Historical allusions of Jiaozhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties

The ancient population of Jiaozhou developed slowly. Before the Opium War, the population grew rapidly for more than 100 years, with an average annual growth rate of 1.4‰. Population production was in anarchy before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China. After the 1970s, the out-of-control state of population production ended. At the same time, with the improvement of people's living conditions and the development of education, medical and health undertakings, the quality of the population has been continuously enhanced.

number of people

Population records began in the Ming Dynasty. 1586 (14th year of Wanli in Ming dynasty), 18474, with about 90,000 people. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the population decreased to 1.653 (ten years of Qing Shunzhi), 1.3848, about 70,000 people. 17 1 1 year (50 years of Kangxi), 18097, about 90,000 people. 17 13 years, the Qing court stipulated: "Newcomers are bred for prosperous times and never given". Since then, the population statistics have greatly increased to 1836 (Daoguang 16 years), 106350, about 500,000 people. 19 19 (8 years of the Republic of China), with a total population of 5 10526. By 1944, the total population reached 7 12755.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the population of Jiaozhou developed rapidly. 1949- 1987 In the past 38 years, the population has increased by 240,000, with an average growth rate of 1 1%. Among them, 1950- 1957, the population increased by 69,000 in eight years. 1958- 196 1 year, the population decreased year by year, with a decrease of 42,000 people in four years. During the period of 1962- 1972, the economy began to improve and the population showed a rapid growth trend. 1 1 period, the population increased by128,000. During the period of 1973- 1987, the family planning policy was implemented and the population growth rate slowed down. During the period of 15, the population increased by 8 100.

population distribution

Since the Republic of China, the population density has gradually increased. 19 19 (8 years of the Republic of China), with an average of 195 people per square kilometer and 1949 people per square kilometer. 1987 has 546 people per square kilometer, which is 2.8 times and10.5 times the population density in19 and 1949 respectively.

The northern plain of Jiaozhou accounts for 49.5% of the city's area. The census population in 1964 was 284,807, accounting for 57% of the city's total population, with an average population of 462 per square kilometer, which was higher than the average population density of 63 in the city. 1987 The population is 4 14268, accounting for 60% of the city's total population, with an average of 672 people per square kilometer, which is higher than the city's average density 126 people.

The hilly area in the south accounts for 50.5% of the city's area, and the census population of 1964 is 2 18038, accounting for 43% of the city's total population, with an average of 374 people per square kilometer, 25 people less than the city's average density; 1987 has a population of 272,968, accounting for 40% of the city's total population, with an average of 434 people per square kilometer, which is less than the city's average density 1 12 people.

From 65438 to 0964, the urban population was 38057, accounting for 7.6% of the total population; The rural population is 464,788, accounting for 92.4% of the total population. 10 years later, the average annual growth of urban population is less than 300. Since 1978, with the development of industry and commerce, the urban population has greatly increased, reaching 1987, with a population of 68,640, accounting for 10% of the city's total population, with an average annual growth of 2,673.

3. Population changes

Population changes are divided into natural changes and mechanical changes:

During the Republic of China, the population of Jiaozhou showed the characteristics of high birth rate, high mortality rate and low natural growth rate. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), people's living conditions and medical conditions have improved significantly, and the overall trend of population mortality has gradually declined. After entering the 1970s, the mortality rate was stable at around 6‰, and the growth trend was basically consistent with the birth rate. From 1949 to 1987, there are two fertility peaks and one fertility trough. From 1952 to 1957, there were 106284 births and 40088 deaths, which was the first baby boom. 1958 ~ 196 1 year, people's life is difficult, malnutrition, low fertility rate and high mortality rate. 36,642 people were born in four years, and 44,292 people died, a decrease of 2,250 people. 1962- 1970, the second birth peak appeared. Nine-year-old 18355 1 person, 47 162 people died, with a natural increase of 136389 people. Since the 1970s, family planning work has gradually been on the right track, and the birth of the population has been effectively controlled. From 1974 to 1987, 133 150 people were born in 14 years, with an average annual birth rate of14.7 ‰; There was a natural increase of 76,703 people, with a natural growth rate of 8.47‰.

