality. On the contrary, he believes that all people "have the right to enjoy social and political privileges because they have the ability to use and enjoy these privileges reasonably." Ace should enjoy full rights. Women's right to vote is disgusting and unnatural. Catholics are a threat to national stability. German and Irish immigrants have destroyed the old order established by the founding fathers, from 1820 to 1845.

Every year, 10000 to 100000 immigrants enter the United States. Due to the economic instability in Germany and the potato famine in Ireland, these figures have turned from a trickle to a tsunami. From 1845 to18542.9 million immigrants flooded into the United States, many of whom believed in Catholicism. Suddenly, more than half of new york residents were born abroad, and Irish immigrants accounted for 70% of charity recipients. With the increase of cultural conflicts, fear outbreaks and conspiracy activities,

. Posters around Boston read: "All Catholics and all those who support Catholicism … are despicable liars, liars, villains and timid murderers." It is said that all the young women in the monastery are against their will. Maria Monk published an "exposure" article, claiming to have worked undercover in such a monastery, accusing the priest of strangling the baby. It doesn't matter if monk is found to be a liar. Her books have sold hundreds of thousands of copies. These conspiracies were so evil that churches were burned down and gangs spread from new york and Boston to Philadelphia, Baltimore, Louisville, Cincinnati, New Orleans, St. Louis and San Francisco knew nothing about it.

At the same time, the influx of immigrants reshaped the structure of the American people, and the old political parties seemed ready to fall apart. Christopher Phillips, a professor of history at the University of Cincinnati, said that intellectual property rights, intellectual property rights, intellectual property rights, intellectual property rights and intellectual property rights seem to come out of a vacuum. "This is a failed Whig Party and a tottering Democratic Party. They can't express themselves clearly. What satisfies most of their voters is the answer to questions related to daily life. "

The citizens know nothing. (Wikimedia Association) 1854 Localist and anti-Catholic poster released in Boston. (Wikipedia shared resources) "Only American citizens can get permission to do any work in this city." Examples of anti-immigration. Phillips (Library of Congress) said that the nihility of knowledge shows three patterns, which are common to all other nativist movements. The first is the nationalist embrace seen in Ossur's works. Secondly, religious discrimination: in this case, Protestants oppose Catholics, not more modern Jewish Christians oppose * * *. Finally, the identity of the working class is combined with the words of the upper political leaders. As the historian Elliott J.Gorn wrote, "The pursuit of racial hatred enables those who make a living by winning elections to avoid more complicated and politically dangerous class division."

No one can show more respect for the working class than Poole. Although Poole gambles in bars and often quarrels, he is a respected party member who leads a gang and terrorizes voters in a violent way at polling stations. Later, it was reported that a victim was bitten on the arm and his eyes were seriously injured. Poole was also the first martyr who didn't know.

1855 On February 24th, Poole met the Irish boxer John morrissey while drinking in a bar in new york. The two men abused each other and both pulled out their guns. But before it became violent, the police came. Later that night, however, Poole returned to the hall and wrestled with people from morrissey, including Welsh-born immigrant lewis baker, who shot Poole in the chest at close range. Although Poole lived for nearly two weeks, he died on March 8. The last sentence he said pierced the hearts of the ignorant people in this country: "Goodbye, son, I died in real name." About 250,000 people flocked to lower Manhattan to pay tribute to the great Americans. Plays performed all over the country changed their narrative, ending with actors wrapped in American flags and quoting Poole's last words. An anonymous pamphlet titled The Life of William Poole claimed that the shooting was not a simple bar fight, but an assassination organized by the Irish. The facts are not important; It doesn't matter whether Poole was carrying a gun on the night of the shooting or whether the attacker was shot in the head and abdomen. Admirers don't care that Poole attacked him for attempted murder before. He is an American hero who fought for freedom and sacrificed his life to protect people from dangerous Catholic immigrants.

On the day of Poole's funeral, a procession of 6,000 mourners marched slowly through the streets of new york. These people include local politicians, volunteer firefighters, a 52-member band, members of OSSB and Thomas R. Whitney. Judging from the scale of Poole's funeral and the ability of uninformed political parties to penetrate all levels, it seems that the third party wants to overthrow the Whigs and replace them. However, under the pressure of taking a firm stand on slavery, insiders collapsed, not continued to grow. By the end of 1950s (19), the raid led by Dred Scott (who sued for freedom but was rejected) and abolitionist john brown proved that slavery was a more explosive and urgent problem than immigration.

The United States fought for slavery, and the destruction of this conflict promoted the concern for nativism behind the American spirit. However, nativism has never left, and the omniscient heritage has become obvious in the policies aimed at each wave of new immigrants. 19 12, the Immigration Committee of the House of Representatives debated whether Italians can be regarded as "Caucasians of pure blood" and whether immigrants from southern and eastern Europe are regarded as "not so smart physically and culturally". From the end of 19 to the first third of the 20th century,

Asian immigrants are excluded from naturalization because of their non-white status. "From the Ku Klux Klan to the progressive movement, from the old New England aristocrats to the eugenics movement, people from various groups and factions are strange and strange strange bedfellows people in the movement to stop immigrants, who are considered unwelcome by white people of old blood, wrote Charles Hirschman, a sociologist at the beginning of the 20th century." The immigration restrictions adopted in the early 1920s actually ended all immigration except northwest Europe. "

These arguments and regulations continue today. On the question of refugees from the Middle East and immigrants from Latin America,

Phillips concluded that those who are confused about current political events simply don't have enough time to review history. He said: "People can't understand (current affairs) unless you know something about nativism." . "This requires you to return to the unknown world in time. You must realize that the background is different, but the theme is the same. The participants are still the same, but with different names.