I am to the country, and I am to the people.

Teaching objectives:

Learn and understand Mencius' thought of benevolent government.

2. Be able to sum up the meanings of polysemous words such as "number, hair, straightness, military strength, victory", and master the characteristics of several sentence patterns such as "or …… or ………" and "straight ear, yes ………" and "is it different from ……".

3. Recite the text on the basis of being familiar with reading.

Teaching emphasis: induction of polysemous words and understanding of Mencius' thought of benevolent government.

Difficulties in teaching: Understanding the metaphor of "pot calling the kettle black" in the text.

Class arrangement: arrange 3 class hours.

first kind

Teaching points: introduce Mencius and Mencius' thoughts and be familiar with the text.

I. Introduction

In Mencius' book "Getting more help from the Tao but not from the Tao", "Getting more help from the Tao but not from the Tao" became a famous aphorism widely quoted in later generations. Today, we are going to study another article by Mencius, which reflects his benevolent policy thought, "My country is also my country".

Second, briefly introduce the life and thoughts of Mencius.

Students can learn Mencius by combining Note 1 with the introduction after the text.

Third, be familiar with the text.

1. Students listen for the first time and ask to listen carefully. At the same time, they should read the text carefully and pay attention to the pronunciation and writing of some words.

The second time, the students read after the tape.

2. Students read the text separately.

3. The teacher shows the projected content and checks the students' mastery of the words.

4. Write the corresponding Chinese characters according to the Chinese Pinyin, and add some phonetic symbols, which is the symbol of the interchangeable words.

(1) Abandon armor, drag () soldiers (2) slaughter () hungry, pi ? o ()

(3) The number of chickens, dolphins, dogs, bustards and livestock () (4) Do not enter the wū () pool.

(5) There is no () lost time (6) I want to teach () order.

(7) Those who are given () white are not worthy to wear on the road. (8) Applicants are filial.

Answer: (1)yè(2) is painted with a tú interchangeable word, which is the same as the "figure" (3) 3) Tú nzhù xù (4) Cù (5) is free of wú interchangeable words, which is the same as "none" (6).

4. Students read the text separately. Understand the meaning of the text.

Fourth, homework

Read and recite the text.

Second lesson

Teaching points: clear your mind and recite the text, and the teacher will give you appropriate reading tips.

First, check the students' familiarity with the text.

Second, guide students to clear their minds, recite the text and give reading tips.

Question: What is the theme of this conversation?

Clear: "Not many people."

Q: Before raising the question "There are not many people", Liang boasted (the student answered), "I am also loyal to my country." Why do you say "heart"? What is the specific practice?

Qing: "If Hanoi is fierce, move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi;" Hedong is also fierce. "

Q: How does Liang feel compared with neighboring countries?

It is clear: "I have no intention to examine the politics of neighboring countries."

Q: So, what kind of questions does Liang have?

Clear: (students close the text to answer) "There are no more people in neighboring countries, and there are no more people in my country. Why? "

The teacher reads the article backwards, and the students read and recite it.

The teacher gave a background hint: during the Warring States period, the rulers of various vassal States attacked each other in order to compete for cities and land; Domestic cruel exploitation, heavy labor, destroying productivity, resulting in insufficient soldiers and labor, which is a very prominent problem. Competing for manpower has become a top priority for the rulers of various vassal States. Then Liang will definitely raise the question of "not many people".

Q: How did Mencius analyze Liang's problems?

Ming: He made full use of Liang's psychology of fighting for power and profit and promoted the idea of "benevolent government".

Q: How does Mencius explain that there is no essential difference between Liang's measures to immigrate Xiaomi and neighboring countries?

Qing: Mencius did not directly answer the question that "the people did not increase much", but used an example that Liang was familiar with as a metaphor.

Question: How to understand the figurative meaning of "pot calling the kettle black"?

Clear: Mencius answered the reason why "the people did not increase much" by setting a metaphor-setting a trap. Compared with neighboring countries, it is just "pot calling the kettle black", which is essentially the same. Explain that Liang is not much better than other kings.

The teacher demonstrates reading the article, and the students read and recite it. After finding out the cause of the problem, the article naturally transitions to the third part-the fundamental measure of "increasing the number of people", which is also the specific content of Mencius' "benevolent government" thought.

Q: What is the specific content of his "benevolent government" thought? Include several aspects.

Clear:; There are two aspects: one is the truth of "the beginning of kingly way" and the other is the truth of "the achievement of kingly way".

Q: How can we achieve "the beginning of kingliness"?

It is very clear: "If you don't go against the farming season, the grain can't be seized." If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axes can eat into mountains, but wood can't be used. "

Q: What are the effects of these measures on the rational development of production?

Ask the students to find and draw parallelism sentences, read them aloud and answer them in the book.

