Administrative divisions of Helan county

In the early years of the Republic of China (19 12 to 1927), Ningxia county governed four districts and 16 townships, and set up castles in the countryside, that is, the first district was located in Jingui Castle, which governed 26 castles in Jingui, Yi Tong, Tonggui and Hezhen townships. In the second area, there is Khan Lee Fort, which governs 22 forts in 4 towns, including Qingshui, Wangcheng, Khan Lee and Xigang. The third district, located in Fort Zhang Xin, governs 4 towns and villages, including Changxin, Hong Guang, Yuxiang and Fort 23 in Feng Ying. Fourth area is located in Luhuatai, which governs Lu Hua, Fengdeng, Yangxin and Helan *** 19 Fort.

1928, Ningxia was established as a province. Adjustment of county jurisdiction in Ningxia: the original jurisdiction of Khan Lee, Qingshui and Unifort was transferred to Pingluo County; Castles such as Lu Hua, Yangxin, Fengdeng and Feng Ying belong to Ningshuo County.

193 1 in the spring of, Suyukou, Helankou and Xiashandi in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Pingluo County, as well as Khan Lee, Qingshui, Yi Tong and Dingyibao, as well as XuDong He Banbu, Yuxiang, Guiwen, Zhang Xin, Hong Guang and Gao Rong were all placed in Ningxia County. Fortresses such as Fengdeng, Feng Ying, Yangxin and Lu Hua in Ningshuo County, and hillsides such as Chongshikou, Dakouzi, Xiaokouzi (that is, rolling bell mouth), Baisikou and Huang Qu at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain are classified as Ningxia County. Ye Sheng, Renchun, Wang Hong, Wangtai, Quan Wang, Yanghe and Weixin counties belonging to Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are under the jurisdiction of Ningshuo County.

194 1 year, when Yongning County was separated from Ningshuo and Ningxia, Tonggui, Tongshuo, Hezhen, Zhang Zheng, Li Qiang, Xuwang, Yangxian, Feng Ying and Qianxian villages in the south of Ningxia County were placed under Yongning County. Ningxia county was renamed Helan county, and it governed 10 townships in the name of numerical serial number. That is, one township (in Xigangbao), two townships (in Baojia Lake), three townships (in Tongchang Lake), four townships (in Niuwang Temple), five townships (in Khan Lee Fort), six townships (in Baique Temple), seven townships (in Changxinbao), eight townships (in Tanqu Tuanzhuang) and nine townships (in Longwang Temple).

1September 1949, Ningxia was liberated. On the basis of the original 10 township, it was established as 10 district with 45 townships.

1950, the fourth and sixth districts were abolished and merged into eight districts; In May, it was adjusted from 8 districts to 5 districts, and the number of towns and villages remained unchanged.

195 1 year, Deng Nan and Beita Township, Zhenbeibao, Gunzhongkou, Chongshikou and Nanshui in fourth area were placed under the jurisdiction of Yinchuan City. At this time, the 5 districts and 43 townships are as follows: (1) The first district, located in Jinguibao, governs Jinguibao, Baojia Lake, Nanzhaizi, Panqi East, Panqi West, Baonan, Tongchuan West, Tongchang East, Wang Chengxi, Hanzuo, etc. 10 townships; (2) Area 2, located in Khan Lee Fort, governs Khan Lee, Ligang South, Ligang West, Ligang East, Qingshui, Higashi Shimizu, Yi Tong, Wangcheng, Wangcheng North, Tongji and Zhangliangbei1towns; (3) The third district, located in Changxinbao, governs townships such as Changxinbao, Changxinbao, Dingnan, Dingbei, Gao Rong, Hong Guang, Hongguangnan, Hong Guang, Yuxiang and Wu Qu 10; (4) fourth area, located in Xigangbao, governs 9 towns and villages including Xigang, Shengli, Shawn, Guiwen, Xu He, Jiefang, Fengdeng, Xizuo and Xihu; (5) The fifth district, located in Luhuatai, governs Sanqu, Lu Hua and Suyu.