Changes in machinery During the period from Hongwu to Yongle in Ming Dynasty, immigrants from Yunnan and Shanxi moved into Jiaozhou and set up more than 200 villages, which was the largest planned population migration in Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Republic of China, in case of famine, tenant farmers and bankrupt farmers often fled to other places to beg for food, or made a living in three northeastern provinces, commonly known as "going to the east." When the situation improved, most of them returned to their hometown. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were more migrants in Jiaozhou than immigrants. From 1954 to 1987, the emigration population was 44 1705 and the immigration population was 356,975. Among them, 1954 ~ 1979, the number of migrants in 26 years is 9526 1, with an average annual migration decrease of 3664; From 1980 to 1987, the average annual net increase in population is 13 16.

The composition of the four ethnic groups

Jiaozhou has been dominated by Han nationality since ancient times. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the population of ethnic minorities living in Jiaozhou has gradually increased. From 65438 to 0953, there were six ethnic minorities (Hui). According to 1964 census, there are 502,845 people in the county, including 502,802 Han people, accounting for 99.99% of the total population. There are 43 ethnic minorities, accounting for 0.0 1% of the total population. Among the ethnic minorities, there are 25 Hui, 5 Manchu, 4 Gaoshan, 3 Korean, 3 Zhuang, Mongolian 1 person, Miao 1 person and Uygur 1 person. According to the census of 1982, * * has 12 ethnic groups, four more ethnic groups (Shui, Tibetan, Xibe and Daur) than 1964, and one less ethnic group (Uygur). The total population is 656,096, including 655,878 Han people, accounting for 99.97% of the total population; The population of ethnic minorities has increased to 2 18, accounting for 0.03% of the total population. Among the ethnic minorities, there are 88 Hui, 87 Manchu, 24 Korean, 7 Mongolian, 3 Zhuang, 3 Gaoshan, 2 Shui, Miao 1 person, Tibetan 1 person, Xibe 1 person and Daur 1 person. The population distribution of ethnic minorities is relatively concentrated. 1985, there are 130 ethnic minorities. Among them, 1 12 people are distributed in Jiaocheng town, accounting for 86% of the total population of ethnic minorities; The rest 18 people are distributed in Sanguan Temple, Dazhuang, Lengjia Village, Beiwangzhu, Xiaomawan, South du cun and Puji.

Five gender composition

During the Republic of China, there were more men than women, 1929 (18), and there were 299,685 men, accounting for 54.87% of the total population. There are 246,476 women, accounting for 45. 13% of the total population. 1944, male 37452 1, accounting for 52.55% of the total population; There are 338,234 women, accounting for 47.75% of the total population. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the change of population sex ratio was divided into two stages. From 1949 to 1969, there are slightly more women than men. From 65438 to 0949, there were 220775 males, accounting for 49% of the total population; Female 22978 1 person, accounting for 5 1% of the total population. From 1970 to 1987, there are slightly more men than women. 65438 ~ 0987, male 349700, accounting for 50.9% of the total population; There are 337,536 women, accounting for 49. 1% of the total population.

A six-year-old composition

According to the census data, the age composition of the population has changed greatly. 1982 compared with 1964, the proportion of the population aged 0- 14 decreased from 4 1. 1% to 30.5%, and the proportion of the population aged 65 or above increased from 3.9% to 5.9%. The age composition of the population has changed from "young" to "adult". The social burden coefficient of the population decreased obviously. Compared with 1964 in 1982, the proportion of working-age population increased from 55% to 63.6%, and the proportion of dependent population (0- 14 years old and over 65 years old) decreased from 45% to 36.4%. The social burden coefficient of the population decreased from 8 1.7% in 1964 to 57.3% in 1982. 1.2 average annual fund-raising of working population 1, 1.7 average annual fund-raising of working population 1 now 1982.

Composition of seven surnames

1985, there were 463 surnames in * * *, among which there were three compound surnames, namely Dongye, Zhuan Sun and Dan Tai.

There are more than ten thousand people with 13 surnames such as Wang, Liu, Zhang, Li, Zhao, Sun, Gao, Song, Zhou, Jiang, Yang, Chen and Han.

More than 5,000 people have 12 surnames: Yu, Ma, Guo, Xu, Leng, Cui, Zhu, Du, Xue, Wu, Wei and Zheng.

The surnames of more than a thousand people are Kuang, Chi, Ji, Jia, Zang, Hu, Lu, Dong, Ye, Qiu, Fan, Fu, Huang, Sui, Xiao, Zhuang, Yuan, Pan, Guan, Kuang, Ren, Luan, Feng, Zhan, Meng, Cao, Fa, Mao and Qiao.