Qing: Mencius used four sets of comparative sentences: "A family of five acres ... granted to white people is not responsible for wearing it on the road."

Among them, the first three groups of parallelism are Mencius' thought of raising the people, and the latter group is the thought of teaching the people. In this way, in these four groups of parallelism, the author describes his own ideas layer by layer, rendering them vividly, showing a bright future for Liang. It is logical to draw the conclusion that "there is no king", that is, "the success of the king."

Q: Reasonable measures require a reasonable attitude. How did Mencius criticize the rulers at that time for ignoring people's lives?

It's clear: "Dogs eat people, I don't know. ............................................................................................................................................................'s passage is a negative proof of the attitude towards people.

Q: What method is used to reason this paragraph?

In 2008, it was not good to blame dogs for eating hungry.

Clear: Compared with the metaphor depicted by hunger, weapons are accused of stabbing and killing people.

Third, the teacher guides the students to review the contents of this section, summarizes the writing characteristics of this article, and guides the students to recite.

Rigorous structure: there are few problems from the people; Not many people; People's Republic of China (PRC) method

2. Make good use of metaphor (students can recite some parts related to metaphor)

3. Full of momentum (students' back-to-back ratio)

The students read (recite) the text together.

Fourth, homework

Read the text carefully. Do exercise three.

The third category

Teaching points: summarize classical Chinese knowledge, do after-class exercises, conduct reading training and summarize the full text.

First, check the students' recitation of the text.

Second, classify and summarize classical Chinese knowledge.

1. Flexible use of parts of speech

Find a word with the same usage as the example from the following words.

Exodus: Today, I respect Chang Anjun's position.

(1) The tree is a mulberry (2). It can be covered with silk (3), but it is not a king.

(4) Wang is innocent. He was safe when he came.

2. Sentence patterns

Find out the following sentence patterns, translate them into modern Chinese and master their usage.

(1) or ... or ... (2) Go straight to the ear, yes ... and (3) What's different from it ... (4) Nothing?

3. Stop after (1) or 100, or stop after 50 steps. Someone ran 100 step and stopped, and someone ran 50 steps and stopped.

(2) If you don't walk straight, you will walk, but you won't run. That's also an escape.

(3) What's the difference between stabbing people? Said, "If it's not me, it's a soldier?" What's the difference between this statement and stabbing and killing people and saying, "I didn't kill them, it was the murder weapon"?

(4) things that have not been done and have not been done. (prepositional object sentence)

Third, word ambiguity (combined with the completion of exercise 2)

1. Numbers

I hope to make up the number of black clothes. The number and quantity of "touching the dragon and telling the queen of Zhao"

A family of several can not go hungry.

Then the number of victories and defeats and the principle of survival, when compared with Qin, are still not easy to measure the fate of the six countries.

Fu Su tried several times to dissuade him, and repeatedly made foreign generals "Chen She family" master priests.

Counting is not in the pool. "I am for the country" is dense and meticulous.

Meng Chong Battleship is calculated by thousands of sh incarnations of Battle of Red Cliffs.

Maintain integrity

Straight through, not rambling "Shuo" is opposite to "Qu" and does not bend.

Straight is not a hundred steps, but also a walk, and "I am in the country" is just, just.

It is the value of "selling charcoal Weng".

If you can't get rid of yourself, you will directly criticize Lu Shuai for breaking his promise.

send

Hundreds of idioms are on fire.

Chen She Family, a collection of 900 people, was published.

Painting hunger, I don't know how to open "I am for my country"

Wild flowers are fragrant, beautiful trees are beautiful, and drunken pavilions are blooming.

The host forgot to go home, and the guest had to leave with his Pipa Trip.

Great castration is also afraid of righteousness. Without unusual ideas, it is difficult to issue the "Five Tomb Inscriptions".

An Neng condescends to heroes and others, lamenting the graves and expressing the sorrow of the people. The five-person tomb monument was issued and said.

4. Soldiers

Not me, but soldiers are also the weapon of "I am also in the country"

Militarism idiom war.

We must take Chang 'an as the quality, and let the soldiers "touch the dragon and say Zhao"?

Every tree is a soldier. Idiom warrior

win victory

The donkey is angry, and the hoof of "Guizhou donkey" bears it.

If you don't go against the farming season, you won't eat. "I am also in the country."

This so-called victory surpassed the victory of the imperial court's "Zou Ji satirized the incompetent".

Sunrise is better than fire, and spring is as green as blue.

In Baling, Yueyang Tower is more beautiful than Dongting Lake.

Third, homework

Preview the next lesson.

2. Write a short article about your understanding of Mencius' thought of benevolent government.

blackboard-writing design

I am loyal to my country.

Hui Wang's question: What if there are not many people?

Mencius set a metaphor: Take pot calling the kettle black as an example. What if there is a trap?