1955 10 month, the area was withdrawn and merged with the township. The original towns and villages in the first district were merged into six towns and villages: Jingui, Jinguinan, Hanzuo, Panchang, Tongchang and Wang Chengxi. The original towns and villages in Area 2 were merged into seven towns and villages: Ligang, Ligang West, Yi Tong, Qingshui, Xi 'en, Wangcheng and Jingxing. The original towns and villages in the third district were merged into five towns and villages: Changxin, Dingyi, Gao Rong, Hong Guang and Yuxiang. The original towns and villages in the four districts were merged into six towns and villages: Shengli, Jiefang, Xigang, Guiwen, Xihu and Fengdeng. The original towns and villages in the five districts were merged into two towns and villages, Lu Hua and Suyu.

1June 1956, 26 townships were merged into 12 townships, that is, the original Jingui and Jinguinan townships were merged into Jingui Township; The original copper factory and Panchang Township were merged and renamed Tuanjie Township; The original Xigang, Desheng and Hanzuo townships and eight production cooperatives including Wangcheng Xixiang Xinsheng merged into Xigang Township; The original Fengdeng, West Lake and Jiefang Township merged into Jiefang Township; The original Yi Tongxiang and the eastern section of Huinong Canal in Qingshui Township merged into Yi Tongxiang; The original Shawn, Wang Cheng and Wang were partially merged into a king; The original Khan Lee, Ligang West, Dingyi Township and the western section of Huinong Canal in Qingshui Township were merged into Khan Lee Township; The original Hong Guang and Gao Rong townships merged into Hongguang Township; The original Guiwen, Changxin and Yuxiang townships merged into Changxin Township; Lu Hua, Su Yu and Jingxing Township remain unchanged.

1957, Xigang Town was changed to Xigang Township.

1958 10 Helan county people's commune was established into four small people's communes. Establish a vanguard commune in Jingui and Panchang areas, located in Jinguibao; Establish Spark Commune in Ligang, Qingshui and Yi Tong, and enter Ligang Fort; The Red Flag Commune was established in Xigang, Xi 'en and Fengdeng areas, and it was located in Xigangbao; Establish Yuejin Commune in Changxin, Hong Guang and Jinshan areas, and enter Changxinbao; Luhua Township is under the jurisdiction of Yinchuan Fighting Commune.

1February, 959, four communes were renamed as stations.

196 1 year, re-divided into 9 communes: Jingui, Panchang, Khan Lee, Changxin, Xigang, Hong Guang, Fengdeng, Yi Tong and Silidian. At the same time, a state-run Venus farm was established near the Yellow River of the former Khan Lee Commune.

1963 three production brigades near Helan Mountain were set aside from Changxin Commune, and Jinshan Commune was added.

1965 Yinchuan Tonggui Commune was placed under Helan County. 1970 Tonggui Commune transferred back to Yinchuan City.

1980, Xigang commune town was partially separated and formed as Xigang town. After that, all commune organizations were cancelled and all were changed to towns and villages. 1985, Jingui, Hong Guang and Khan Lee townships were changed into towns.

1February, 988, Xigang Township was revoked and merged into Xigang Town; At this time, Helan County has jurisdiction over four towns, namely, Xigang, Jingui, Hong Guang and Ligang, and six townships, namely, Panchang, Changxin, Fengdeng, Yi Tong, Silidian and Jinshan, and is a state-owned Jinxing Farm.

In 2000, Helan County administered 4 towns and 6 townships: Xigang Town, Jingui Town, Ligang Town, Hong Guang Town, Panchang Township, Fengdeng Township, Silidian Township, Changxin Township, Yitong Township, Jinshan Township, Nanliangtaizi Virtual Township, Hot Spring Farm Virtual Township and Ningxia Original Seed Farm Virtual Township.

