Who has Turner's The Importance of Borderlands in American History, or any other Turner works? It's urgent, thank you.

abstract

Frederick Jackson turner is the United States

19

At the end of this century

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hundred years

30

It was very influential in the early 1990s.

Historian. He uniquely put forward the "frontier theory"

Emphasize the important role of frontier and westward movement in the development of American history.

Use.

This theory embodies Turner's historical thought,

Sweep away the accumulated disadvantages of past historiography,

Put forward historical research

His new ideas have had a far-reaching impact on American historians.

key word

lathe work

"frontier theory"

American historiography

The United States is a country founded on colonies,

Its indigenous population accounts for a small proportion,

Most Americans come from

Immigrants in Europe and slaves in Africa. So American society is greatly influenced by Europe. Meanwhile, the United States

The academic circles have been deeply influenced by Europe. Based on this, for a long time, the United States was called "export goods, import goods".

Culture "country. The study of American history has a European tradition, and many historians believe that American system, culture and history.

Everything comes from Europe. To explore American politics, economy, culture, system, habits and national development, we need to find European roots.

Starting from the source,

Then discuss the development and changes of these European roots in the American geographical environment.

The most important source is Britain.

There is also German tradition, because immigrants from England, Germany and Ireland are the main body of Americans. exist

1893

Year, special

Turner read his paper "The Significance of Frontier in American History" at the annual meeting of the American Historical Society.

, put forward the "active frontier"

Conclusion, and then form the "frontier theory"

. Therefore,

The "frontier theory" became popular in the United States, and Turner also compared Parrington with Belgium.

Freud, also known as the Big Three in American History, was the leader of the progressive school at that time. He is a pioneer of modern American historiography.

"Are you?

It was from Turner that American historiography got rid of its dependence on European historiography and gradually formed its own characteristics.

The concept of "frontier" in American history is different from the boundaries or boundaries in the usual geographical concepts. Its concept is

19

hundred years

The western United States, that is, the "active frontier" that constantly moves to the Pacific coast.

. exist

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At the end of this century

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Turner was interested in this at the beginning of this century.

Conduct systematic research,

And synthesize them,

To a complete theory,

Then create a special school.

but

"frontier theory"

The emergence of,

Dissemination and praise have a profound social and historical background. Since the Civil War, the United States has truly achieved reunification, and the domestic economy

The system tends to be unified, and American capitalism is advancing by leaps and bounds. Rapid development has brought about a high concentration of capital and wealth.

The distribution of social wealth is increasingly disparity,

Various social problems have become increasingly prominent.

At this moment,

When the United States is at a major turning point in social development,

Period, there is an urgent need to establish a new social order. In the field of history, Turner made a new interpretation of American history.

Made a positive response.

He thinks that to understand America,

In order to understand the rise and role of the forces that made America today,

We should rewrite history with new ideas. He appeared in the attitude of opposing the traditional "European theory" of American civilization and asserted American literature.

The Ming Dynasty did not originate in Europe, but in the "active frontier" since the colonial era.

, flaunting the uniqueness of American historical development.

The history of America is different from that of European countries.

It can be regarded as a pioneering westward history.

The process of American development is

It is a process of expanding westward. At the same time, Americans' living habits, ways of thinking, political system, economy and culture all follow suit.

In the process of continuous development and change,

Formed through long-term integration.

Turner stressed that,

The frontier he said is different from Europe.

The frontier meaning in people's concept.

In Europe,

It is generally believed that the frontier is a solid boundary line around dense residents.

basis

The world is fixed. However, Turner thinks frontier is a flexible word and does not need precise definition. exist

United States,

The border should be regarded as a border zone, which is constantly moving.

It includes population reports of Indian countries and the United States.

The outer edge of the settlement.

In the course of American history,

The frontier has been advancing westward,

This not only means

A region is also a society at a different stage of development from the eastern United States. With further westward migration,

Everything continues in the western regions, which used to be the frontier for the time being.

The influence of the frontier not only penetrated into the west,

But also passed.

Through the psychological accumulation of pioneers and the influence of western ideals and life on the East, it penetrated into the East.

America's western frontier and its

The "westward movement" to develop the west has shaped the characteristics of the United States. As the frontier continues to move westward, the old frontier will move in.

Under the mutual influence of people and environment, a region with its own personality has been formed.

The personality of each region has moved westward to the frontier.

Therefore, the American characteristics formed by Cheng can also be found in the process of transferring the frontier to the west.

With the rapid development of American economy and the end of the westward movement,

Make the domestic market in the United States look small,

Capitalism is in urgent need

We need a broader market and investment place,

So,

Both Wall Street and the White House are eager to expand overseas.

Where's Turner

"frontier theory"

The emergence of the "World Wide Web" can be described as the times require.

So it's not only popular,

But also give full play to its role,

Become an American couple

Theoretical basis and public opinion tool of external expansion.