Reveal the reason: the essence is the same-there are more hopeless people than neighboring countries.

Mencius advocated: Wang-Measures, Attitudes and Results (Comparison)

The problem of not increasing the number of people-the reason for not increasing the number of people-the measures to increase the number of people.

I am loyal to my country.

Academic goal

First, understand Mencius' thought of benevolent government.

Second, understand the common words and sentence patterns in classical Chinese.

Third, through reading aloud, we can understand the eloquent language characteristics of Mencius.

Teaching assumption

First, analyze layer by layer to guide reciting.

Second, read rather than speak.

Third, the curriculum: three class hours

first kind

First, guide people

Mencius is a master of Confucianism after Confucius, and we usually call him Confucius. In junior high school, we learned the second chapter of Mencius. "Tao helps more, Tao helps less" and "Born in sorrow and died in happiness" all advise the monarch to be benevolent. The book "I am a countryman" we studied today also embodies Mencius' thought, and the paper also expounds the specific content of his "benevolent politics".

Second, read aloud

1. Teacher Fan reads aloud the pronunciation.

PG One dropped his armor and dragged his soldiers away.

The valley is invincible (shēng), food is also counted (cù g), and it does not enter the bay (wū) pool.

Health care of dead chickens, dolphins (tún), dogs and livestock (xú).

However, those who are not Wang (wàng) all draw hunger (O skin).

2. Students read it together (pay attention to sentence-breaking and realize the language features of Mencius).

3. Students read aloud in roles (please pay attention to the sentences that talk about many people in the text).

Third, analysis

1. Find out the sentences about "more people" in the article. The full-text structure is naturally presented.

There are not many people, so why not? 1 segment

There is no hope that there will be more people than our neighbors. Paragraphs 2, 3 and 4

Paragraphs 5, 6 and 7.

Ask students to summarize the main contents of each part in their own words (not accurate, allowing people to exist).

Commentary: Liang claimed to be "loyal to the country" and asked Mencius why "the people are not happy." Mencius answered with "pot calling the kettle black", pointing out that King Hui of Liang was the same as the kings of neighboring countries, and then talked about his own ideas to answer the question of King Hui of Liang.

Step 2 read the first paragraph

Liang Huiwang said, "I am loyal to my country." Liang felt that he had done his best for national affairs. What is his specific practice?

Tip: if Hanoi is fierce, it will move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce.

What is the result of Liang's implementation of this policy?

Tip: There are not many people in neighboring countries, and there are not many people in China:

To sum up in one sentence, where is Liang's confusion?

Tip: "The whole country tries its best, but there are not many people."

Write on the blackboard.

Guo Yu is committed to results.

Liang emigrated, but not many people moved to the Soviet Union.

Regardless of the kings of neighboring countries, the people will not increase or decrease.

(Mencius is benevolent to the world)

Eliminate tyranny

Instruct reading aloud: Liang feels that he has done his best for the country, so "I am also dedicated to the country." When reading, the stress should fall on the word "wholeheartedly". The first sentence is lightly read and the second sentence is stressed, which means boasting, indicating that you have good intentions. "Why?" Dedicated, but not many people. When reading, we should highlight its confusion and incomprehension.

Please read the first part aloud.

Let the students talk about the main idea and the teacher will correct it.

Liang compared himself with the politics of neighboring countries. Why didn't Mencius directly clarify his point of view and use "please use the metaphor of war"?

Hint: Mencius said, "Please use the metaphor of war", which is familiar to Liang, so as to inspire each other. The first month of a season.

4。 Zi did not directly answer Liang's question of comparing the two countries, but what did he compare?

Tip: Those who abandon armored soldiers, pot calling the kettle black. Commentary: Liang naturally replied: "No, it is not a hundred steps straight, but also a walk." Thereby unconsciously denying that he is different from the rulers of neighboring countries.

5. "pot calling the kettle black" has become a common idiom. What does it mean?

Tip: It is a metaphor for shortcomings or mistakes of the same nature, and the difference is light or heavy.

Note: There is no difference in essence between Liang's emigration and the surrounding rulers' incompetence in governing the country, but there are differences in form or quantity. From this, it is concluded that if you want to increase the number of people, you must have different opinions and be a king.

Read paragraphs 2, 3 and 4.

Instruct reading: In the face of Liang's question, Mencius actually had an answer, but he kept silent and made a metaphor first. You should take your time reading. You can pause for a long time after the metaphor of war, and read "how" lightly in the tone of asking the other party.

Please read aloud.

Let the students talk about the main idea and the teacher will correct it.

Fourthly, it is suggested to master the common notional words and function words in classical Chinese.

Please fill the bucket and drag it open or not.

Verb (short for verb) homework

1. Recite the first two parts.

2. Understand the common notional words and function words.

Second lesson

First, check the recitation.