On June 5438+ 10, 2002, the State Council approved Fengdeng Township of Helan County to be placed under the jurisdiction of jinfeng district of Yinchuan City. Helan County governs 4 towns and 5 townships: Xigang Town, Ligang Town, Hong Guang Town, Jingui Town, Silidian Township, Yitong Township, Panchang Township, Jinshan Township and Changxin Township.

In July 2003, according to the opinions of the autonomous region on the adjustment of township division, Helan County merged the original four towns and five townships into four towns 1 township, the original Panchang township into Jingui town, Yixiang town into Ligang town, Silidian town into Changxin town, and Jinshan town into Hong Guang town. In addition, it has 1 street offices and 2 farms. Helan county is mountainous in the west and plain in the east. It has 580,000 mu of cultivated land, 98% of which is irrigated by the Yellow River.

The basic feature of the terrain trend of Helan County is that it is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, and it twists and tilts from southwest to northeast. The whole area is mainly composed of western mountainous areas and eastern plains. Helan Mountain in the west is 1400 meters above sea level, and the highest peak is 3566 meters above sea level. The eastern foot of Helan Mountain is 1 122~ 1400 meters above sea level, which is a piedmont diluvial slope. The modern Yellow River alluvial plain is located in Yinchuan Basin in the east, with an altitude of1102 ~1122 meters. The direct transition between Helan Mountain and Yinchuan Basin is in sharp contrast.

According to the three topographical steps in China, Helan is the second step. The landform of Helan County is divided into five parts from west to east. Helan Mountain, piedmont alluvial plain, old terrace formed by rivers, modern Yellow River alluvial plain and floodplain. On the land of more than 200 square kilometers, there are high mountains and steep hills, as well as alluvial fan skirts; There are plains and sand dunes; There are the Yellow River, lakes and swamps.

Helan Mountain, a branch of Yinshan Mountain, is a natural barrier standing on the west side of Helan County. Shanxi extends from south to northeast, with a total mountainous area of 327,000 mu, accounting for 17.4% of the total land area of Helan County.

Helan county, which starts from the west main canal in the west and reaches the whole eastern half of the Yellow River in the east, belongs to the modern Yellow River alluvial plain, which is formed by alluvial deposits and alluvial lakes of the Yellow River respectively. The terrain is open and flat, with an altitude of1102 ~122 meters, and it slopes slowly from southwest to northeast, with a slope of about 1/4000 and an area of116/kloc.

Lakes, swamps and depressions are distributed in the alluvial plain of the Yellow River. Helan county belongs to temperate continental climate. The annual average temperature is 9.7℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 36.90℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -24℃, and the annual precipitation is138.8mm. ..

Helan county is located inland, far from the ocean, and has a continental climate. According to the climate zoning index of China, it belongs to the middle temperate arid climate zone. Due to the frequent invasion of Siberian cold air and the influence of the terrain conditions of Helan Mountain, the temperature changes greatly in four seasons. The invasion of cold air often brings strong winds and strong cooling in winter and spring, forming a long dry and cold winter. Summer and autumn are affected by the warm air of southeast monsoon, forming rainy season. According to the climate characteristics of Helan County, it is customary to divide March-May into spring, June-August into summer, September-165438+1October into autumn, and June-February from165438 into winter.

Due to the influence of specific topographic conditions, Helan County can be divided into three climatic zones, namely, the cold temperate zone of Helan Mountain, the diluvial fan zone in front of Helan Mountain and the temperate zone of Tang Plain. The meteorological differences in Helan County are caused by different regional types.