The surnames of more than 500 people are Dou, Cai, Ning, Xin, Liu, Qu, Zhong, Zou, Geng, Duan, He, Tan, Miao, Cheng, Yao, Xian, Bao, Hao, Qin, Guo, Bian, Shao, Lei, Lu, Wu, Guan, Qi and Jiang.

/kloc-More than 0/00 people are Tai, Yan, Dan, Gou, Shang, Hu, Xing, Jing, Zhong, Che, Xu, Qi, Bie, Teng, Tu, Lu, Ju, Gong, Wen, Bi, Tao, Dai, Fang, Zhu, Niu, Pei, Tang and Zhu.

There are 20 surnames with more than 50 people, such as Yue, Gu, He, Ming, Sheng, Chu, Fan, Men, Ni, Su, Qiu, Kang, Bian, Lian, Kan, Cong, Yi, Tai, Shao and General.

The surnames of more than ten people are Wen, Ying, Ji, Shan, Zuo, Hui, Lang, Zhan, Wen, Zhang, Jian, Yi, Chi, Yan, Qian, Chao, Hua, Gong, Zhen, Shen, Hong, Cong, Tai, Miao, Huo, Si, Xiong and Chu.

The surnames of people under 9 are Bao, Di, Ma, Luo, Li, Yi, Yuan, Jing, Jiang, Lou, Ke, Yi, Wen, Zhong, Xiang, Ni, Shao, Yong, Bai, Feng, Rong, Lin, Jin, Yun and Sang. Industry, bridge, flow, depression, Yan, stone, Korea, Luo, Mo, Ji, Gang, Hu, Chuang, Wei, Chao, Feng, Dou, Weng, Tong, Ji, Yu, Xiao, Sheng, Wang, Kui, and Wei. Zhuo, Sticky, Bamboo, Gang, Qian, Chang, Dyeing, Yi, Qu, Da, Mi, Ting, Kong, Zi, Ju, Pu, Zhong, Yan, Mi, Zhu, Neng, Cai, Xiao, Tuo, Ai, Jing, He, Xun, rate, etc.

8. Composition of employment

Jiaozhou people have been mainly engaged in agricultural labor since ancient times. During the Republic of China, the agricultural population exceeded 90% and the non-agricultural population was less than 9%. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, industries such as industry and commerce have developed steadily, and the proportion of agricultural employees has gradually decreased. 1982, the working population was 3436 19, accounting for 52.4% of the total population. Among the eight occupations, workers in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery account for the largest proportion of the working population, accounting for 78.6%; Production workers, transport workers and related personnel are the second, accounting for12.5%; The proportion of business workers and service workers is low, and the two types of professionals only account for 2.7% of the working population.

Nine physical qualities

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the average life expectancy of the population was around 35 years old. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), with the improvement of people's living conditions and the development of medical and health undertakings, the physical quality of the population has been continuously improved. The mortality rate of the population, especially the infant mortality rate, is obviously lower than that before the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the life expectancy of the elderly is obviously increased, thus prolonging the life expectancy of the population. 198 1 year, with an average life expectancy of 70.84 years, including 69.30 years for men and 72.35 years for women, both higher than the provincial level. 1964, elderly people over 80 years old 1495, including 29 people over 90 years old; 1982 There were 4,487 elderly people over 80 years old, including 257 elderly people over 90 years old. Children's physical fitness has improved significantly, their physical development is normal, and their health indicators such as height have gradually improved. 1988 in the physical examination of children, the scope of examination was 0-7 years old children 12 127, and 9 160 children were actually investigated. There are 8236 children whose body length reaches or exceeds the average level (national standard of nine cities), accounting for 90% of the children examined. There are 8392 people whose weight reaches or exceeds the average level, accounting for 92% of the children examined.

Ten cultural qualities

During the Republic of China, more than 95% of the population was illiterate or semi-illiterate. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), education has developed rapidly, with a substantial increase in the educated population at all levels and a substantial decrease in illiteracy and semi-illiteracy. 1964, the population with primary school education or above in the county 15495 1 person, accounting for 30.8 1% of the total population. Among them, there are 3 12 college graduates, 2,466 senior high school graduates, 348 junior high school graduates1/kloc-0 and 40,825 primary school graduates/kloc-0. There are 21119 illiterate people, accounting for 4 1.98% of the total population, and 40 1596 people with primary school education or above, accounting for 66548+0.98% of the total population. Among them, 52,542 are men, accounting for 31.02% of the illiterate and semi-illiterate population; Female 1 16836, accounting for 68.98% of the illiterate and semi-illiterate population.