Second, import.

Mencius inspired Liang with "pot calling the kettle black" and pointed out that his essence is the same as that of neighboring countries, so how can we increase the number of people? Mencius naturally led to his own thought of "benevolent governance"

Third, analysis

1. Read the fifth paragraph

Ask the students to clarify the meaning of the text according to the notes in the book (revised by the teacher).

Understand the content and level of this paragraph.

Tip: The first layer of the 1, 2, 3 clause.

The fourth sentence on the second floor

The fifth sentence is in the center of the third floor.

Guiding reading: The first level consists of three sentences, and the language potential rises step by step. The last level is the center of the whole paragraph and the most prominent part. The phrase "keeping in good health and mourning for death" appears twice. The former can be read lightly, while the latter should be re-read.

Please read aloud.

Guide the class to recite.

2. Read the sixth paragraph aloud

Please take notes according to the book.

Compare the similarities and differences with paragraph 5.

Tip: The same is true of developing production, emphasizing "not going against the farming season", "going into the mountains at any time", "not delaying time" and "not seizing time". These all emphasize not to delay the production opportunity. It is unpopular to point out that Liang's purpose of "increasing people" is to drive the people to fight.

The sixth paragraph not only rationally develops production and controls people's property, but also contains Mencius' thought of educating people.

Guiding reading: This paragraph describes the four basic contents of Wang Dao and four "Yi" sentence languages, which is full of momentum. Finally, summarize the double negative form of "no" ... "No" and read it firmly and forcefully.

Please read aloud.

Guide the class to recite.

Fourthly, it is suggested to master the common real words and function words in classical Chinese.

Unfortunately, time is better than an axe. Unfortunately, trees, clothes and animals are unwilling to teach Shen Xiao to be upright and reward the king.

Verb (short for verb) homework

1. Recite the fifth and sixth paragraphs skillfully.

2. Memorize the real words and function words in classical Chinese studied in this lesson.

The third category

First, check the recitation.

Second, guide people.

Liang thinks that he did a good deed and gave the people some small favors. In fact, he is just like other monarchs. Mencius expounded how to increase the number of people from two aspects: the beginning of kingship and the success of kingship, but this was not enough. What attitude should the king take towards this? Let's look at the last paragraph.

Third, analysis

1. Read paragraph 7.

Organize content:

Note: On the one hand, it writes about social inequality, on the other hand, it refutes Liang's self-belief of "serving the country faithfully".

Mencius finally used a metaphor. How does it compare?

Tip: In 2008, it is not good to blame others for being hungry, just like stabbing and killing people and blaming weapons.

Instruct reading aloud: The phrase "dogs eat people" exposes the dissoluteness of princes and nobles. When reading aloud, show the indignation of the speaker. The sentence "Painting with Hunger" should be read in its tragic tone. The sentence "people die" is borrowed from the tone of the princes' self-defense, which should be ironic to read. Use metaphors to refute and read in a questioning tone. Finally, Liang was advised to give up the politics of abuse of power, practice benevolent government and use a gentle and encouraging tone.

Please read aloud.

Ask the students to summarize Mencius' thought of benevolent government.

Tip: Develop production, control people's property, educate people, and finally eliminate tyranny. Generally speaking, there are two points: one is to protect the people so that they have no food and clothing; The second is to teach and educate people with Confucianism.

[blackboard writing]

Mencius' Benevolence to the People of the World

Eliminate tyranny

Tip: Only by implementing benevolent policies in this way can the people of the world submit.

Guide reciting.

2. It is suggested to master the content words and function words in classical Chinese:

Find out if you were hungry when you were innocent.

3. Finish the exercises after class.

[Supplement] (1) in

I am loyal to my motherland, loyal to my motherland.

Move its people to Hedong

There are more desperate people than neighboring countries.

The person who issues the white paper is not responsible for wearing it on the road.

What's the difference between stabbing and killing?

(2) Passing false words

(1) Don't want to be more than our neighbors, and there won't be "no".

No loss, no "no", no.

(3) Those who get white clothes don't wear them on the road and get the same "spot" ash.

4 painting with hunger, I don't know the same "Tao" and road.

Fourth, the teacher summary

This paper mainly expounds Mencius' proposition in History, that is, in order to increase the population, it is necessary to develop production, make people live in houses, plant fields, eat well and wear warm clothes, make people understand etiquette and receive education, and kings should also get rid of abuse of government and make people come back to serve.

The full text seems rambling, but in fact, the structure is rigorous, the paragraphs are clear, and the people and Canada are the main lines throughout the full text, and the ideas are clear.

The sentence pattern is neat, so it is full of momentum and enhances eloquence.

Verb (short for verb) homework

1. Recite the full text.

2. Memorize commonly used words and sentences in classical Chinese.