According to the analysis of the data recorded by Helan Meteorological Station, the temperature rises rapidly in spring, and the average temperature is about 10℃. The temperature in summer is relatively stable, with an average temperature of about 22℃ and an extreme maximum temperature of 36.7℃. The temperature drops rapidly in autumn, with an average temperature of 8 ~ 9℃. The temperature is cold in winter, with an average temperature of -9 ~-6℃ and an extreme minimum temperature of -27.7℃. The large temperature difference is a remarkable feature of the temperature in Helan County: ① The annual temperature difference is large, and the annual average temperature is 32.4℃. ② The temperature difference between day and night is large, with the average daily temperature difference of 65438 03.4℃ and the highest temperature difference of 29.9℃. (3) The regional temperature difference is obvious. The temperature in the climate zone of Helan Mountain is low, and there is no summer at the top of the mountain all year round, and the winter is as long as 10 month, with a low annual average temperature. There is no summer at the top of the mountain, and the winter lasts for 10 months, and the annual average temperature is below -0.8℃. The climate in the plain is mild, with an average annual temperature of 7.9 ~ 8.6℃.

Helan county is rich in heat resources. The accumulated temperature is greater than or equal to 0℃3753.2℃, greater than or equal to 5℃36 19.6℃, greater than or equal to 10℃328 1.6℃, and greater than or equal to 15℃2629.9℃. The heat required by the main crops in the growth period can basically be met.

Helan county is a temperate arid area, with many sunny days, long sunshine time and large solar radiation throughout the year. According to the statistics over the years, the average annual sunshine in Helan County is 2935.5 hours, the annual sunshine percentage is 66%, and the annual total solar radiation is 140.9 kcal/cm. The solar radiation is the strongest in June and July, with an average of 17 kcal/cm. April to September is the growing period of various crops, during which the total solar radiation reaches 9 1.6 kcal/cm, accounting for 63% of the total annual radiation. When the temperature is higher than 10℃, the total solar radiation is 85.4 kcal/cm, accounting for 58.7% of the total annual radiation. In the middle of Yinchuan Plain in Helan County, the Yellow River enters the country.

The Yellow River flows from Jingui Town in the southeast of Helan County and from south to north into Yitong Town in the northeast. The total length of the territory is 2 1.25 kilometers, the river width is about 1.200 ~ 1.600 meters, the water depth is generally 2 ~ 6 meters, and the deepest point is 2 meters, with an average annual runoff of 28.65 billion cubic meters and an average peak flow of 3,505 cubic meters per second. Abundant water and good water quality, with an average sediment concentration of 6.54 kg/m3 and a maximum salinity of 762.5mg/L..

There is little precipitation in Helan County. The average flood for many years is about 654.38+0.5766 million cubic meters, and the surface runoff is zero. However, the surface water is abundant. From south to north, it flows through five main canals in the county: Tanglai Canal, Hanyan Canal, Huinong Canal, Ernong Canal and Gan Xi Canal, with a total length of 1 12.3 kilometers, an annual total inflow of1370 million cubic meters and an annual irrigation diversion of 560 million cubic meters, which irrigates hundreds of thousands of acres of farmland in Helan County. .

Due to long-term irrigation and cultivation, the terrain along the ancient canal is obviously higher than that on both banks, and a trough-shaped closed depression pool is formed between the ridge highlands, which becomes a water and salt accumulation area, and dozens of beaded source moors and alkaline swamps are formed below.

Helan county is rich in groundwater reserves, and the regulated groundwater reserves are about 1.28 billion tons. Groundwater mainly comes from drainage irrigation and atmospheric precipitation recharge. Generally speaking, the groundwater in Helan County is shallow, and its depth varies with topography and irrigation and drainage conditions. The groundwater in the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area is shallow, and the depth in some areas is less than 50 cm. The maximum buried depth of groundwater in Jinshan diluvial fan is 26 meters. It is observed that irrigation is the main factor affecting the dynamics of groundwater level. After the beginning of spring irrigation, the groundwater level rose sharply and reached its peak in May and June. After autumn irrigation and winter irrigation stopped, the groundwater level dropped. At the beginning of April every year, the groundwater level is at its lowest point.