When Turner studied the frontier areas,

Discover that the United States has secrets with its neighbors.

Cut the connection.

These international factors in border areas made Turner begin to study the relationship between American diplomatic history and border areas.

lathe work

People believe that the expansionist spirit of the frontier is the root of American expansionist foreign policy. For a long time,

American "Frontier Theory"

It had a direct and indirect impact on the formulation and implementation of China's foreign policy. The way of influence is roughly "frontier theory"

Some scholars have close personal relations with American politicians.

Give the latter a direct influence;

Second, the relevant government decision makers.

The relevant policies of the country are formulated by departments and departments using the "frontier theory".

Turner's research on frontier history includes American social history, economic history, political history, diplomatic history, immigration history and urban history.

Urban history and historical philosophy, etc. His frontier theory makes full use of the methods of geography, statistics, sociology and politics.

Turner has maintained a high reputation in all disciplines in the United States.

His cutting-edge theory is also widely used in different disciplines.

General quotation.

Turner believes that in the development of American history,

The role of environment in the western frontier and its colonial activities far exceeds.

European traditional influence as an immigrant. He made great contributions to American historiography.

First of all,

Turner abandoned the traditional American historical view influenced by Europe,

Established the banner of American independent historiography.

As far as the United States is concerned

In other words, Turner's era is the middle of the development of American historiography. At the beginning of the founding of the United States, historiography was very backward and did not form.

An independent discipline.

Later, with the return of a group of historians studying in Europe,

American historiography began to be established,

But American historiography

History simply copied European ideas, which led some American civilizations to "speak from Europe"

. At that time, America was geographically

Expansion, economic expansion and cultural maturity all urge Americans to seek truth in thought, scholarship, literature and art.

Independent,

Out of the shadow of Europe,

Reflects the enhancement of American national independence consciousness.

"Independence from the European framework.

The requirement of developing national ideology. Therefore, he opposed the "source theory"

And emphasize the study and explanation from the American own factors.

History,

Emphasize the influence of western frontier development on the development of American history.

This theory began to make American historiography get rid of its dependence on European history.

The vassal status of academics,

Formed its own characteristics.

Therefore, some scholars commented that Turner is

"The real American nationalist calendar.

Historian.

Secondly,

Turner opposes the tendency of traditional historical view to focus only on politics.

And pay attention to the diversity of historical research,

Greatly developed beauty

China history research field.

Before Turner,

American history generally emphasizes political and military history in content.

He thinks that the original American history

Too one-sided, far away from society and people, so he advocates expanding the scope of history, which is not only the literature and politics of the past.

Politics and economy should also include all areas of people's activities. Turner advocates studying history from many angles, with special emphasis on history.

The role of economic factors and geographical factors in promoting historical development.

He introduced the concept of economic history into American historiography; He is also extensive.

Understand the great role of vast geographical areas in the development of the United States,

Emphasizing the importance of developing the western region,

Emphasize the environment and geography

The influence of factors on the development of American history greatly influenced later historians.

Say it again,

Turner emphasized the practicality of history,

Emphasize the connection between history and reality.

Historians before Turner only used calendars.

History tells history,

As a purely academic research,

Lack of practicality.

Turner's idea of historical purpose is very practical.

Yes,

He believes that the purpose of history is to understand what has passed down from the past to the present.

So that society can be inspired by the past.

Know yourself and enlighten the society. Therefore, he advocates that historians should use the times with the interests determined by the present times.

The new situation of development provides new ideas, new means and new insights for studying history.

Finally,

Turner revolutionized the method of historical research,

Advocate the use of methods provided by various disciplines to study history.

Turner is at

When writing, I never pursue beautiful writing.

He pays more attention to the scientific content of the article.

He believes that only through natural science research.

The research methods of studying history,

Only in this way can history become an independent discipline.

Turner emphasized the connection between disciplines,

respect

The influence of other disciplines on history. He pointed out that all relevant research societies such as economy, society, geography, art and religion.

All disciplines are closely related to history.

He emphasized that historians should not only be familiar with their own work,

You must have it, too

Training in other related disciplines,

The achievements of those disciplines can be used to enrich historical works.

Besides,

Turner is studying history.

In terms of research methods,

It also puts forward the relativism theory in historical writing.

He advocated looking at the region from the perspective of global history of the world.

Sexual history opposes simply describing historical events. He believes that facts are interrelated and do not exist independently.

In short, in the academic field of American history,

The "frontier theory" did not last long. But it is of great significance to American academic circles.

The influence of the world, especially on American politics, is significant and far-reaching. The fundamental reason is that it is the product of the American expansion era.

Adapted to the needs of American social development in the past hundred years. therefore

,

Although the "frontier theory" is far-fetched and confident in theory.

It is difficult to make ends meet, but it is still popular in the United States and occupies a place in American academic circles.